Which of the following is/are not a part of the innate immune defenses? Fever Inflammation T cells Natural killer (NK) cells
What constitutes the body's first line of defense against disease? intact skin and mucous membranes the adaptive defense system antimicrobial proteins and various phagocytic cells inflammation
intact skin and mucous membranes
Proinflammatory signals include all of the following except: leukotrienes. antibodies. prostaglandins. histamines.
____________ is the final step of phagocyte mobilization. Leukocytosis Chemotaxis Margination Diapedesis
Which of the following is a role of interferons (IFNs)? IFNs stimulate the release of histamine. IFNs help the body combat viral infections. IFNs activate helper T cells by presenting antigens. IFNs stimulate antibody production in response to a bacterial infection.
IFNs help the body combat viral infections.
Which of the following is an effect of complement activation? Fever Tissue repair Opsonization T cell activation
Cellular immunity is attributed to the action of: complement proteins. antibodies. interferons. T cells.
Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific internal defense against disease? NK cells inflammation phagocytes T cells
Which defense mechanism results in redness, heat, pain, and swelling? inflammation cell-mediated immunity phagocytosis antibody production
Which antimicrobial protein is produced by a virus-infected cell? histamine pyrogen interferon complement
Which of the following does not serve as an antigen-presenting cell? Natural killer cells Macrophages B cells Dendritic cells
Natural killer cells
T cells achieve self-tolerance in the _______. thymus tonsils bone marrow lymph node
Choose the true statement regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response. A primary response leads to higher levels of antibodies than does a secondary response. A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. The antibodies produced in a primary response bind to antigens more efficiently than the antibodies produced in a secondary immune response. A primary response occurs faster than a secondary response.
A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.
___________ immunity protects a baby who is fed breast milk. Artificial active Natural passive Artificial passive Natural active
Which of the following does NOT describe the adaptive immune response? It is specific. It has memory. It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material. It is systemic.
It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material.
What mobilizes the adaptive defenses and provokes an immune response? pyrogens antigens interferons MHC proteins
Which cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces where they can be recognized by cells that will deal with them? plasma cells T lymphocytes dendritic cells NK cells
________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in plasma.
IgM IgG IgA IgE
________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus infected cells. Macrophages B cells T cytotoxic cells T helper cells
T cytotoxic cells
Antigens bound to MHC II activate: macrophages. T helper cells. B cells. T cytotoxic cells
T helper cells.
Why are children given vaccinations? to develop antibodies against various diseases to develop a disease in a mild state rather than have it later on in a more serious state to see whether the immune system is capable of defense against disease to activate the cell-mediated defense against pathogens
to develop antibodies against various diseases
What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal? The T cell enters a state of anergy. The T cell releases interleukins. The T cell is activated. The T cell becomes a memory cell.
The T cell enters a state of anergy.
_______ are lymphocytes that coordinate cellular and humoral immune responses. B cells T helper cells T cytotoxic cells Regulatory T cells
T helper cells
Which class of tissue graft is the least likely to be accepted by a patient's body? Allograft Autograft Xenograft Isograft
Which is mismatched? AIDS: T helper cells are destroyed by a virus Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells Multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder Immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis