





from __future__ import annotations

import sys







class 						_lowerCAmelCase:

  """simple docstring"""







  def __init__( self  ,    UpperCAmelCase  ,    UpperCAmelCase     )-> List[Any]:
     __A				 =       letter
     __A				 =       freq
     __A				 =       {}





  def __repr__( self     )-> str:
     return f"{self.letter}:{self.freq}"







class 						_lowerCAmelCase:

  """simple docstring"""







  def __init__( self  ,    UpperCAmelCase  ,    UpperCAmelCase  ,    UpperCAmelCase     )-> Optional[int]:
     __A				 =       freq
     __A				 =       left
     __A				 =       right
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case     )  ->						list[Letter]:


   '''simple docstring'''







   __A				 =       {}
   with open(snake_case     ) as f:
      while True:
         __A				 =       f.read(1     )
         if not c:
            break
         __A				 =       chars[c] + 1 if c in chars else 1
   return sorted((Letter(snake_case    ,	snake_case     ) for c, f in chars.items())    ,	key=lambda snake_case     : x.freq     )
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case     )  ->						Letter | TreeNode:


   '''simple docstring'''







   __A				 =       letters  # type: ignore
   while len(snake_case     ) > 1:
      __A				 =       response.pop(0     )
      __A				 =       response.pop(0     )
      __A				 =       left.freq + right.freq
      __A				 =       TreeNode(snake_case    ,	snake_case    ,	snake_case     )
      response.append(snake_case     )
      response.sort(key=lambda snake_case     : x.freq     )
   return response[0]
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case    ,	snake_case     )  ->						list[Letter]:


   '''simple docstring'''







   if isinstance(snake_case    ,	snake_case     ):
      __A				 =       bitstring
      return [root]
   __A				 =       root  # type: ignore
   __A				 =       []
   letters += traverse_tree(treenode.left    ,	bitstring + '''0'''     )
   letters += traverse_tree(treenode.right    ,	bitstring + '''1'''     )
   return letters
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case     )  ->						None:


   '''simple docstring'''







   __A				 =       parse_file(snake_case     )
   __A				 =       build_tree(snake_case     )
   __A				 =       {
       k: v for letter in traverse_tree(snake_case    ,	''''''     ) for k, v in letter.bitstring.items()
   }
   print(F"Huffman Coding  of {file_path}: "     )
   with open(snake_case     ) as f:
      while True:
         __A				 =       f.read(1     )
         if not c:
            break
         print(letters[c]    ,	end=''' '''     )
   print()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # pass the file path to the huffman function
    huffman(sys.argv[1])








from __future__ import annotations
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case    ,	snake_case     )  ->						list:


   '''simple docstring'''







   __A				 =       [None] * (len(snake_case     ) + len(snake_case     ))

   __A				 =       0  # pointer to current index for left Half
   __A				 =       0  # pointer to current index for the right Half
   __A				 =       0  # pointer to current index for the sorted array Half

   while pointera < len(snake_case     ) and pointera < len(snake_case     ):
      if left_half[pointera] < right_half[pointera]:
         __A				 =       left_half[pointera]
         pointera += 1
         index += 1
      else:
         __A				 =       right_half[pointera]
         pointera += 1
         index += 1
   while pointera < len(snake_case     ):
      __A				 =       left_half[pointera]
      pointera += 1
      index += 1

   while pointera < len(snake_case     ):
      __A				 =       right_half[pointera]
      pointera += 1
      index += 1

   return sorted_array
def 				__UpperCamelCase  (		snake_case     )  ->						list:


   '''simple docstring'''







   if len(snake_case     ) <= 1:
      return array
   # the actual formula to calculate the middle element = left + (right - left) // 2
   # this avoids integer overflow in case of large N
   __A				 =       0 + (len(snake_case     ) - 0) // 2

   # Split the array into halves till the array length becomes equal to One
   # merge the arrays of single length returned by mergeSort function and
   # pass them into the merge arrays function which merges the array
   __A				 =       array[:middle]
   __A				 =       array[middle:]

   return merge(merge_sort(snake_case     )    ,	merge_sort(snake_case     )     )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()

