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Commonly confused with ground squirrels and similar animals, gophers heavily populate North and Central America, with over 35 species commonly occurring in the region. Also called pocket gophers because of their expandable cheek pockets, they have a reputation for ruining landscapes and are often the culprits behind expensive repairs on farms, private lawns, and golf courses. Though most people consider the animals pests, gophers play vital roles in ecosystems and should be left alone if no considerable damage results from their presence.
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On average, pocket gophers are small creatures that weigh about half a pound and reach around 7 inches lengthwise. They are mostly brown in color and have typical rodent characteristics like small, beady eyes, tails, and protruding incisors. Gophers also have claws, which are curved and used for digging extensive tunnel systems, while their cheek pouches allow them to hoard food.
Gophers rarely leave their burrows to find food, although they do surface occasionally to eat plant bulbs, nuts, and fruits. The rodents typically prefer roots and pieces of plants that are accessible from underground, targeting crops like beets, turnips, and carrots.
Pocket gophers can live most anywhere soil is soft and easily excavated, and species are found in each region of North America. Even areas with seasonally cold climates support populations of gophers, as they adapt and burrow through snow. Gophers are rarely seen above ground. If sighted outside their tunnels, they are generally seeking food or digging new pathways. They rarely venture more than a few feet from the nearest tunnel entry.