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Rizal and the 19th Century Europe
Transcript of Rizal and the 19th Century Europe
Rizal and the 19th Century Europe
In the 1700s
Roman Catholic Clergy
Feudal dues, Taille or Land tax
members of the bourgeoisie
in great poverty
attacked the Bastille
then the Revolution Began...
a young soldier
rank of general
a dictatorial government lasted
about 15 years
Russians, Prussians, Spaniards,
English, Austrians, Italians
fought back against Napoleon
defeated in the famous Battle
at Waterloo in 1815
with Italy, Germany attacked
North German Confederation
German forces defeated
the King of Prussia
Spain experienced internal chaos
Revolution took place
restoration of the
as a monarch
King Fernando died
Decline of Spain
into warring camps
(brother of King Fernando)
Queen Isabel II
(King Fernando's daughter)
CONSTITUTION OF 1837
CONSTITUTION OF 1869
Some of Spanish Colonies got freedom:
Columbia and Ecuador (1819)
Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala,
El Salvador, Nicaragua (1821)
Bolivia, Uruguay (1825)
only Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines
remained under Spain
was brought by Rizal to his country...
Movements of Thought
"Age of Reason"
"Age of Science"
advancement of Science
then, the 19th Century emerged..
Freedom of Thought
State-sponsored schools of thought
Francois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778)
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827)
Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
David Strauss (1808-1874)
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919)
David Hume (1711-1776)
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
the greatest stronghold of Roman Catholic Church
Spanish Constitution of 1896
the public and private exercise of whatever other faith
remains guaranteed to all foreigners residing in
Spain, without other restrictions than the universal
rules of morality and of right;
Emilio Castelar (1832-1899)
Professor Miguel Morayta
the nation is obliged to maintain the faith and the
ministers of the Catholic religion;
if other Spaniards profess a religion other than the
Catholic, they shall be accorded the same treatment
as provided in the foregoing paragraph.
Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Born: August 29, 1632, Wrington, Somerset, England
Died: October 28, 1704, Oates, Essex
initiator of the Enlightenment in England and France
an inspirer of the U.S. Constitution
the author of "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"
his account of human knowledge
"Rulers derived their power only from the consent of the people"
Born: January 18, 1689, Chateau La Brede, Bordeaux, France
Died: February 10, 1755, Paris
known for the book "L 'Esprit des Lois"
his Classification of Government
his theory of the Separation of powers
influence of climate on political matters
Born: November 21, 1694, Paris, France
Died: May 30, 1778, Paris
a courageous crusader against tyranny,
bigotry and cruelty
his writings embodied the characteristic qualities of the
French mind - critical capacity, wit, and satire
his whole work vigorously propagated an ideal of
Born: June 28, 1712, Geneva, Switz
Died: July 2, 1778, Ermenonville, France
Theory of General Will
The Social Contract
propelled political and ethical thinking into new
he opened men's eyes to the beauties of nature and made liberty an object of almost
in a democratic society the state represents the general will of the citizens
in obeying its laws each citizen pursues his own real interest
is the actual or hypothetical agreement between the ruled and the rulers, defining the rights and duties of each party
Born: April 2, 1743, Shadwell, Virginia U.S.A.
Died: July 4, 1826, Monticello, Virginia U.S.A.
was an early advocate of of total separation of Church and state
Declaration of Independence
he was the draftsman of the resolution
Rizal went to Europe
“To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself for the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny”.
November 3, 1882
Rizal reached Colombo, Capital of Ceylon
Rizal enrolled in University Central de Madrid
Rizal arrived at Barcelona Spain
Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino
June 17 to August 20, 1883
Rizal went to Paris
June 16, 1882
Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge called “Acacia”
May 18, 1882
Reached , a seacoast town in Southern Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
Riding a french steamer named “Djemenah” bound for Europe.
“Talim Island", with Susong Dalaga
Departed on board the “Spanish Steamer Salvadora” bound for Singapore.
November 15, 1890
May 11, 1882
May 8, 1882
May 3, 1882
May 17, 1882
Rizal passed all subjects leading to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy & Letters
Rizal became a Master Mason
thank you for viewing
TO GOD BE THE GLORY!
acceptance without question
Struggled for religious tolerance
Bonaparte: where does God fit into your system?
Laplace: Sire, I have no need for that hypothesis.
Cult of the Supreme Being
Execution of King Louis XVI
True nature of things is permanently hidden from us
Everything is connected with the Absolute Spirit
Gospels were written as convictions of faith
All species were related to a common ancestors
Against religions founded on miracle testimonies
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Invasion of Barbarians & Growth of Christianity
Humans existed long before than what the Bible says
Natural phenomena are related without Divine intervention
Men descended from lower animal forms
Christianity = Animism
President of the 1st Spanish Republic
History professor at Universidad de Madrid
Criticized the New Testament, then excommunicated