Scientists have gained new insight into the way praying mantises see the world, and this knowledge could potentially open up new avenues for computer vision. The two eyes see slightly different views, which the brain then processes to make one single image while at the same time working out the differences between the two images to determine how far away the object is.
Our brain then merges the two images to create one - which helps us work out things like distances, for example.
All kinds of animals, including humans and other primates, can do this, said senior author Jenny Read, a neuroscientist at Newcastle University in England.
Apparently, praying mantises don't perceive depth in the same way as most other animals. Detection of change would be much easier to implement [in robotics], versus the more elaborate details in matching the views of two eyes.
The scientists attached a mantis-sized pair of dual-color 3D glasses to the insects' eyes, using beeswax as temporary adhesive. The researchers studied the response of the insects to 3D video of prey insects which they tried to catch.
Humans are incredibly good at seeing 3D in still images. In this version of the trait, the mantises are matching motion perceived between two eyes, rather than the brightness we use. What's more, when researchers presented the mantis with 2D dot patterns, which are normally used to test human 3D vision, they found that the mantis was actually able to detect the movement while completely ignoring the still images. The team found mantises don't bother about the details of the picture but just look for places where the picture is changing.
Apart from looking quite cool, the praying mantis shared its novel means of utilizing its 3D vision. In other words, mantises' depth perception only focuses on objects or things that are changing.
They eat small insects or their siblings when young and when they grow larger, have been known to prey on small scorpions, lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, fish, and even rodents.
"This is a completely new form of 3D vision as it is based on change over time instead of static images", said behavioral ecologist Dr. Vivek Nityananda at Newcastle University. "In mantises, it is probably created to answer the question, 'Is there prey at the right distance for me to catch?'"
A Newcastle University engineering student developed an electronic mantis arm which mimics the distinct striking action of the insect.
Mantis cannot see in 3D if the image is static, but their visual technique means they can detect distance to a moving object better than humans under certain circumstances, including when there is a difference in brightness between images from both eyes, according to the study.
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