


from __future__ import annotations

from math import pi, pow







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__):
				if side_length < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_cube() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return pow(a__		,3)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_spherical_cap() only accepts non-negative values''')
				# Volume is 1/3 pi * height squared * (3 * radius - height)
				return 1 / 3 * pi * pow(a__		,2) * (3 * radius - height)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__		,a__):
				if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or centers_distance < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_spheres_intersect() only accepts non-negative values''')
				if centers_distance == 0:
								return vol_sphere(min(a__		,a__))

				_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=(
				    (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
				    * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
				    / (2 * centers_distance)
				)
				_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=(
				    (radius_a - radius_a + centers_distance)
				    * (radius_a + radius_a - centers_distance)
				    / (2 * centers_distance)
				)

				return vol_spherical_cap(a__		,a__) + vol_spherical_cap(a__		,a__)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__		,a__):

				if radius_a <= 0 or radius_a <= 0 or centers_distance < 0:
								raise ValueError(
								    '''vol_spheres_union() only accepts non-negative values, non-zero radius''')

				if centers_distance == 0:
								return vol_sphere(max(a__		,a__))

				return (
				    vol_sphere(a__)
				    + vol_sphere(a__)
				    - vol_spheres_intersect(a__		,a__		,a__)
				)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__		,a__):
				if width < 0 or height < 0 or length < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return float(width * height * length)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_cone() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return area_of_base * height / 3.0







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_right_circ_cone() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return pi * pow(a__		,2) * height / 3.0







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_prism() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return float(area_of_base * height)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or area_of_base < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_pyramid() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return area_of_base * height / 3.0







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__):
				if radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_sphere() only accepts non-negative values''')
				# Volume is 4/3 * pi * radius cubed
				return 4 / 3 * pi * pow(a__		,3)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__):
				if radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values''')
				# Volume is radius cubed * pi * 2/3
				return pow(a__		,3) * pi * 2 / 3







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if height < 0 or radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values''')
				# Volume is radius squared * height * pi
				return pow(a__		,2) * height * pi







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__		,a__):
				# Volume - (outer_radius squared - inner_radius squared) * pi * height
				if inner_radius < 0 or outer_radius < 0 or height < 0:
								raise ValueError(
								    '''vol_hollow_circular_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values''')
				if outer_radius <= inner_radius:
								raise ValueError('''outer_radius must be greater than inner_radius''')
				return pi * (pow(a__		,2) - pow(a__		,2)) * height







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__		,a__):
				# Volume is 1/3 * pi * height *
				#           (radius_1 squared + radius_2 squared + radius_1 * radius_2)
				if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return (
				    1
				    / 3
				    * pi
				    * height
				    * (pow(a__		,2) + pow(a__		,2) + radius_a * radius_a)
				)







def   lowerCamelCase(				a__		,a__):
				if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
								raise ValueError('''vol_torus() only accepts non-negative values''')
				return 2 * pow(a__		,2) * torus_radius * pow(a__		,2)







def   lowerCamelCase(				):
				print('''Volumes:''')
				print(f"Cube: {vol_cube(2) = }")  # = 8
				print(f"Cuboid: {vol_cuboid(2		,2		,2) = }")  # = 8
				print(f"Cone: {vol_cone(2		,2) = }")  # ~= 1.33
				print(f"Right Circular Cone: {vol_right_circ_cone(2		,2) = }")  # ~= 8.38
				print(f"Prism: {vol_prism(2		,2) = }")  # = 4
				print(f"Pyramid: {vol_pyramid(2		,2) = }")  # ~= 1.33
				print(f"Sphere: {vol_sphere(2) = }")  # ~= 33.5
				print(f"Hemisphere: {vol_hemisphere(2) = }")  # ~= 16.75
				print(f"Circular Cylinder: {vol_circular_cylinder(2		,2) = }")  # ~= 25.1
				print(f"Torus: {vol_torus(2		,2) = }")  # ~= 157.9
				print(f"Conical Frustum: {vol_conical_frustum(2		,2		,4) = }")  # ~= 58.6
				print(f"Spherical cap: {vol_spherical_cap(1		,2) = }")  # ~= 5.24
				print(f"Spheres intersetion: {vol_spheres_intersect(2		,2		,1) = }")  # ~= 21.21
				print(f"Spheres union: {vol_spheres_union(2		,2		,1) = }")  # ~= 45.81
				print(
				    f"Hollow Circular Cylinder: {vol_hollow_circular_cylinder(1		,2		,3) = }")  # ~= 28.3


if __name__ == "__main__":
							main()










from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterator
from typing import Any

class   A__							:




						def __init__(    self   : List[Any]			,      _a   : Any					)							->       None:


										"""simple docstring"""





										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=data
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=None




						def __str__(    self   : List[Any]					)							->       str:


										"""simple docstring"""





										return f"{self.data}"

class   A__							:




						def __init__(    self   : Optional[Any]					)							->       None:


										"""simple docstring"""





										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=None
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=None




						def __iter__(    self   : List[str]					)							->       Iterator[Any]:


										"""simple docstring"""





										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=self.front
										while node:
														yield node.data
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=node.next




						def __len__(    self   : List[Any]					)							->       int:


										"""simple docstring"""





										return len(tuple(iter(self					)					)					)




						def __str__(    self   : int					)							->       str:


										"""simple docstring"""





										return " <- ".join(str(_a					) for item in self					)




						def 							__UpperCamelCase			(    self   : Union[str, Any]					)							->       bool:


										"""simple docstring"""





										return len(self					) == 0




						def 							__UpperCamelCase			(    self   : int			,      _a   : Any					)							->       None:


										"""simple docstring"""





										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=Node(_a					)
										if self.is_empty():
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=node
										else:
														assert isinstance(self.rear			,      _a					)
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=node
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=node




						def 							__UpperCamelCase			(    self   : Dict					)							->       Any:


										"""simple docstring"""





										if self.is_empty():
														raise IndexError('''dequeue from empty queue'''					)
										assert isinstance(self.front			,      _a					)
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=self.front
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=self.front.next
										if self.front is None:
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=None
										return node.data




						def 							__UpperCamelCase			(    self   : Union[str, Any]					)							->       None:


										"""simple docstring"""





										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     					=None


if __name__ == "__main__":
							from doctest import testmod

							testmod()