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A Limbo mortar on HMNZS Taranaki (F148)
|Place of origin||United Kingdom|
|Used by||Royal Navy
Royal Australian Navy
Royal Canadian Navy
|Designer||Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment|
|Shell||400lb depth charge|
|Calibre||12 inches (30 cm)|
|Effective firing range||400 yards (366 m) to 1,000 yards (914 m)|
|Warhead weight||94 kilograms (207 lb)|
|Proximity and/or Time|
|Type 170 sonar|
Limbo, or Anti Submarine Mortar Mark 10 (A/S Mk.10), was the final British development of a forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon originally designed during the Second World War. Limbo, a three-barreled mortar similar to the earlier Squid and Hedgehog that it superseded, was developed by the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment in the 1950s. Squid was loaded manually, which was difficult on a pitching deck in heavy seas with no protection from the elements; in contrast Limbo was loaded and fired automatically, with all the crew under cover. It was widely fitted on the quarterdeck of Royal Navy escort ships on a mounting stabilised for pitch and roll from 1955 to the mid–1980s. Australian built versions of the Daring class destroyer all carried Limbo as did the Australian River class destroyer escort. Limbo was also widely employed by the Royal Canadian Navy, being incorporated into all destroyer designs from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, including the St. Laurent, Restigouche, Mackenzie, Annapolis and Iroquois classes.
The firing distance of the mortars was controlled by opening gas vents; rounds could be fired from 400 yards to a maximum of 1,000 yards (366 and 910 m). The weapon was linked to the sonar system of the ship, firing on command when the target was in range. The rounds were projected so that they fell in a triangular pattern around the target. Limbo could fire in any direction around the ship and is reported[by whom?] to have been very accurate. The weapon was used in the 1982 Falklands War, and remained in service in the Royal Navy and Commonwealth navies until the 1990s when it was superseded by the Mark 44 torpedo. A surviving system is preserved at Explosion! Museum of Naval Firepower in Gosport, Hampshire.
Sonar control of the A/S Mortar Mk 10
The firing of the Mortar Mk 10 was controlled by the Type 170 (and later the 502) attack sonar from the Sonar Control Room (SCR), which was generally located next to the operations room in the warship.
The 170 sonar had 3 operators who maintained sonar contact with the target and effectively aimed the weapon in bearing, range and depth. The operators were controlled by the SCO (Sonar Control Officer) who was in charge of the SCR.
When a contact had been confirmed as a hostile submarine, the SCO manually fired the Mortar Mk 10 from the SCR upon receiving the order from the captain in the operations room. The firing was done by means of a pistol grip and trigger mounted to the deckhead immediately behind the operators.
- Total system weight: 35 tons including 51 projectiles (17 salvos).
- Naval Armament, Doug Richardson, 1981, Jane's Publishing, ISBN 0-531-03738-X