According to the results of 3 combined prospective longitudinal cohort studies, eating certain whole fruits may reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes. Logically, however, fruit juice consumption may increase the risk.
To get a better assessment of the role fruit might have in diabetes risk, researchers combined data from 3 studies: the Nurses' Health Study (n = 66,105 subjects), Nurses' Health Study II (n = 85,104), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 36,173). Participants in all 3 studies completed questionnaires assessing health and lifestyle factors, including diet, every 2 years.
The researchers excluded participants with a baseline diagnosis of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, as well as those who had missing data for fruit or fruit juice consumption or an extremely high or low caloric intake, and those who had an unclear date of diabetes diagnosis.
In the analysis, which was adjusted for personal, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors for diabetes, every 3 servings of fruit per week were associated with a 2% lower risk for type 2 diabetes. When the researchers looked at individual types of fruit in a multivariate analysis, adjusted for the same factors, they found that 3 servings per week of some fruits were more closely associated with reduced risk than others:
- blueberries = 26% lower risk
- grapes and raisins = 12% lower risk
- apples and pears = 7% lower risk
- bananas = 5% lower risk
- grapefruit = 5% lower risk
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Source: Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies
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