Nigeria: Polio Outbreak - Aug 2016Ongoing
Following the recent detection of wild poliovirus in Nigeria, Ministers of Health from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger and Nigeria have declared the polio outbreak in Nigeria as a public health emergency for countries of the Lake Chad basin. The declaration, coming out of the 66th session of the WHO Regional Committee for the African Region, demonstrates commitment from governments across the region to bolster momentum in the fight against the virus. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 29 Aug 2016)
Nigeria has mobilized its immunization forces and will look to take heed of four key lessons earned during almost three decades of anti-polio efforts: 1) establishing and sustaining trust is critical to the success of eradication campaigns; 2) frequent, independent monitoring and evaluation are key to tracking the progress of an intervention and making modifications; 3) holding all actors accountable is essential to pushing an intervention forward and; and 4) contextualized health initiatives are key in fighting polio and other diseases. These lessons will reinforce a cohesive, multilateral strategy that builds on past successes to secure a polio-free Nigeria. (Center for Global Development, 16 Nov 2016)
The coverage data of the 5th polio outbreak response from early December reports more than 90 per cent polio vaccination coverage in the 81% of the Local Government Areas (LGAs) surveyed in Borno state. The 6th polio campaign in Borno state (between 16 -19 December) took place in 24 of the 27 LGAs in Borno state (except Marte, Abadam and Mobbar) and in all the 17 LGAs in Yobe State. (UNICEF, 21 Dec 2016)
Nigeria continues to implement emergency response to the detected WPV1 strain and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) strains aecting the country (last detected in 2016). Detection of the polio cases in Nigeria underscores the risk posed by low-level undetected transmission and the urgent need to strengthen subnational surveillance. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 30 Aug 2017)
The total number of WPV1 cases for 2016 remains four and no cases have been reported in 2017. The most recent case had onset of paralysis on 21 August 2016 in Monguno Local Government Area, Borno. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 4 Oct 2017)
The detection of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) (Borno state, Nigeria in 2016) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) (Borno and Sokoto states in 2016) continue to pose a risk to the neighbouring countries of the Lake Chad basin. Emergency outbreak response efforts continue across the Lake Chad basin, together with activities to fill subnational surveillance gaps across the region. These activities include efforts to vaccinate children at markets, in internally displaced persons camps, and at international borders. Phase 3 of outbreak response is being launched in January 2018, taking into account the recommendations made during the November Outbreak Response Assessments for the countries and the Technical Advisory Group meeting in December. (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 10 Jan 2018)
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*The reporting of health facility level IDSR data is currently being rolled out across Borno State. Whilst this is taking place, some LGAs are continuing to report only at the level of local government area (LGA). Therefore, completenss and timeliness of reporting is displayed at both levels in this bulletin.
*Alerts are based on 7 weekly reportable diseases in the national IDSR reporting format (IDSR 002) and 8 additional diseases/health events of public health importance in the IDP camps and IDP hosting areas.
Polio this week as of 10 January 2018
PREVENTING CHOLERA OUTBREAKS IN THE DRY SEASON
Historic Epidemiological reports show that the cholera outbreak season in Nigeria has two peak periods. The first peak period is seen during the rainy season when the sewage and drainage systems are overwhelmed due to heavy rains with an attendant contamination of sources of drinking water. The second peak period is seen during the dry season particularly in areas where wells and bodies of waters have dried up and people in the communities are made to travel far in search of water, albeit non-potable water.
ESTABLISHING LABORATORY SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
This week, we round up our series on laboratory and its role in surveillance and disease control by focusing on establishing laboratory support for public health surveillance.
It is important to note that at every level of laboratory service delivery, certain activities are important in strengthening and driving the activities of the laboratory in public health surveillance. Below is a summary of some important outbreak preparedness and response activities, where laboratory support is essential.
Polio this week as of 03 January 2018
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is partnering with institutions in seven countries to help document and disseminate knowledge from the polio programme
Reducing polio cases by 99.9% globally is an incredible feat, achieved through innovative strategies and years of trial and error.
Polio this week as of 27 December 2017
CRITICAL ROLE OF LABORATORIES DURING OUTBREAKS
Response to disease outbreaks in recent past has highlighted evidence of weakness in integration between disease surveillance and laboratories. In this week’s editorial, we review the roles of the laboratory before and during an outbreak.
- Before an outbreak: The laboratory carries out two specific roles
• Early warning signals: This involves detecting pathogens that have the potential to spread. This will ensure early control measures are put in place.
Polio this week as of 20 December 2017
New on polioeradication.org: In 2017, global progress and renewed commitment brought us closer than ever to a world without polio.
Germany announced additional critically needed funding for polio eradication in Pakistan.
Polio eradication remains a top priority for the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
December 20, 2017 1:37 PM
Moki Edwin Kindzeka
YAOUNDE, CAMEROON — Scientists warn a campaign to eradicate polio in central Africa is falling short because of upheaval in the Lake Chad Basin area, where the Boko Haram militant group remains active. On the positive side, on country – Gabon - has been declared polio-free.
Global progress and renewed commitment brought us closer than ever to a world without polio
BUILDING LABORATORY SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
Date de l’évaluation : 18 Septembre 2017
Zone évaluée: le site de Madjakani est situé sur l’axe kiskra-Diamerom dans la souspréfecture de Liwa, préfecture de Foulli. Il se sépare du canton de kiskra à une distance d’environ 32km et à 38 Km de la ville de Bagasola.
Le site se localise sur la carte géographique de la Région du Lac à travers les coordonnées GPS suivantes : 13°58’39.47’’ de longitude et 13°53’36.64” de Latitude.
Date: 18 Septembre 2017
Zone d’évaluation :situé à environ 46 km au Nord-Ouest de canton Kiskra et environ 15 km du site de Diamerom. Le site de Tinana est sous l’administration du Canton de Magui dans la sous-préfecture de Kaïgua-kindjiria, département de Foulli. Il se localise géographiquement par les coordonnées GPS qui suivent : 14°02’45.18’’ de longitude et 13°51’82.5’’ de latitude.
Date : 13 Septembre 2017
Zone de l’évaluation : Situé sur l’axe de Kiskra- Diamerom, le site des déplacés de Torbo se situe à environ 50 km de Kiskra administré par le canton de Magui, dans la souspréfecture de Liwa, département de Foulli. Il se localise à travers les coordonnées géographiques suivants 14°03’13"14 de Longitude et 13°56’50"05 de Latitude.