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I. Multiple Choice (20 pts) Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is concerned with the study of what can be known and how we can know about it. a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Ethics d. Aesthetics 2. It is the study of concepts like art, music and beauty. a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Ethics d. Aesthetics 3. This studies reality or what there is; if God or fairies exist. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 4. It is concerned with reasoning, forms of argument, general principles and particular errors along with methods of arguing. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 5. It provides a standard of judging a situation, conduct or behavior as good and evil. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 6. Under this concept, morality is believed to be individual, depending on culture, religion or beliefs. a. Moral dilemma b. Moral deprivation c. Moral relativity d. Moral character 7. A concept of science where in knowledge is not based on personal whims or hunches but follows a universal principle. a. Objectivity b. Generativity c. Universality d. Subjectivity 8. One of the central tasks of Philosophy which concerns the modification, change and deconstruction of beliefs in favor of more reasonable beliefs. a. Critical task b. Objective task
c. Constructive task d. Reasoning task 9. This view believes that human beings are not free. a. Determinism b. Solipsism c. Atheism d. Polytheism 10. This view denies the existence of God. a. Determinism b. Solipsism c. Atheism d. Polytheism 11. It is a fundamental unit of what may be asserted or denied. a. Truth value b. Inference c. Conclusion d. Proposition 12. This assumption states that for every proposition P, either P is true of P is false. a. Law of Contradiction b. Law of Excluded Middle c. Law of Included Middle d. Law of Non-contradiction 13. This assumption states that for every proposition P, it is not the case that P is both true and false. a. Law of Contradiction b. Law of Excluded Middle c. Law of Included Middle d. Law of Non-contradiction 14. As stated by this ethical theory, people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. The consequence of the act is not important rather it is the nature of the act that is to be considered. a. Casuist b. Virtue c. Deontology d. Utilitarian
15. A standard form categorical syllogism cannot be valid if it has two negative premises. Any violation of this rule results in a fallacy called ________________. a. Exclusive premises b. Fallacy of illicit minor c. Fallacy of illicit major d. Existential Fallacy 16. The word that appears twice in the premise set but never in the conclusion is the _____________________.
a. Middle term b. Minor term
T . Lexical definition Circular definiion Stipulative definition Ostensive definition a. 2. Conclusion c. T 8. a. 11. we can therefore presume that gas can kill lies. 5. When you are forced to reject your own argument by threat and strong-arm tactics. Premise b. c. The telling of a tale that isn’t true and the desire to promulgate it is part of what is known as a_____________: a story we know is not true but we repeat anyway because of the values derived from doing so. Fairytale d. the fallacy is called ________________________________.17. Inductive argument claims that the truth of its premises guarantees the truth of its conclusion. Deontological b. Prof. rather than the argument. The phrase ‘may be deduced from’ is a premise indicator. Broken myth c. Teleology c. When you are asked a question. Anime 19. Midterm a. Argumentum ad Populum 12. the fallacy is called ________________________________. When you composed an argument by citing as evidence the conclusion of the argument or by repeating the conclusion several times . Argumentum ad Ignorantiam 13. 6. It reports the way in which a term is already used within a language community c. Urban legend b. F 4. 10. When you made an argument involving an inference from the attribution of some feature to an entire class. Qualifiers (Q) + Subject Term (ST) + Copula (C) + 10. the consequence of the act matters in judging the behavior or action as right or wrong. the fallacy is ________________________________. if not. F III. that smuggles the truth of conclusion. In deductive argument. Inductive arguments claims to guarantee the conclusions while deductive arguments merely recommend theirs. This is the transition or movement from premises to conclusion and provides logical connection. Agnosticism and atheism are the same. Conclusion c. definition is always correct. When the strength of an argument rests on some authority. a. T 5. Virtue II. be sure that the authority is the relevant one. 3. Stipulative definition freely assigns meaning to a completely new term. b. Identification (20pts) Direction: Provide the correct answers on the space provided. 9. Deductive argument claims that the there is no middle ground in argument. 8. a. Since we have not proven false that gas can kill lies. Premise b. 7. It must be true that Elvis is alive because a great majority of the people world-wide believe so. you commit the fallacy called ________________________________. Inference 21. 7. the fallacy is called ________________________________. Inference 20. Argument d. Deductive argument is the transition or 9. When your argument is rejected by an appeal to the emotional and miserable consequences of the conclusion. F 6. it is possible for the conclusion of a valid argument to be false while its premises are true. Inductive argument’s standard of correctness is more flexible. T 2. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ when you attack the person who composed the argument. F 3. d. This is a set of two or more propositions related in such a way to each other and supposed to provide support for the conclusion. the fallacy is called ________________________________. Major term d. 4. In this ethical theory. you commit the fallacy of ________________________________. Cruz is a not a good teacher because I saw him teach once and he didn’t do well. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ when you infer the truth of a conclusion because it cannot be disproved. Casuist d. Accident Predicate Term (PT) F movement from premises to conclusion T 18. Argument d. 1. When you base the soundness of an argument on popularity of the conclusion. 1. It either meets the standard or not. True or False (10pts) Direction: Write hear if the statement is correct and shame if the statement is incorrect. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ if you infer the presence of causal connections simply because events appear to occur in correlation.
Catholic priests should remain unmarried because Jesus Christ said “No one can serve two masters.” Strawman 18.14. M ∴M • R B. E v J ~E ∴J 4. M v R ∴R 2. T→C C→L ∴ T→L 4. Argumentum ad misericordiam 20. 1. J→G ∴J . P Q ∴P•Q 2. Juan is brilliant. Strawman Non sequitur Red herring False dilemma False conclusion Division False analogy Ad populum slippery slope ad baculum ad vericundiam ad hominem ad misericordiam ad ignorantiam complex question petitio principii III. E→K ~E ∴ ~K 5. Therefore sex with Julia can cure AIDS. I believe there is God because the Bible says so. Contrary to Facts 17. Sex with a virgin can cure AIDS Julia is a virgin. Petitio Principii 16. R v M M ∴ ~E 5. Juan is a PSU student. We must believe in what Mayor says because if we don’t we will lose our job. (10 pts) A. Argumentum ad baculum 21. I should be accepted in this job because otherwise my family will starve and my sick son will die. Direction: Solve for the truth table values and identify if it is valid or invalid. Therefore. Division 15. D→O ∴O G 3. J ∴Jv~E 3. The moon is turning dark because the great dragon in the sky swallowing it. False cause: Non Causa Pro Causa 19. PSU students are brilliant. Direction: Identify the argument forms: 1.
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