Since baseball’s beginnings, pitchers have always had to work harder than their teammates. The pitcher has an incredibly difficult job.
The pitcher is constantly seen by critical observers, meaning he must always be keenly aware of his every action. In this article, we will explain baseball’s bullpen sessions which are common to provide players with insight into what their teammates are doing each day.
The Baseball’s Bullpen Sessions
A bullpen session is a pitching workout that a pitcher does to practice throwing. They generally last 10-15 minutes. A pitcher may work on mechanics and grips, as well as try out any new pitches or strategies during a bullpen session.
Pitchers seldom use their full effort in the bullpen. A bullpen session is intended to be a non-throwing workout for the main throwing arm. Pitchers typically throw bullpen sessions with only about 80 percent of their strength.
Chris Bosio, the Cubs’ pitching coach, estimates that a bullpen session lasts about seven minutes and has a range of 25 to 50 pitches based on whether the pitcher is a starter or a reliever and how much he loves to throw.
On the other hand, most pitchers learn four to five pitches in a bullpen session so that batters have a tough time anticipating which pitch will be next. Some of the greatest pitchers, on the other hand, have mastered throwing as many as seven different pitches.
The “bullpen” is made up of the middle-relief and late-inning relievers. Pitchers, like hitters, can be replaced at any time by a relief pitcher. If your pitcher is changed, he will not be able to rejoin the game.
In 2020, the number of players allowed in a bullpen was increased to 26, and for the first time, a restriction on the number of pitchers was imposed to 13. Pitchers, catchers, infielders, and outfielders are generally listed in a roster order.
Some baseball clubs have eight (or more) relievers on their roster, but a well-managed seven-pitcher bullpen can allow an organization to carry an extra bench hitter, which may be beneficial.
The Baseball Pitcher’s Repertoire
A pitcher’s repertoire is a set of pitches that he throws during a game or in a bullpen session. The exact number and type of pitches will vary depending on the role of the pitcher. A starting pitcher who specializes in throwing fastballs may have as few as three types of pitches, while a reliever can use more than 10 different offerings.
The common list of a pitcher’s repertoire includes:
- 4-seam fastball
- 2-seam fastball
What Can a Pitcher Do During a Bullpen Session?
Pitchers use bullpen sessions to rehearse game situations. They may practice pickoff techniques, pretending that a runner is on first base. They’ll practice what to do if they receive a ground ball with runners on base. They may also execute pitch sequences in specific situation counts.
To complete the bullpen session, fire off 20 fastballs in any manner you choose. You might want to throw four fastballs to each spot. Start by learning how to throw every kind of pitch you want, focusing on spot work. Don’t overdo it with the bullpen sessions. Each session should include no more than 50 pitches.
Tips in Practicing Throwing Mechanics in Baseball and the Bullpen Session
When you throw a baseball, the arm is responsible for 1/3 of the force applied to the ball. This means that 2/3 of force comes from the lower half of your body. To generate that amount of power, you must have proper throwing mechanics and put in a lot of work at practice.
With all the time you spend improving other areas of your game, don’t forget about the more subtle parts like developing muscle memory in the way you throw the ball.
Throwing is one of those things that can be practiced anywhere. Whether you are alone at home with a baseball and glove or in an empty field catching pop flies for yourself, there are plenty of opportunities to keep improving your throwing skills.
If you are at practice, there is no shortage of things that you can do to work on your throws. Here are some good throwing drills for both in the infield and the outfield. Remember to take time after each drill to focus on proper technique before moving onto the next one. Try these out in sequence to get the most out of your throws.
1. Infield Throwing Drills
Ground balls are one of the best opportunities you can have to improve both your throwing and fielding mechanics. Every good infielder fields a ground ball at least once a game, so it is important that they make a play with every ball hit in their direction. To do this, they must have quick hands. To develop fast hands, try the following drills:
Here is a fun drill that helps you to focus on what your lower body should be doing during a ground ball. Start by getting in an athletic fielding position. If you are right-handed, raise your throwing arm up all the way and start bending your front knee, getting ready to move.
Now, quickly move your throwing arm down and swing your front leg through the ground ball with all of your might. As you do this, try to develop momentum so that when you release the ball it is in one fluid motion.
This drill is very helpful for making you comfortable with fielding a ground ball. Start in your normal fielding position, but instead of bending your throwing-side knee to the ground, keep it bent at a 90-degree angle.
Now, quickly push off that planted leg and reach out to field the ball with your glove hand. As you do this, make sure to bend your throwing arm at a 90-degree angle. Bring the ball up into your body and remember to keep your elbow high as you pull your glove hand over towards you.
This drill is great for developing muscle memory in the lower half of your body during an infield single. Starting with your throwing hand at your side, quickly bring it up to eye level. Keep your elbow high and remember to point the tip of your glove towards the target as you drive through this throw.
2. Outfield Throwing Drills
There are a lot more chances for an outfielder to make a play than there are for an infielder. Because of this, outfielders must be able to make strong accurate throws with a lot of momentum. They also must have good technique when throwing the ball because they are more likely to overthrow or make an incorrect throw when there is wind or any other factor that may hinder their ability to focus on the target.
This drill is great for working on accuracy and arm strength. It is best to do this drill with a pitching machine or another player throwing your baseballs one at a time. Start in your throwing position about 15-20 feet away from the target.
Now, use your glove hand to shield off distractions as you focus on putting the ball directly into the glove waiting for it at a short distance. As you do this, make sure to keep your elbow up and remember to drive through the ball with a full arm extension.
Here is another drill that will help you figure out your ideal throwing distance when the target is too close or too far away from where you are standing. Start in your set/balance position and slowly start moving backward while focusing on keeping your elbow up and releasing the ball after you have reached the full extension of your throwing arm.
Fielding Fly Balls
This drill is great for working on catching fly balls in front of the plate so that you can transfer the ball to your throwing hand as fast as possible. Start by getting into a good fielding position with your throwing hand on top of the baseball ready to catch it.
Now, wait for the ball to come over the plate and focus on catching it in front of your body so that you can quickly get rid of it. As you do this, make sure to keep your elbow up and bring the ball into your glove.
3. Throwing Drills for Pitchers and Catchers
Every player must be prepared in case they need to come off the bench and play a position during a game, so learning how to throw with accuracy and power can provide you with another way to contribute to your team, even when you are sitting on the bench.
Long Toss Drill
This drill is great for working on throwing mechanics and learning to throw with power while staying in a good fielding position. Start by grabbing two baseballs and get into your set/balance position.
Now, use your arm that is opposite of your pitching hand and start to throw the ball with full force while focusing on keeping your elbow up and throwing through your target.
So that you can get a good feel for this drill, start by practicing a long toss at a distance of 60 feet, and then work your way back until you reach about 30 feet away from your target. This is such an important aspect of throwing because this is something that can be extremely difficult to work on without an actual partner.
Catchers must know how to make quick tags and good throws when runners are trying to steal bases during games, which means that they will need to practice their throwing skills often throughout each season.
Short Toss Drill
This drill is great for working on increasing throwing velocity with accuracy. Make sure to start in your set/balance position and hold the baseball in front of you.
Now, throw the ball as hard as you can while focusing on making an overhand follow through just like you would when pitching a baseball. As you do this, make sure to keep your elbow up and focus on hitting the target.
With this drill, start by practicing long toss at a distance of 30 feet before gradually working your way back until you reach about 60 feet away from your target. This is important because it allows players to get used to making accurate throws that increase their velocity which can be extremely difficult to do without a partner.
Pitchers must know how to make accurate throws at all times, especially when they are fielding bunts so that runners cannot take extra bases on them if the ball is not caught by them or their teammate who is playing defense behind them.
Bunt Coverage Drill
This drill is great for working on fielding bunts and making accurate throws to first base without having to run over there. Start by getting into your set/balance position with your throwing hand above where you are standing.
Now, focus on fielding the bunt cleanly before quickly bringing it back behind you and releasing it forward toward first base. As you do this, remember to keep your elbow up, bring the ball into your target, and focus on making an accurate throw.
Catchers must be able to block pitches in the dirt so that there is no chance that runners could score or reach base safely if any part of their body touches home plate while attempting to steal it. In addition, catchers must make accurate throws to second base when a runner is trying to take that base safely.
Block and Throw Drill
Start by grabbing one baseball, getting into your set/balance position, and focusing on keeping the ball in front of you at all times to avoid making mistakes when throwing it later. Now, bring the ball down below your waist and focus on keeping your body still.
Now, slowly bring the ball up until you are in your throwing stance before glancing at the second base to see where runners are located and making an accurate throw toward the base. This is important because it will allow catchers to get used to moving with a baseball so that they can become comfortable with catching wild pitches.
Catchers need to be able to block pitches that are located in the dirt so that there’s no chance of runners being safe if they attempt a steal because their body touches home plate. This skill is especially important for catchers who cannot get themselves out of the way quickly enough when blocking pitches.
How to Practice Pickoff Moves in Baseball
With pickoff moves, pitchers can determine if a baserunner is breaking towards the next base. The movement of the feet will give away when a runner starts to leave his original position on the base, even if he does not make it obvious by leaning in that direction.
Pitchers are taught to drill these pick-off moves to stop runners from taking their time gathering momentum and then taking off toward the next base. Using a pickoff move will help keep runners from stealing bases too easily without having to think about it.
Infielders have been trying to fool baserunners into thinking they are charging for a ball that is already halfway in the catcher’s mitt. In these situations, you can rely on your sense of timing. The pitcher will usually do one of the following three actions:
1. Fake to third, throw to first;
2. Fake to second, throw to first;
3. Fake to first, throw to first.
When a pitcher has one of his feet on the rubber and his other foot off the rubber, he must release the ball to home plate within twelve seconds. The clock starts when one of his feet leaves either side of the rubber or when he stops making any leg movements towards the home plate.
If you’re a runner, be aware of these twelve seconds. Most pitchers won’t rush a throw-off of their mound to first or third base, so you need to know when he does make a move toward the next base …you can take your time gathering momentum and going for it.
Picking Off To First Base
1. As the pitcher comes set over the rubber, his left foot will come up slightly off the ground. This is to establish timing for your break towards the next base. His right leg will also move toward home plate as he adjusts his grip on the ball.
2. The pitcher’s left foot will lower back down to the ground at this point because he is now in a position to load his leg for the pitch.
3. The pitcher will now start to go into his stretch position toward home plate as he continues to grip the ball with both hands, but he will also begin to slide his right leg back towards first base to establish timing so that you can break off the bag.
4. As this is happening, the pitcher’s hands will be cocked behind him as his weight shifts ever so slightly back towards first base. This is the point where he begins to load up for a pick-off throw toward first base if you are not watching closely.
5. The pitcher now begins his stretch toward home plate by shifting all of his weight forward, and this will cause his hands to release the ball. At this point, you should be at full speed because he is about to throw the ball to first base. If you are not, then break off the bag when he shifts his weight back toward home plate in step two of the stretch.
Steps in Picking Off To Third Base in Baseball
In baseball, a pickoff is a move by a pitcher, intended to surprise a runner on base, who is stealing the next base.
1. A runner intending to steal the next base (or at least keep the pitcher and catcher occupied) will try to watch where the ball goes; if it’s thrown far enough away from home plate, it will allow the runner to advance.
2. The pitcher can surprise him by throwing to that base instead, with just enough strength to beat the runner but not far enough for the ball to cross the plate and become a wild pitch or passed ball. A good pickoff move is thus designed to maximize these changes; it should be quick, minimizing the time the runner has to react, and unexpected, reducing the time the catcher has to get into position.
3. The pitcher’s first step should be toward home plate before or as he begins his throw. His second step should be with his lead foot toward the third base so that his momentum carries him slightly in that direction instead of toward first.
This will help him to pivot on his lead foot toward the third so that he can throw without crossing up his body. If he throws with his momentum carrying him towards first base rather than towards third, his body will be twisted toward first and he won’t have a chance to pick off the runner.
4. His arm should initiate the throw at about the level of his shoulder as if making a regular pitch from that spot. The ball should be released with enough speed that it crosses home plate well before reaching second base, but not so fast that the catcher has to jump or move off of his position to catch it.
5. The pitcher should keep his pickoff arm relaxed while holding the ball, especially until he is set and ready to make his throw. When he starts forward with his lead foot, he will withdraw the arm into a cocked position and begin his arc toward the base.
His pivot and momentum should continue flowing toward the third base so that when he releases the ball it will be out in front of him, allowing both for accuracy and a quick throw.
Baseball Bullpen Sessions are very important for individual pitchers. They are used to develop pitching skills and do specific drills for certain aspects of their game, such as throwing accuracy or movement on the ball. Baseball Bullpen Sessions can also help pitchers learn how to pick off baserunners.
These different types of pitches are not only learned in class but should be practiced at home and used in games.