"""simple docstring"""







from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

UpperCamelCase_    :    Union[str, Any]											=						TypeVar("""T""")


class      _lowercase						(				Generic[T]					):

				def __init__(       self    :      int    ,      _lowercase    :      T       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						data  # Assign data
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						None  # Initialize next as null
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						None  # Initialize prev as null


class      _lowercase						(				Generic[T]					):

				def __init__(       self    :      Tuple       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						None

				def     A	(       self    :      List[Any]    ,      _lowercase    :      T       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										if self.head is None:
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						Node(_lowercase       )
										else:
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						Node(_lowercase       )
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						new_node
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						self.head
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						None
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						new_node

				def     A	(       self    :      List[str]       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										if self.head is None:
																return None
										else:
																assert self.head is not None
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						self.head.data
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						self.head.next
																if self.head is not None:
																						UpperCAmelCase__   		=						None
																return temp

				def     A	(       self    :      List[Any]       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										return self.head.data if self.head is not None else None

				def __len__(       self    :      Optional[Any]       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						self.head
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						0
										while temp is not None:
																count += 1
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						temp.next
										return count

				def     A	(       self    :      Any       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										return self.head is None

				def     A	(       self    :      List[Any]       ):


										'''simple docstring'''
										print("""stack elements are:"""       )
										UpperCAmelCase__   		=						self.head
										while temp is not None:
																print(temp.data    ,      end="""->"""       )
																UpperCAmelCase__   		=						temp.next


# Code execution starts here
if __name__ == "__main__":
						# Start with the empty stack
						UpperCamelCase_    :    Stack[int]											=						Stack()

						# Insert 4 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->None
						print("""Stack operations using Doubly LinkedList""")
						stack.push(4)

						# Insert 5 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->None
						stack.push(5)

						# Insert 6 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->None
						stack.push(6)

						# Insert 7 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->7->None
						stack.push(7)

						# Print the stack
						stack.print_stack()

						# Print the top element
						print("""\nTop element is """, stack.top())

						# Print the stack size
						print("""Size of the stack is """, len(stack))

						# pop the top element
						stack.pop()

						# pop the top element
						stack.pop()

						# two elements have now been popped off
						stack.print_stack()

						# Print True if the stack is empty else False
						print("""\nstack is empty:""", stack.is_empty())


"""simple docstring"""







from collections import namedtuple

UpperCamelCase_    :    Any											=						namedtuple("""from_to""", """from_ to""")

UpperCamelCase_    :    Union[str, Any]											=						{
    """millimeter""": """mm""",
    """centimeter""": """cm""",
    """meter""": """m""",
    """kilometer""": """km""",
    """inch""": """in""",
    """inche""": """in""",  # Trailing 's' has been stripped off
    """feet""": """ft""",
    """foot""": """ft""",
    """yard""": """yd""",
    """mile""": """mi""",
}

UpperCamelCase_    :    str											=						{
    """mm""": from_to(0.001, 1000),
    """cm""": from_to(0.01, 100),
    """m""": from_to(1, 1),
    """km""": from_to(1000, 0.001),
    """in""": from_to(0.0254, 39.3701),
    """ft""": from_to(0.3048, 3.2_8084),
    """yd""": from_to(0.9144, 1.0_9361),
    """mi""": from_to(1609.34, 0.0_0062_1371),
}


def 					a__ (						UpperCAmelCase__    :     float						,     UpperCAmelCase__    :     str						,     UpperCAmelCase__    :     str     )->		float:
						UpperCAmelCase__   		=						from_type.lower().rstrip("""s"""     )
						UpperCAmelCase__   		=						TYPE_CONVERSION.get(UpperCAmelCase__						,     UpperCAmelCase__     )
						UpperCAmelCase__   		=						to_type.lower().rstrip("""s"""     )
						UpperCAmelCase__   		=						TYPE_CONVERSION.get(UpperCAmelCase__						,     UpperCAmelCase__     )
						if new_from not in METRIC_CONVERSION:
												UpperCAmelCase__   		=						(
												    f'Invalid \'from_type\' value: {from_type!r}.\n'
												    f'Conversion abbreviations are: {", ".join(UpperCAmelCase__     )}'
												)
												raise ValueError(UpperCAmelCase__     )
						if new_to not in METRIC_CONVERSION:
												UpperCAmelCase__   		=						(
												    f'Invalid \'to_type\' value: {to_type!r}.\n'
												    f'Conversion abbreviations are: {", ".join(UpperCAmelCase__     )}'
												)
												raise ValueError(UpperCAmelCase__     )
						return value * METRIC_CONVERSION[new_from].from_ * METRIC_CONVERSION[new_to].to


if __name__ == "__main__":
						import doctest

						doctest.testmod()

