A UN expert committee has announced that four countries could soon “graduate” from the ranks of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable nations.
The four countries are: Bhutan, Kiribati, Sao Tome and Principe and the Solomon Islands, according to Mr Jose Ocampo, chair of the Committee for Development Policy (CDP).
Ocampo said the countries had increased national earning power and improved access to health care and education, making them eligible to exit the group of least developed countries (LDCs).
“This is an historic occasion,” Ocampo, said, noting that only five countries had graduated since the UN established the LDC category in 1971.
LDCs are assessed using three criteria: health and education targets; economic vulnerability; and gross national income per capita.
Countries must meet two of the three criteria at two consecutive triennial reviews of the CDP to be considered for graduation.
The Committee would send its recommendations to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for endorsement, which would then refer its decision to the UN General Assembly.
A member of CDP, Diane Elson, a professor at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom, said the announcement was good news for millions of women in rural areas.
Elson pointed out that the latest session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), currently under way in New York, was discussing the challenges facing this population.
“The success of the countries that are graduating reflects things like the improvement of the health and the education of the population, which extends to rural women, and the increase in incomes in the country, which extends to rural women,” she said.
However, Elson stressed that the countries would need continued international support because they remained vulnerable to external shocks, including the impact of climate change, currently evident in Pacific Island states such as Kiribati.
Globally, there are 47 LDCs, according to the UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States.
The majority, 33, are in Africa, while 13 can be found in the Asia-Pacific region, and one is in Latin America.
In the 47 years of the LDC category’s existence, only five countries – Botswana, Cabo Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Maldives and Samoa – had graduated.
The CDP said two more countries, Vanuatu and Angola, were scheduled for graduation over the next three years.
Nepal and Timor-Leste also met the criteria but were not recommended for graduation at this time, due to economic and political challenges.
That decision would be deferred to the next CDP triennial review in 2021, according to Ocampo.
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