---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- text-classification
language:
- ro
tags:
- political-discourse
- synthetic-text-detection
- Romanian
- nlp
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
## Dataset Card for "RO-Political-Texts"

## Table of Contents

- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks](#supported-tasks)
  - [Languages](#languages)

- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)

- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)

- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
  - [Ethical Considerations](#ethical-considerations)

- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

### Dataset Summary

RO-Political Corpus is a collection of datasets for RoNLP, focused on detecting the difference between political texts written by humans, during the presidential elections from Romania (2024-2025), and synthetic texts generated with LLM models, as well as on studying linguistic characteristics such as slang, idioms, figurative expressions and "monkey business" behaviors in political discourse on social networks.

The dataset includes:

- political posts, comments and replies (tweets) extracted from social media

Objectives: 

- Detection of synthetic text
  
- Analysis of political polarization

### Supported Tasks

- Toxicity classification

- Political discourse style analysis (slang, tone, bias)

### Languages

Romanian

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

```json
{
  "id": 4,
  "text": "Dacă Nicușor ajunge președinte, o să fie vai și amar de noi. Promisiuni multe, dar fapte zero. Ne-a mai păcălit o dată la primărie, acum vine iar cu gogoși electorale.",
  "text_type": "comment",
  "label": "HUMAN"
}
```

### Data Fields

- `id` - unique ID for each text instance
- `text` - full text (human written or AI-generated)
- `text_type` - indicates the text type (comment, post, tweet)
- `label` - indicates whether the text is written by a human or AI-generated (HUMAN, AI, HYBRID)

### Data Splits

tbd

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

tbd

### Source Data

- Social networks such as TikTok, X and Reddit - public data (using crawling via API or legal scraping, including manual scraping)

- Political topics (presidential, local, parties, ideology, etc.)

### Annotations

- Manual annotations - toxicity score, slang presence, figurative language presence, HYBRID text labeling

- Semi-automatic - using LLMs + human validation (?)

- Consensus on at least 2 native annotators for validation (tbd)

tbc (annotation process)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

The data was public at the time of collection. PII removal has been performed.

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

tbd

### Discussion of Biases

tbd

### Other Known Limitations

tbd

### Ethical Considerations

- Comments are completely anonymized.

- Text generated by LLMs is clearly marked and is not presented as real content.

- No political ideas/ideologies are promoted — the purpose is synthetic text detection, linguistic and stylistic analysis.

- Use of this dataset outside of academic purposes is not encouraged.

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

tbd

### Licensing Information

All texts are collected respecting the platform's terms of service and consent policies. The dataset is intended for academic and non-commercial research.

tbc

### Citation Information

tbd

### Contributions

tbd