def SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			(       lowercase_:		int			):
       if not isinstance(lowercase_						,  lowercase_			):
              _UpperCamelCase       :    Optional[int]					  =					(
                  'operation can not be conducted on a object of type '
                  F"{type(lowercase_			).__name__}"
              )
              raise TypeError(lowercase_			)
       _UpperCamelCase       :    List[Any]					  =					''
       for _ in range(0						,  32			):
              bit_string += str(number % 2			)
              _UpperCamelCase       :    Dict					  =					number >> 1
       return bit_string


def SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			(       lowercase_:		int			):
       if number < 0:
              raise ValueError('the value of input must be positive'			)
       elif isinstance(lowercase_						,  lowercase_			):
              raise TypeError('Input value must be a \'int\' type'			)
       elif isinstance(lowercase_						,  lowercase_			):
              raise TypeError('\'<\' not supported between instances of \'str\' and \'int\''			)
       _UpperCamelCase       :    List[Any]					  =					0
       # iterator over [1 to 32],since we are dealing with 32 bit integer
       for _ in range(1						,  33			):
              # left shift the bits by unity
              _UpperCamelCase       :    Tuple					  =					result << 1
              # get the end bit
              _UpperCamelCase       :    List[Any]					  =					number % 2
              # right shift the bits by unity
              _UpperCamelCase       :    Dict					  =					number >> 1
              # add that bit to our ans
              _UpperCamelCase       :    int					  =					result | end_bit
       return get_reverse_bit_string(lowercase_			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()




def SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			(       lowercase_:		list[int]			):

       # validate:
       if not isinstance(lowercase_						,  lowercase_			) or not all(
           isinstance(lowercase_						,  lowercase_			) and item >= 0 for item in citations			):
              raise ValueError('The citations should be a list of non negative integers.'			)

       citations.sort()
       _UpperCamelCase       :    List[str]					  =					len(lowercase_			)

       for i in range(lowercase_			):
              if citations[len_citations - 1 - i] <= i:
                     return i

       return len_citations


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()



