The hand is an incredible piece of anatomical engineering, being extremely intricate in terms of both design and function. Consisting of 27 bones in total, including eight bones in the wrist alone, the hand’s complex network of nerves, ligaments and veins mean that even a small injury needs to be taken seriously, as any injury to the underlying structure of the hand may be a risk for the later development of a serious handicap.
COMMON HAND INJURIES
Hand injuries can include lacerations, contusions or bruises, fractures and infections. Repairing injured hands is one of the most common hand surgical procedures, which can be applied to fix injuries to the skin, tendons, blood vessels, nerves, and joints, as well as fractured bones, burns and cuts.
Treating patients with hand injuries, birth defects and degenerative disorders is now easier and more successful due innovations in medical technology. In most cases, hand surgery can restore a considerable degree of function and feeling to the injured area. However, recovery may take some time and a period of hand therapy is required in the vast majority of cases.
Common hand-related conditions that typically respond well to treatment include:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: The buildup of pressure on the median nerve is a debilitating disease that results in in numbness, aching, and impaired hand function. It is generally caused by diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, injury, fluid retention during pregnancy, overuse, or repetitive motions. In most cases carpal tunnel syndrome can be cured with anti-inflammatory medications but if non-invasive treatments fail, then surgery may be required.
The surgical procedure for the condition involves an incision being made in the middle of the wrist in order to examine the pressure point. The tissue pressing on the median nerve can then be removed, which provides instant relief. Post-surgery, a dressing is applied and a splint used to restrict motion and support healing.
Dupuytren’s Contracture: Though painless, Dupuytren’s Contracture is a condition where the underlying tissue thickens and contracts beneath the skin on the palm and fingers, resulting in thick, scar-like aberration forming over the hand that can restricts motion to a greater or lesser degree.
The only cure for Dupuytren’s Contracture is through surgical intervention. During the procedure, the thick bands of tissue are carefully cut away to free the tendons and allow for better finger movement. The expertise of the surgeon performing the procedure is important to ensure unnecessary damage to the underlying muscles and nerves, and tightening of the abnormal tissue. Skin grafts may also be required to effect an aesthetic improvement to the area. Post-surgery, physical therapy is usually needed to restore full functionality and normal mobility.
Congenital Deformities: Congenital deformities can cause significant hand defects but, with modern surgical techniques and early intervention, most congenital hand defects can be fixed at a very early age, from infants to pre-school children. Common conditions include:
Tendon Damage: where tendons and/or the median nerve have been damaged with a resultant loss of movement and pain, surgery can improve the function of the hand by means of tendon transfer surgery. During the procedure, a functioning tendon is taken from its original position and used to replace the damaged tendon in order to restore mobility to the affected part.
Boxer’s Fracture: The bones in the finger are connected to the wrist by the mercaptal bones; when the neck of the mercaptal bone is broken, this is referred to as a ‘Boxer’s Fracture’. The condition can be fixed by surgery and, post-operatively, a course of physiotherapy.
Broken Hand:A fracture or broken hand result from severe trauma, such as a crush injury from the improper use of tools or other workplace injuries. Surgical intervention and a course of physiotherapy following surgery typically delivers excellent results.
Finger Injuries:A very common hand injury, finger injuries range from nail injuries, minor cuts and lacerations, broken finger bones, dislocated finger bones and damage to the tendons, bones and ligaments. Without timely treatment, even minor injuries may lead to deformity and loss of function.
RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION
As the hand is very sensitive with a plethora of nerve endings, pain and discomfort is normal after surgery. Prescription medications will help, and patients are given a bespoke pain management plan to make them more comfortable. A course of rehabilitation (physical and activity therapy) under the direction of a trained therapist is usually also recommended once the healing process has advanced to help the hand to regain a normal range of movement. This may include special hand exercises, heat and massage treatments, electrical nerve stimulation, splinting, traction, and wrappings. The duration of the therapy will depend on the extent of the surgery and speed with which your hand heals.
Each case is different, so your consultant will be able to advise in more detail about what to expect during your recovery.
At Cocoona, hand surgery is a particular area of expertise and our team of specialists will be able to diagnose your condition and advise on the best course of treatment to regain full movement of your hand. Call Cocoona today to book a free consultation with an expert.