Endometrial biopsy – Definition
This is a procedure to remove a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus (womb).
Endometrial biopsy – Reasons for Procedure
Some reasons for an endometrial biopsy include:
- Evaluate the cause of bleeding in postmenopausal women
- Evaluate heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between menstrual periods
- Obtain a tissue sample to test for cancer or precancerous conditions
- Monitor the uterine lining in women on estrogen replacement therapy
- Help evaluate the cause of infertility or repeated miscarriages
Endometrial biopsy – Possible Complications
If you are planning to have an endometrial biopsy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Damage to the uterus (rare)
Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
- Cesarean section or previous surgery on the cervix
- Radiation therapy to the area
Be sure to discuss these risks with your doctor before the procedure. If you are pregnant, the test cannot be done.
Endometrial biopsy – What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
You may need to schedule the biopsy for a certain time during your menstrual cycle.
Your doctor may do the following:
- Physical and pelvic exam
- Blood tests
- Urine test
Leading up to your procedure, you may be advised to:
- Take a pain reliever one hour before the procedure.
- Wear or bring a sanitary pad to the health clinic.
Endometrial biopsy – Anesthesia
Usually none is needed. Sometimes local anesthesia is used to numb the cervix.
Endometrial biopsy – Description of the Procedure
You will lie on a table with your feet in foot rests. The doctor will use a speculum to look into the vagina. An instrument called a tenaculum will be used to grasp the cervix. A flexible, thin, suction tube will be passed through the vagina and into the uterus. The doctor will suction out a small sample of endometrial tissue.
Endometrial biopsy – Immediately After Procedure
After the biopsy, you may feel lightheaded. Lying down for 5-10 minutes will help. Once you feel better, you will be able to go home.
Endometrial biopsy – How Long Will It Take?
About 10-15 minutes
Endometrial biopsy – Will It Hurt?
You may feel some cramping and pressure during the biopsy. Your doctor may give you pain medicine after the procedure.
Endometrial biopsy – Post-procedure Care
When you return home after the procedure, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Expect some cramping and bleeding. Use sanitary napkins. Do not use tampons.
- Ask your doctor when you can resume:
- Using tampons
- Having sex
- Be sure to follow your doctor’s instructions.
Your doctor will receive results in about a week. She will work with you to create a treatment plan.
Endometrial biopsy – Call Your Doctor
After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
- Excessive bleeding (more than your normal menstrual period or saturating a pad within one hour)
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Severe pain
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Nausea and/or vomiting
In case of an emergency, call for medical help right away.