Joseph Blanco White, original name José María Blanco y Crespo (born June 11, 1775, Sevilla, Spain—died May 20, 1841, Liverpool, Eng.), Spanish-born English poet, journalist, and writer of miscellaneous prose. He was a friend of the poets Robert Southey and Samuel Taylor Coleridge and of the young clerical intellectuals at Oriel College, Oxford, in the 1820s: John Henry Newman, E.B. Pusey, Richard Hurrell Froude, and Richard Whately, all associated with the Oxford movement.
White was a Roman Catholic priest who became a freethinker. He began a journalistic career in 1808 as an advocate of Spanish independence during the French invasion of Spain. When, in 1810, the French entered Sevilla, he fled to England and became editor of El español (“The Spaniard”), a periodical that fomented Spanish opposition to the French. In 1815 he received a British government pension. He took Anglican orders, anglicized his name (his family, after having lived in Spain for two generations, had translated their name to Blanco), and became known as a writer of essays, poems, and popular polemical tracts on disputed points of dogma. His Practical and Internal Evidence Against Catholicism appeared in 1825. But doubt again disrupted his life: he left the church and, finally settling in Liverpool, spent his last years as an active Unitarian.
White is best remembered for his sonnet “
Night and Death” (1828), highly praised for its grandeur by Coleridge, and for his autobiography, The Life of the Rev. Joseph Blanco White, 3 vol. (1845), edited from his letters by John Hamilton Thom.