The article examines the text of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work "Crime and Punishment" in terms of the words and expressions used in it, naming the everyday and social environment in which the characters of the novel lived and acted. The climate of Kolomna – the Meshchansky district of St. Petersburg in the 80s of the XIX century, devoid of palaces and parks, is conveyed by F. M. Dostoevsky by means of expression colorful, figurative and at the same time accurate and expressive. The place and time of the novel is characterized by the author with the help of these linguistic means, which in themselves arouse interest, but this interest in them is strengthened if we consider these units from the point of view of translation studies. How far the means of expression used in the author's text – the original text-correspond to the means of expression of, say, the Polish language into which the novel was translated is the main question of this article. To address this issue, the report compares fragments of the original text of the work and the Polish-translated counterpart. The selection of the most characteristic of the author's works of such fragments, which would demonstrate, on the one hand, the specificity of the author's language that displays in the work of the era and environment, habitat characters, on the other hand, would show the complexity of the translation of this fragment is important. The description of the character's area of residence, such as his road "in S-m lane (pereulok)" "to K-nu bridge", makes it possible to speculate about how to translate these abbreviations into Polish, as well as the name of the street (for example, the translation of the word lane (pereulok) into uliczku, although the word zaułek, which is used in another fragment of the text, would be more accurate here). The article, the topic of which is the translation into Polish of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", in the opinion of the speaker, more fully reveals the author's personality – the linguistic personality of the era, a representative of this social and linguistic environment.
Expression; borrowing; translation; translation studies; linguistic personality of the epoch; linguistic means of expression.