What is Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)?
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a term for a disorder in children who have obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), tic disorders, or both and who suddenly develop symptoms or symptoms worsen after being infected with “strep” bacteria (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Group A Strep). Although the mechanism behind this disorder is unclear, researchers are investigating whether PANDAS is an autoimmune disorder triggered by Group A Strep infection (such as “strep throat”).
Who gets PANDAS?
PANDAS is most common in children younger than 13 years who have been infected with Group A Strep.
Can PANDAS be spread from one person to another?
PANDAS is thought to be the result of an individual’s immune system response to Group A Strep infection. PANDAS is not spread from one person to another.
What are the symptoms of PANDAS?
The symptoms of PANDAS include obsessive thoughts, compulsive behaviors and motor or vocal tics. These symptoms may be accompanied by a variety of other neuropsychiatric symptoms.
How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?
Children who develop PANDAS usually have an abrupt onset of symptoms. The symptoms usually become more intense within 24-48 hours after the onset of their Group A Strep infection.
How is PANDAS diagnosed?
PANDAS is diagnosed by a healthcare provider after evaluating the patient. Although laboratory testing cannot identify PANDAS, it might identify a Group A Strep infection, which precedes PANDAS.
What is the treatment for PANDAS?
If a Group A Strep infection is identified, antibiotics may be prescribed to kill the bacteria. Other treatment may be provided based on the patient’s clinical condition.
What can be done to help prevent PANDAS?
The likelihood of PANDAS is reduced by limiting the spread of Group A Strep. The spread of Group A Strep can be reduced by following these tips:
- Wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds, and help young children do the same. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Wash your hands especially after coughing and sneezing, before and after caring for an ill person and before preparing foods and before eating.
- Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze then throw the tissue in the trash.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
- Avoid close contact (such as kissing, sharing cups, or sharing eating utensils) with sick people.
- Persons with Group A Strep infections should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they have taken antibiotics for at least 24 hours.
Is there a vaccine to prevent PANDAS?
A vaccine for Group A Strep is not available.
How can I learn more about PANDAS?
For additional information,
- Visit the National Institute of Mental Health websites at http://intramural.nimh.nih.gov/pdn/web.htm and http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas/index.shtml.
- Contact your healthcare provider.
- Call your local health department. A directory of local health departments is located at http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/local-health-districts/
- Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology articles regarding PANDAS and PANS treatment guidelines: