

from __future__ import annotations

__snake_case							:     Any 						=	[2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 0, 8, 9, 1, 2, 0, 6, 4, 2, 0, 6, 5, 3, 2, 7]



class    A__:
						"""simple docstring"""






						def __init__(  self       ,     _lowercase  )      ->				Union[str, Any]:
									a_		:		Any				    =				-1
									a_		:		Any				    =				-1
									a_		:		List[str]				    =				[-1] * length
									a_		:		List[Any]				    =				None
									a_		:		Optional[int]				    =				None





						def __repr__(  self  )      ->				Dict:
									return F'''Node(min_value={self.minn} max_value={self.maxx})'''







def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			a_		:		Tuple				    =				Node(len(a__))
			a_    ,			a_		:		Dict				    =				min(a__), max(a__)
			# Leaf node case where the node contains only one unique value
			if root.minn == root.maxx:
						return root
			a_		:		List[Any]				    =				(root.minn + root.maxx) // 2

			a_		:		str				    =				[]
			a_		:		int				    =				[]

			for index, num in enumerate(a__):
						if num <= pivot:
									left_arr.append(a__)
						else:
									right_arr.append(a__)
						a_		:		int				    =				len(a__)
			a_		:		int				    =				build_tree(a__)
			a_		:		Optional[int]				    =				build_tree(a__)
			return root


def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__       ,					a__       ,					a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			if index < 0 or node is None:
						return 0
			# Leaf node cases
			if node.minn == node.maxx:
						return index + 1 if node.minn == num else 0
			a_		:		Any				    =				(node.minn + node.maxx) // 2
			if num <= pivot:
						# go the left subtree and map index to the left subtree
						return rank_till_index(node.left       ,					a__       ,					node.map_left[index] - 1)
			else:
						# go to the right subtree and map index to the right subtree
						return rank_till_index(node.right       ,					a__       ,					index - node.map_left[index])


def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			if start > end:
						return 0
			a_		:		int				    =				rank_till_index(a__       ,					a__       ,					a__)
			a_		:		Optional[Any]				    =				rank_till_index(a__       ,					a__       ,					start - 1)
			return rank_till_end - rank_before_start


def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			if index > (end - start) or start > end or node is None:
						return -1
			# Leaf node case
			if node.minn == node.maxx:
						return node.minn
			# Number of elements in the left subtree in interval [start, end]
			a_		:		Any				    =				node.map_left[end] - (
			    node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0
			)
			if num_elements_in_left_tree > index:
						return quantile(
						    node.left       ,					a__       ,					(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)       ,					node.map_left[end] - 1       ,					)
			else:
						return quantile(
						    node.right       ,					index - num_elements_in_left_tree       ,					start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)       ,					end - node.map_left[end]       ,					)


def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			if (
			    start > end
			    or node is None
			    or start_num > end_num
			    or node.minn > end_num
			    or node.maxx < start_num
			):
						return 0
			if start_num <= node.minn and node.maxx <= end_num:
						return end - start + 1
			a_		:		str				    =				range_counting(
			    node.left       ,					(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)       ,					node.map_left[end] - 1       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					)
			a_		:		str				    =				range_counting(
			    node.right       ,					start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)       ,					end - node.map_left[end]       ,					a__       ,					a__       ,					)
			return left + right


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import doctest

	doctest.testmod()




from collections import namedtuple

__snake_case							:     Optional[Any] 						=	namedtuple("""from_to""", """from_ to""")

__snake_case							:     Tuple 						=	{
    """millimeter""": """mm""",
    """centimeter""": """cm""",
    """meter""": """m""",
    """kilometer""": """km""",
    """inch""": """in""",
    """inche""": """in""",  # Trailing 's' has been stripped off
    """feet""": """ft""",
    """foot""": """ft""",
    """yard""": """yd""",
    """mile""": """mi""",
}

__snake_case							:     Optional[int] 						=	{
    """mm""": from_to(0.001, 10_00),
    """cm""": from_to(0.01, 1_00),
    """m""": from_to(1, 1),
    """km""": from_to(10_00, 0.001),
    """in""": from_to(0.0254, 39.3701),
    """ft""": from_to(0.3048, 3.2_8084),
    """yd""": from_to(0.9144, 1.0_9361),
    """mi""": from_to(1609.34, 0.0_0062_1371),
}


def 			_UpperCAmelCase							(		a__       ,					a__       ,					a__):

			'''simple docstring'''



			a_		:		List[str]				    =				from_type.lower().rstrip("""s""")
			a_		:		Union[str, Any]				    =				TYPE_CONVERSION.get(a__       ,					a__)
			a_		:		Optional[int]				    =				to_type.lower().rstrip("""s""")
			a_		:		Optional[int]				    =				TYPE_CONVERSION.get(a__       ,					a__)
			if new_from not in METRIC_CONVERSION:
						a_		:		Any				    =				(
						    f'''Invalid \'from_type\' value: {from_type!r}.\n'''
						    f'''Conversion abbreviations are: {", ".join(a__)}'''
						)
						raise ValueError(a__)
			if new_to not in METRIC_CONVERSION:
						a_		:		Union[str, Any]				    =				(
						    f'''Invalid \'to_type\' value: {to_type!r}.\n'''
						    f'''Conversion abbreviations are: {", ".join(a__)}'''
						)
						raise ValueError(a__)
			return value * METRIC_CONVERSION[new_from].from_ * METRIC_CONVERSION[new_to].to


if __name__ == "__main__":
	import doctest

	doctest.testmod()


