Question 1 Name the two conducting tissues of plants?
Question 2 What is the function of transpiration?
Question 3 What is transpiration?
Question 4 Name the two kinds of cells of xylem?
Question 5 Name the various cells through which water moves upwards to reach the leaves?
Question 6 What is translocation?
Question 7 How does transpiration help in upward movement of water from roots to leaves?
Question 8 Explain the mechanism of transport of minerals in plants?
Question 9 Name 4 types of xylem cells?
Question 10 Name 4 types of phloem cells?
Transport system is less elaborate in plants because they are comparatively less active and require less supply of materials either from outside or synthesised by plants themselves.
In plants during respiration there is intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.They obtain gases from atmosphere through roots,stomata in leaves,lenticels in woody roots and stems.
Exchange of gases between cell and environment take place by the process of diffusion.
In plants,water and minerals are absorbed mainly from the soil and then transported upward through specific tissues called xylem.
Organic food which are synthesised in green leaves and hormones are transported through special tissue called phloem.
Xylem is made up of 4 kinds of cells:Tracheids,vessels,xylem parenchyma,xylem fibres.
The water and minerals are absorbed by plants from the soil through root hairs and root apex.
There is difference in concentration between soil solution and root hairs.
Water molecules moves from higher water potential to lower water potential and then to xylem vessels and tracheids.
There is steady movement of water from soil to roots to xylem vessels and tracheids,creating a column of water that is steadily pushed upwards.
The loss of water in the form of vapours from the living tissue of aerial parts is called as transpiration.
Phloem is made up of Sieve tubes,companion cells,phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
The hormones required for growth and development are synthesised at shoot and root tip.
Phloem is a complex permanent tissue running parallel with xylem strands.
Transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation.


Make these for our Ultimate Malted Brownie Sundae.
1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Butter and lightly flour a 9-by-13-inch baking pan; set aside. Combine chocolate and butter in a heatproof bowl set over simmering water; stir until melted and smooth. Set aside to cool slightly, about 5 minutes.
2. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, malted-milk powder, and malt balls; set aside. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, beat sugar and eggs until thickened and fluffy, about 2 minutes. Add melted chocolate mixture and vanilla; mix to combine, about 30 seconds more. Using a spatula, fold in flour mixture until just combined.
3. Pour batter into prepared pan, spreading it evenly with a rubber spatula. Bake until a cake tester inserted in the center comes out with just a few crumbs on it, 30 to 35 minutes. Transfer brownies to a wire rack to cool.
To crush malt balls, place them in a resealable plastic bag and push a rolling pin back and forth over top.
Here it is several months later and the recipe still has not been corrected. To whom do we address this question to get this correction?
I tried this about a week ago. The instructions mentioned adding some crushed malt balls, but the list of ingredients listed none. Any one know what the amount should be? I added 1 cup. Maybe that was too much. We tasted them still hot and they were stick to the teeth chewy, but 2 days later they tasted much better. Yum.


The easiest way to read this tweet is with belief. Nothing in the history of the 44th President should make people aghast that he is proud of an overt antisemite. Obama never hid the ball when it came to his stance on Israel and the Jewish people. This is a president who routinely talked a great game, but when it came time to defend the land of the Jewish people, he was either suspiciously silent or was the one leading the condemnation of Israel. This is not the first time Obama was proud to side with an antisemite or an antisemitic cause. In fact, his perspective was well known since before he took office, and now that he is out of office, it is a good time to take a look at his legacy of “proud” antisemitic moments.
One of the most disingenuous things in politics is the disavowal of a confidant or friend only when it is politically expedient. President Obama, and wife Michelle, attended the Trinity United Church of Christ, a Protestant community in Chicago. They were married at the church in 1992. Their children were even baptized there. The practicing pastor throughout that time was Jeremiah Wright. Everyone is allowed to practice their faith as they see fit. So that is exactly what the Obama’s did; practicing and engaging in their faith in the house of an overt antisemite.
Even though Wright continuously made antisemitic comments and even went so far as to hand out a “Lifetime Achievement” award to Nation of Islam leader and supreme Jew-hater Louis Farrakhan, Obama did not see it proper to leave the church nor disavow his pastor. It was only when Wright’s comments started to cause his image harm on the eve of his candidacy, did Obama finally start distancing himself from his pastor. Still, he would not completely remove Wright from a place of honor within his campaign. Yes, he asked Wright to not perform the invocation at his candidacy announcement in February 2007, but Wright stayed on Obama’s African American Religious Leadership Committee until December 2007 when the relationship became too much for the presidential hopeful. Antisemitism is fine… so long as it does not impact a run at the Presidency–only then did Obama cut Wright loose.
Nevermind that President Obama and Ben Rhodes lied while pushing the Iran Deal on the American people and the rest of the world. Even if you were gullible enough to believe that timeline of events as it was occurring, the Iran Deal was a horrible deal that only served to strengthen Iran and give them time to try and develop nuclear weapons; weapons everyone knew would be developed with the hopes of using against Israel. President Obama had a chance to draw a hard line against the radical state of Iran but chose instead to bend over backward to give it an avenue towards nuclear proliferation.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned from the very start that the Iranians would never abide by the guidelines of the deal. However, like almost every single time Netanyahu and Obama butted heads, Obama disregarded the warning of his Israeli counterpart. In the end, Netanyahu was proven right, “big time.” Obama and his administration orchestrated a deal that would directly harm the safety of Israel and the Jewish people. They lied about it to their own constituents in order to pass this deal. Even when confronted about the possibility that this Jew-hating regime would use the guise of the deal to try and create nuclear weapons to destroy the state of Israel, they did not care. To this day, Obama and Rhodes are proud of orchestrating the Iran Deal, and there is only one reason to be proud of such duplicitousness.
Lame Duck presidents can do great good. Since they really are not beholden to anybody and there are no repercussions, they can finally show all their cards and do the things they most desire. For the Obama administration, that was doing everything in their power to harm Israel, not just in the U.S., but also on the world stage.
However, the Obama administration, which went out of its way at every opportunity to try and condemn Israel while needing to worry about votes, finally let the cat out of the bag in their final U.N. session. The lame duck administration allowed the passing of U.N. Security Council Resolution 2334. Samathan Power cowardly abstained and did not use her veto powers on the vote, which called for an end to “Israeli Settlements.” It was a cowardly act at the time. But now we know it was not just cowardly; it was actually the Obama administration behind the scenes that devised the wording and timing of the aggressively antisemitic and pathetic last-ditch effort to take a personal swipe at Israel and Netanyahu in particular.
With the whole world watching, and a chance to do something good for Israel and the Jewish people, President Obama–with the help of Samantha Power–literally just stood by and watched as the rest of the world condemned Israel for something every other country in the world would do. That is the last defining moment of the Obama administration and one that he is perfectly proud of.
This is by no means a comprehensive list. These are just the three most prominent moments where President Obama showed his true feelings when it came to Israel and the Jewish people. He was totally fine practicing his faith under the leadership of an antisemitic pastor with ill feelings towards the United States. That is, until the rest of the country essentially asked, “what the hell?” But no matter, when you are a great orator, you can get away with many things. Lying to the American people to devise a plan that would directly harm Israel and the land of the Jews? Totally acceptable. Cowardly acts devised with the express purpose of harming Israel? Only undertaken because of the lack of repercussions? Those get a free pass… even when they turn out to be much worse than originally thought. Antisemitic teachings, dangerous deals, and petty performances in relation to Israel. This is the legacy of President Obama. So yes, he can be proud antisemitic members of Congress. They are just continuing the legacy of the 44th President.


What is the trend today in Hollywood?
I'm standing smack-dab in the middle of the town and haven't a clue. As in algebra, however, let's say that there is a trend and let's call that trend 'X'.
It's too late to get in on that trend for the simple reason that it is the trend. If it is the trend today, it had to be in the pipe at least a year ago, and much more likely two or three or more years ago. To cash in on that trend by writing a script geared to it is to guarantee that by the time you go to market it's already old news, stale, pale, and so last year.
During a strike years ago, since no one could market to the studios, a huge pile of spec scripts were written by writers, some of them well established. The idea was to have the scripts ready to sell after the strike. When the strike finally settled, there was a flood of cop-buddy police action melodramas, which appeared to be the trend at the time the strike started. Two writers well known to me and the community, however, a husband-wife writing team, wrote a spec script representing the kind of movie nobody was making at the time: a period piece, a historical costume drama. Happily for them, it stood out above the rash of police thrillers. It caught the imagination and attention of studios and producers first of all because it was not merely another cop action melodrama. It promptly sold for a substantial price. In the meantime, dozens, indeed scores, perhaps hundreds of cop thrillers went into the shredder.
Perhaps twenty years ago I advised my screenwriting seminar commandos at UCLA not to outsmart themselves by trying to figure out the latest trend. I suggested they write the dumbest script they could think of. At that time nobody was buying or making westerns, and so I advised them to write a western. When it was ready it would be the only such item and, therefore, attract attention.
One of the students took me up on this suggestion and wrote a hilarious comedy set in the American west after the Civil War. Not a gunslinger but a painter makes his way west, hauling a wagon of artist's supplies: canvases, tubes of pigment, linseed oil and turpentine, brushes, a pallet and the like. New towns are springing up across the landscape and each has a brand new saloon, and every saloon needs a naked lady above the bar. Our protagonist arrives in one town and then the next, paints a naked lady to hang above the bar, and in exchange receives room and board from the owner, plus provisions to enable him to continue his journey.
At one town the mayor is a Victorian-style prude, who doesn't think there should be pictures of naked ladies in the saloon or anywhere else. He is particularly disturbed by the portrait of the naked lady painted above the bar in his town, as she appears strikingly similar to his wife, right down to a wen in a particularly intimate spot on her body. One would have to know her very, very well indeed to know about that particular portion of her skin.
When the script was finished I referred it to a producer pal of mine who had made an iconic film reminiscent of this script. He read it immediately and promptly acquired the rights, though it was merely a low ball option--very little money--and only for a month. Many writers don't seem to understand that a short option is better than a long one. With a short option the writer gives away less. There's more pressure on the producer to--what else?--produce. Only the other day I overheard two writers bragging to each other about options they had sold. One was for six months. The second boasted that his was superior: a year. Talk about being unclear on the subject! It's like the old joke about Philadelphia. There's a contest; first prize is a week in Philadelphia; second prize is two weeks in Philadelphia.
The writer of the western was shown around Hollywood under the best circumstances. He was not shown around by himself: they wouldn't have read him. He was not shown around by his agent; he didn't have an agent. But even if he had an agent it's not as good as being shown around by a producer with a track record for making hit movies who wants to make your movie. This writer, therefore, was not read by underlings but by the heads of the studios. There's nothing wrong with being read by underlings, but there's also nothing wrong with being read by the chiefs.
At the end of the diminutive option period, nobody bought the script. The writer, however, had all the rights of the project revert to him, and he got to keep the option fee. What's not to like about that? More to the point however, during that brief month he had gone from being completely unknown to being very well known.
At one studio, while they didn't want to make his western, they loved his fresh, funny voice. They had an in-house script that they had not been able to get an A-list Hollywood writer to get a handle on, and so they decided to give him a shot at it. Since he was just rewriting somebody else's script, and he'd never had any professional writing work, they only paid him ten thousand dollars. A week. With a six week guarantee. It actually took eight weeks, so he walked away with $80K, not the kind of fortune it once represented, but certainly enough to buy guacamole to carry him through Cinco de Mayo.
If that's all that he got out of it, it's not a bad deal. But it's not all he got out of it. He also won representation. Imagine you're an unrepresented writer with a major studio wanting to pay you $10K a week for a rewrite assignment. Agents and managers will line up at your door and you can pick and choose. He chose wisely and has a substantial and sustained career under way now for many years.
All of this success accrued from what? Not from homing in on the latest 'trend' but by deliberately, purposefully bucking the trend, not by following the wise course but the dumb one.
From my perch in Westwood I cannot tell you how many times I see writers waste their talent and effort and energy by ignoring the story that's in their heart, the story they want to tell, and instead writing the story they think some producer or studio may want them to tell.
It is a self-defeating prophesy from the get-go.
Writers! Stop working in your heads and work in your hearts. Screenwriting success is not about thinking but feeling. If the writer herself doesn't truly care about what she is writing, why would any producer?
Richard Walter is a celebrated storytelling guru, movie industry expert, and longtime chairman of UCLA’s legendary graduate program in screenwriting. A screenwriter and published novelist, his latest book, Essentials of Screenwriting, is available in stores now. Professor Walter lectures throughout North America and the world and serves as a court authorized expert in intellectual property litigation. For more information and to order the new Essentials of Screenwriting, visit www.richardwalter.com. Richard can be reached at rwalter@tft.ucla.edu.


This article is about the American songwriter. For the Canadian author, see Dianne Warren.
Diane Eve Warren (born September 7, 1956) is an American songwriter. She rose to prominence in 1983, and has since written songs for and co-written songs with multiple singers, as well as for several films.
Warren has had nine number-one songs and 32 top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100's 57-year history were written by her. Warren's career catapulted in the late 1980s shortly after joining forces with the UK music company EMI when Warren became the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time prompting the UK's former Chairman of EMI Music Publishing Peter Reichardt to credit her as "the most important songwriter in the world". She has been rated the third most successful female artist in the UK.
Warren has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three consecutive Billboard Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year, and has been nominated for ten Academy Awards. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her UK success saw her win an Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors when she received the Special International Award in 2008. Warren owns a publishing company, Realsongs, which gives her control over her compositions.
Warren, the youngest of three daughters, was born to David, an insurance salesman, and Flora Warren, in the Los Angeles community of Van Nuys, where she said she felt misunderstood and "alienated" as a Jewish child growing up. Her family's surname "Warren" was originally "Wolfberg", but her father changed the name because it sounded too Jewish. Warren says she was rebellious as a child and told NPR's Scott Simon that she got into trouble and ran away as a teen but returned because she missed her cat. As a child, Warren loved listening to the radio and dreamed of performing on the radio herself. She was also influenced by music through her parents and her sisters who would play music. She began writing music when she was 11 but took a more serious approach at 14, commenting "music saved me." Warren has said that her mother asked her to give up her dream of a songwriting career and take a secretarial job. However, her father continued to believe in her and encouraged her. In addition, he bought her a 12-string guitar and a metal shed for her to practice and took her to music auditions. She wrote Celine Dion's 1996 song "Because You Loved Me" as a tribute to her father for his encouragement. She briefly attended college at Los Angeles Pierce College and California State University, Northridge but considered it a waste and spent more of her time writing songs while attending.
On the February 12, 2016 edition of All Things Considered, Warren said that she had been molested at age 12, and had later experienced sexual harassment and assault by a sound engineer during her working career.
Warren's first hit was "Solitaire", which Laura Branigan took to No. 7 in the U.S. pop charts in 1983.
She's actually more like the Emily Dickinson of Pop. As in the case of the great nineteenth-century reclusive New England poet known for her simple yet eloquent verses, Warren leads a life focused almost entirely on her art.
The original name for her publishing company, Realsongs, was "Warren Piece" because "War and Peace" was already taken. In 1998, Realsongs and its international partner, EMI Music Publishing, distributed A Passion For Music, a six-CD box set that showcased her music. EMI Music's London office assisted in distributing 1,200 copies of the box set primarily to the film and television industry for consideration in soundtracks and other commercial endeavors. It was not marketed to consumers. As of 2011[update], Warren's music has appeared in the soundtracks of over sixty films. She was awarded a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2001.
The Diane Warren Foundation, in conjunction with the ASCAP Foundation and the VH1 Save the Music Foundation created a joint initiative, beginning in 2000, called Music in the Schools. The initiative provides sheet music, band arrangements, folios, and method books to each of the schools that are already recipients of musical instruments from the VH1 Save the Music Foundation.
In 2004, Warren released a compilation album of love songs, titled Diane Warren Presents Love Songs, which includes several of her award-winning hits.
Warren continues to write hit songs for and with artists of all mainstream genres, including Whitney Houston, Belinda Carlisle, Britney Spears, Marcia Hines, Christina Aguilera, Beyoncé, TLC, Aaliyah, Elton John, Cher, Tina Turner, Bryan Adams, Selena, Jessica Simpson, Air Supply, Olivia Newton-John, Barbra Streisand, Aretha Franklin, Roberta Flack, Roy Orbison, Trisha Yearwood, Patti LaBelle, Michael Bolton, NSYNC, Gloria Estefan, Reba McEntire, Enrique Iglesias, Paloma Faith, Russell Watson, Rod Stewart, RBD, Aerosmith, The Cult, Kiss, Ricky Martin, Faith Hill, Meat Loaf, Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Toni Braxton, Exposé, Leigh Nash of Sixpence None the Richer, LeAnn Rimes, Kierra Sheard, Lady Gaga, Claire Richards, Westlife and so on, producing some of the songs as well. Her songs have been covered by artists including Joe Cocker, Weezer, Edwin McCain, Milli Vanilli, Mark Chesnutt, and so on.
Warren wrote three songs for Carrie Underwood's debut album, Some Hearts (2005) that were "Lessons Learned", "Whenever You Remember" and the title track.
In 2009, Warren co-wrote the United Kingdom's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest with Andrew Lloyd Webber the song "It's My Time". It was sung by Jade Ewen and achieved 5th place, the best for the U.K. since 2002.
In 2010, Warren partnered with Avon Products as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices, Avon's first ever global online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women. For the competition, Warren wrote a special anthem which was recorded by the finalists and produced by Humberto Gatica. Warren has been recognized six times ASCAP Songwriter of the Year and four times Billboard's Songwriter of the Year.
In 2012, Warren wrote the song "Counterfeit" for Tulisa's debut solo album The Female Boss.
Warren wrote Paloma Faith's 2014 song "Only Love Can Hurt Like This".
Warren's success in the U.S. has been paralleled in the U.K., where she has been rated the third most successful female artist. Peter Reichardt, former Chairman of EMI Music Publishing UK, credited her as "the most important songwriter in the world."
Warren is the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time. Warren has had nine of her compositions hit #1 in the US Billboard Hot 100, all by different artists, and overall more than 30 of her songs have hit the U.S. top ten. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100's 57-year history were written by her - "How Do I Live" (number four) and "Un-Break My Heart" (number 13). She has had an even bigger success on the U.S. Adult Contemporary charts, where sixteen of her songs have gone to #1, and overall more than 40 songs have hit the top ten on that chart. In the U.K., Warren has had three #1 hits, and more than 20 top ten hits. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Warren has never married, and does not think of herself as a person of commitment. In interviews, she has stated a belief that her lack of a romantic life makes her more peculiar as a songwriter. She had a relationship with producer/songwriter Guy Roche which ended in 1992 and claims she has not had another relationship since, commenting "I've never been in love like in my songs. I'm not like normal people. I'm no good at relationships. I draw drama to me — it's the Jew in me". Although she considers herself to be cynical regarding romance, Warren does not let this affect her songwriting and prefers to write alone, commenting "When I write with other people the experience is different. You have to compromise, which I have problems with. I'd rather listen to my own mind".
In a 2000 interview, Warren explained that she never let go of music despite experiencing rejections, depression and poverty. In 1994, Warren's house was damaged by the 1994 Northridge earthquake causing her to be miserable and homeless, drifting from hotels to rental houses. She has stated that therapy helped her with songwriting. She has also revealed that she works 12–16 hours a day, always takes her keyboard whenever she travels and is self-proclaimed and more active than when she was twenty years old.
Warren does not usually allow anyone into her Hollywood Hills office which she describes as a "cluttered, airless room … nothing has been moved or cleaned for 17 years because she is superstitious" and prefers to think of that room as her "secret world". In that room, Warren records melodies with a tape recorder on which she plays them again and chooses the songs she likes the most. But in an interview with CBS News Sunday Morning correspondent, Ben Tracy, she allowed part of the interview to be taped in the office.
^ a b c "Diane Warren Bio". Mtv.com. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
^ a b "Diane Warren - Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
^ a b c d "The Songwriter With a Golden Touch". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Porter, Susanna (July 28, 2000). "RECORD WOMAN". Daily Record (Scotland). Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ "Diane Warren Interview: I have not yet written my greatest song". Kingsorar.com. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ Laskow, Michael. "Diane Warren - Interviewed by Michael Laskow". Bmusic.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2006.
^ Newman, Melinda (February 9, 2008). "Q&A: Songwriter Warren taps into '70s soul for 'Gangster'". Reuters.com. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ a b Hunt, Dennis (November 26, 1994). "The Ballad of Diane Warren, Songwriter". Latimes.com. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
^ Ulaby, Neda (February 12, 2016). "Diane Warren On 'Til It Happens To You,' A Modern Anthem For A Hard Truth". NPR. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
^ a b Atkinson, Brian T. (January 1, 2007). "DIANE WARREN: Real Songs for Real People". Americansongwriter.com. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
^ "Diane Warren". Latimes.com. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ "Diane Warren Teams up With Universal Music Group for International Publishing Deal". Billboard.biz. June 28, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ Sanderson, Elizabeth (January 24, 2009). "We wrote the Eurovision song in two hours, says Lloyd Webber". Daily Mail. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
^ Klier, Marcus (January 25, 2009). "United Kingdom: Song title announced". ESCToday. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
^ "Norway voted Eurovision winners". BBC News. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
^ "Avon Launches Avon Voices". Avoncompany.com. December 1, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ "Avon Honors Global Champions in the Fight Against Breast Cancer and Domestic Violence at the Avon Foundation Global Voices for Change Gala". Avoncompany.com. November 3, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ "Diane Warren Biography". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
^ "Digital Spy UK: Paloma Faith Releases New Single". Digitalspy.co.uk. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
^ "Radio 2 - The Diane Warren Story". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
^ Gary Trust (January 26, 2016). "Ask Billboard: Diane Warren's Biggest Hot 100 Hits". Billboard.
^ "Diane Warren Exhibit Home". Songwritershalloffame.org. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
^ Arianne Cohen (October 9, 2006). "I Belong to Me". Nerve.com. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
^ Sullivan, Caroline (May 13, 2009). "Diane Warren: 'I've never been in love'". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
^ Tracy, Brian (February 14, 2016). "The Tenacious Diane Warren and Lady Gaga". CBSnews.com. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ "Diane Warren Top ASCAP Songwriter". Tracy Chapman News at Yahoo! Music. Yahoo! Inc. May 20, 1998. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
^ "Repeat The Chorus: Warren Ascap's Songwriter Of Year". The Hollywood Reporter, archived at AllBusiness.com. May 18, 1999. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
^ Orr, Jay; Turneblah r, Shannon Wayne (October 3, 2000). "Los Angeles Comes to Nashville Pop Songwriter Diane Warren Named ASCAP's Country Songwriter of the Year". CMT News. MTV Networks. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
^ a b "Diane Warren - Awards". IMDb. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ "Past Winners Search: Diane Warren". Grammy.com. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ "WOMEN IN FILM, LOS ANGELES ANNOUNCES THE 2010 CRYSTAL + LUCY AWARDS® HONOREES". Wif.org. April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diane Warren.


1. Heat medium nonstick skillet lightly coated with spray over medium-low heat.
2. Add apple and ¼ tsp. cinnamon; cook, stirring constantly for 3 to 4 minutes, or until apple is soft. Remove from heat. Set aside.
3. Combine egg whites, applesauce, and almond milk in a small bowl; mix well. Set aside.
4. Combine protein powder, oats, coconut flour, baking powder, remaining ½ tsp. cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg in a medium bowl; mix well.
5. Add applesauce mixture to oat mixture; mix until just blended.
6. Heat large nonstick skillet lightly coated with spray over medium heat. Ladle about ¼ cup batter for each pancake; cook for 2 to 3 minutes, or until bubbles form on top. Flip. Cook for 90 seconds, or until golden brown and cooked through.
7. Divide pancakes between three serving plates. Top evenly with cooked apple slices.
2. Combine Neufchatel cheese, yogurt, mozzarella cheese, hot sauce, blue cheese, and chicken in a medium bowl; mix well.
3. Place in a 1½-quart baking dish that is lightly coated with spray. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes, or until cheese is melted and edges begin to slightly brown.
4. Serve immediately with raw vegetables for dipping.
Total Time: 8 hrs. 10 min.
1. Place water, 1 cup almond milk, oats, bananas, flaxseed, cinnamon, salt, and nutmeg in a 3-quart slow cooker; cover. Cook on low for 6 to 8 hours, or until oats are soft but chewy.
2. Top each serving evenly with maple syrup, walnuts, and remaining almond milk; serve immediately.


The working process is the same either by executing for yourself or asking a company for the work. Refer to the following instruction on each process.
The size of the hole, the depth and working procedure may change by the situation of the site.
1. Decide the position and direction of the place for installation of the tower.
Mark △ on the ground with color spray. Then check if both the direction and the place are all right.
You can equip the winch on anywhere of one of three faces on the tower.
Since the above is related to wiring of power cable of single phase 200V and/or control, you need to decide the direction of installation of the winch face and the stage steps in advance.
If you work for yourself, note that you need various tools such as excavator, dump for disposing the remaining ground, level, scoop, chair, scale and so on.
In addition, contact a company of fresh concrete in advance.
Firstly, start excavation work for the marked place.
After digging the hole as specified depth, burry the ground plate.
After burying the ground, execute a rolling compaction firmly.
If the rolling compaction is not done firmly, it may cause the foundation to incline.
Put the foundation unit into the hole.
Weld the ground plate to the foundation unit.
remove water with a pump.
Do this work with careful attention.
The surface of the concrete should be finished with making a drainage slope with a trowel neatly.
After the concrete has dried up, remove the mold and clean the surface of the flange and the bolt holes of the foundation unit to complete this work.


The loved ones of a man who drowned when he capsized in a kayak out at sea say his inquest brings them no closure - nearly nine years since his death.
Shane Smith, 30, from Dawdon in Seaham, died on the evening of April 22, 2010, when his kayak was hit by a wave 400 yards out at sea near to the North Pier in Seaham.
A photo taken of Shane Smith just moments before he went into the sea off Seaham in a kayak.
Shane, who had not been wearing a life jacket but was a strong swimmer, was never found.
That was despite searches involving RNLI boats from Sunderland and Hartlepool, Coastguard teams, a boat belonging to a member of the public, an RAF Sea King and police helicopter, police officers and search dogs, with Northumbria Police's marine unit also brought in.
Follwing his inquest, Shane's family told the Echo that rumours he was the "new John Darwin" - a reference to the infamous fraudster who faked his own death in a canoeing mishap - and had started a new life in Tenerife had caused them further upset, with police unable to find any evidence to back up the claim following a second-hand report of a sighting on the island.
With no body to bury, his loved ones say they are struggling to come to terms with letting go of their grief and believe "Jack the lad" Shane is still down on the seabed.
Pearl Smith, pictured with a poster issued by her family as they appealed for help to find the body of her son Shane.
They make visits to the beach on the anniversary of his disappearance, birthdays and Christmas Day.
His mum Pearl, 62, who said the emergency services should have continued to search until they found her son, said: "There's no closure.
"What's the point of a hearing without a body?
"We still think he's down there."
Shane Smith, who was 30 when he went missing off the coast of Seaham.
Late last year, as her son's inquest date was confirmed, Pearl had spoken of her continuing heartache following the loss of her son, who was stepdad to Chantelle Jobes, 25, and never had the chance to meet grandchildren Leland Childs, three, and Pearl Childs, one.
Outside the coroner's court, his sister Tracy, 32, added: "It might be a death certificate, but it means nothing."
The hearing, held in Crook and heard by Durham and Darlington's senior coroner Jeremy Chipperfield, was told Shane had been drinking alcohol and smoking cannabis in the morning before the incident.
A note left by the Smith family near the beach at Seaham.
There was a clash of opinions among witnesses, with his mother and brother Guy, 44, stating he had been sober at the time of the incident, and others who said he had been drunk and was still smoking on the shoreline.
A statement from Guy read to the hearing told how Shane was "game for a laugh and was always the one to get everyone going" and had been happy at the time of the tragedy and in a relationship.
Guy said he had been out in the kayak a short distance before returning to the sand, when Shane then got in and secured the spraydeck, which is used to keep water out the boat.
He said his younger brother had been "extremely excited" to test out the kayak and they had headed to the beach below the old police station after they were told the harbour gates were due to close.
All those involved and a group of teenage witnesses said the friends had started to scream and shout at Shane when they saw he had gone further out than was safe.
When Guy saw Shane in the water after the kayak capsized, he went into the sea and pulled off all his clothes in a bid to get to Shane quicker.
Pearl Smith, pictured on the coastline of Seaham, late last year.
"I could see Shane's head coming out of the water, but every time a wave came I would lose sight of him," he said.
"I saw Shane and I think his eyes were closed.
"I couldn't reach him, I had run out of energy and he was about 10 or 15 metres away.
"I felt so cold, I didn't have any energy left, I was absolutely exhausted and I knew I had to get back to shore because I felt delirious and so scared.
"I got back and curled up on the beach and I can't really remember, but I was wrapped up and taken away by paramedics to Sunderland Royal Hospital."
Shane Dent detailed in his statement that they had warned Shane he was "wasted" but he had wanted to try out the kayak.
He said 999 calls were made from the shore as soon as the group realised Shane was in trouble and described the water as "mindnumbingly cold."
Shane's other brother Philip, 34, broke down as he gave evidence to the hearing.
He said he had been aware Shane had smoked a couple of joints during the day and "hadn't seemed too keen" to try out the kayak earlier in the day, with his brother smoking again while on the beach.
"I was surprised he wanted to go out in the boat," he said.
"Shane wanted to go first and he was quite a boasty character and me and him had a little tiff, so I said 'Here, crack on" and he started to paddle out.
"He did go out a lot further than Guy and we started shouting at him to come back.
"He went to turn it and that's when he capsized, he grabbed hold of the kayak and then another wave had him.
"He let go, went down, came back up again, went down and that was it.
"Shane and Guy swam out and I went out a bit and my legs were so cold, I had mobility issues and I had to come back."
He went on to explain the family had stayed at the scene for some time, with Philip stopped from entering the water again by the police.
The inquest was told the family continued to search for "days and weeks" with Philip adding: "Lots of friends joined us and not just at Seaham but Blackhall, Crimdon, Sunderland, we thought he would travel with the tide and we would search the beach when we could to find a scrap of him or find a piece of clothing."
At the time, Shane's family appealed for divers to help in the effort, with a medium also visited for information as the Smiths looked for answers.
Detective Inspector Andy Reynolds detailed the police and other emergency service efforts to try and find Shane.
He said Durham Constabulary had received a report from someone who had been told by another person they had seen Shane in Tenerife in 2011.
He said: "The Detective Inspector at the time looked at the information from Shane's brothers, information from his friends and from several independent witnesses, from members of the public and we couldn't agree with that hypothesis.
"The belief was that Shane went into the water and was never recovered and I would agree now it was rumour and speculation and there was no substance to it.
"Shane didn't have passport, didn't have life insurance, financially, it would have been a struggle to start a new life.
"That would have taken considerable money and there was no motivation to do that, he was happy, in a new relationship and it seems particularly unbelievable and elaborate."
Answering questions from Pearl about the search, he agreed with her that the bungee attached to the spraydeck could have caught on a rock below the surface, but said the sea bed was too wide an area to search.
As he gave his conclusion, Mr Chipperfield said Shane had "succumbed to the water and never returned to shore."
He recorded the medical cause of death as drowning, with Shane intoxicated when he suffered an accidental death.
Shane also left dad Guy, 67, and sister Kimberley, 28.
The stretch of beach where Shane Smith went into the sea off Seaham.


The is used in an experiment to show that the results of an experiment are actually a result of the condition being tested.
This is the factor in an experiment can change if other factors are changed.
If Sam was completing an experiment to determine if fertilizer makes a plant grow better than not using fertilizer, which of the following would be the best method?
Place one plant in the sun and the other in a closet.
Water one plant every day and the other plant every other day.
Keep both plants on top of a cabinet.
Use a tomato plant and a bean plant.
I am trying to clean my bathroom shower because it has mold on the bottom. I was told to use Xtraclean to get it up. I use Xtraclean on half of the bathroom shower and water on the other half. What is the control?
Why do experiments usually test only one variable at at time?
How does an experimental group differ from a control group?
Mr. Krabs wants to test whether or not his secret ingredient for breath mints will cure the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties. He conducted an experiment on 100 customers. Mr Krabs had 50 customers (Group A) eat a breath mint with his secret ingredient after eating a crabby patty . The other 50 customers (Group B) were given a regular breath mint without the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint and that it would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties and mints, 30 customers from Group A and 10 customers from Group b reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.
Which group is the control group?
Why do you think 10 people in Group B reported fresher breath?
Bob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. Sandy told him to try using a new brand of laundry detergent called Clean-O. Bob washed one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with the Clean-O detergent. After washing both pairs a total of three times, the pants washed in the Clean-O did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in plain water.
What was the problem Bob wanted to investigate?
What should Sponge Bob's conclusion be?


Ellis Faas is completely new to my blog, so let me start by introducing the brand. Ellis Faas is a renowned makeup artist with many credits to her name, including working behind many well-known brands such as M.A.C. and Biotherm. She went on to create Ellis Faas, a makeup line that draws only on colours that exist in, and on the human body. All her products are fluid in texture, and dispense from bullet-like containers, such as the one pictured below.
Today, I want to introduce you to a product that I am completely head-over-heels in love with - the Creamy Eyes in E103. This is a creamy-textured eyeshadow in a pure black colour. It comes in the standard Ellis Faas click-twist bullet dispenser. The applicator is a little brush, pictured below.
This product is nothing short of amazing. Though meant to be used as a cream eyeshadow, I have started using it as an eyeliner instead, and I am loving the results! This has staying power like no other cream eyeshadow. The reason why I rave about this over any other cream eyeshadow, though, is the intensity it provides. This product comes out a strong, pure black, and smudges like a dream.
I have been using gel eyeliner for many years now because of the intensity and staying power I get from it, but I have always loved the smoky, soft effect that pencil eyeliners give me. However, I am yet to find a pencil eyeliner with the kind of staying power that I am accustomed to with gel eyeliners.
Why I like it, in summary? It stays on like a gel eyeliner but smudges and blends like a pencil liner. It is my DREAM hybrid eyeliner!
Swatches in natural light - one swipe on the left, and a small dot blended out on the right.
Here's an FOTD I did a couple of days ago for the Makeup Challenge, where I wore the E103 as an eyeliner. It doesn't show here, but in real life, the effect was beautiful and smoky, but daytime-appropriate. I took this out at night as well - all I did was layer on more eyeshadow, and blend further upwards for a more intense, smoky effect.
This eyeshadow retails for €26.00 on the Ellis Faas website.


2018-07-06 17:27:02 Sworddragon description Initially I have reported this issue here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197815 But after testing out linux-image-4.17.0-4-generic the details changed a bit. Mainly I'm getting the error message "VFS: Cannot open root device "sda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6". Informations on the web imply that it might be possible that the required drivers are not anymore in recent kernel versions so I decided to post that issue now here too. The last working kernel version for me was linux-image-4.13.0-15-generic and the next version did already create a kernel panic for which I created originally the upstream report. Initially I have reported this issue here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197815 But after testing out linux-image-4.17.0-4-generic on Ubuntu 18.10 dev the details changed a bit. Mainly I'm getting the error message "VFS: Cannot open root device "sda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6". Informations on the web imply that it might be possible that the required drivers are not anymore in recent kernel versions so I decided to post that issue now here too. The last working kernel version for me was linux-image-4.13.0-15-generic and the next version did already create a kernel panic for which I created originally the upstream report.
2018-07-06 17:50:09 Sworddragon description Initially I have reported this issue here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197815 But after testing out linux-image-4.17.0-4-generic on Ubuntu 18.10 dev the details changed a bit. Mainly I'm getting the error message "VFS: Cannot open root device "sda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6". Informations on the web imply that it might be possible that the required drivers are not anymore in recent kernel versions so I decided to post that issue now here too. The last working kernel version for me was linux-image-4.13.0-15-generic and the next version did already create a kernel panic for which I created originally the upstream report. Initially I have reported this issue here: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197815 But after testing out linux-image-4.17.0-4-generic on Ubuntu 18.10 dev the details changed a bit. Mainly I'm getting the error message "VFS: Cannot open root device "sda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6". Informations on the web imply that it might be possible that the required drivers are not anymore in recent kernel versions so I decided to post that issue now here too. The last working kernel version for me was linux-image-4.13.0-15-generic and the next version did already create a kernel panic for which I created originally the upstream report. --- ProblemType: Bug AlsaVersion: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version k4.13.0-15-generic. ApportVersion: 2.20.10-0ubuntu5 Architecture: amd64 AudioDevicesInUse: USER PID ACCESS COMMAND /dev/snd/controlC1: sworddragon 1521 F.... pulseaudio /dev/snd/controlC0: sworddragon 1521 F.... pulseaudio Card0.Amixer.info: Card hw:0 'SB'/'HDA ATI SB at 0xfcff4000 irq 16' Mixer name	: 'Realtek ALC662 rev1' Components	: 'HDA:10ec0662,18497662,00100101' Controls : 37 Simple ctrls : 19 Card1.Amixer.info: Card hw:1 'NVidia'/'HDA NVidia at 0xfe97c000 irq 19' Mixer name	: 'Nvidia GPU 42 HDMI/DP' Components	: 'HDA:10de0042,14583555,00100100' Controls : 21 Simple ctrls : 3 CurrentDesktop: LXDE DistroRelease: Ubuntu 18.10 EcryptfsInUse: Yes IwConfig: Error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'iwconfig': 'iwconfig' Lsusb: Error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'lsusb': 'lsusb' MachineType: To Be Filled By O.E.M. To Be Filled By O.E.M. NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm nvidia_modeset nvidia Package: linux (not installed) ProcEnviron: TERM=xterm-256color PATH=(custom, no user) LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 SHELL=/bin/bash ProcFB: 0 VESA VGA ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-15-generic root=UUID=05338ff8-a226-421b-90a4-1dd45199f783 ro elevator=cfq ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.13.0-15.16-generic 4.13.4 RelatedPackageVersions: linux-restricted-modules-4.13.0-15-generic N/A linux-backports-modules-4.13.0-15-generic N/A linux-firmware 1.174 RfKill: Error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'rfkill': 'rfkill' Tags: cosmic Uname: Linux 4.13.0-15-generic x86_64 UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install) UserGroups: adm audio cdrom dip lpadmin plugdev sambashare sudo vboxusers wireshark WifiSyslog: _MarkForUpload: True dmi.bios.date: 07/23/2015 dmi.bios.vendor: American Megatrends Inc. dmi.bios.version: P1.50 dmi.board.name: 960GM/U3S3 FX dmi.board.vendor: ASRock dmi.chassis.asset.tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.chassis.type: 3 dmi.chassis.vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.chassis.version: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnAmericanMegatrendsInc.:bvrP1.50:bd07/23/2015:svnToBeFilledByO.E.M.:pnToBeFilledByO.E.M.:pvrToBeFilledByO.E.M.:rvnASRock:rn960GM/U3S3FX:rvr:cvnToBeFilledByO.E.M.:ct3:cvrToBeFilledByO.E.M.: dmi.product.family: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.product.name: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.product.version: To Be Filled By O.E.M. dmi.sys.vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.


What can hurt in the right side? There is no single answer to this question. And even an experienced doctor, if you tell him that your right side is hurting, you can not immediately make an accurate diagnosis. Why? And all because on the right side of the body are several organs: the gall bladder, appendix, liver, kidney, lung. Failures in their work and can cause painfulFeel. To know at least about what can hurt in the right side, let's learn to recognize the symptoms of a particular ailment and find out the reasons for their occurrence.
Localization of pain in this diseaseis located near the pelvic bone slightly below the navel. The first symptoms of an ailment in the form of unpleasant sensations can be felt in the upper part of the abdomen, and only then fall down. Gradually the pain intensifies and becomes uninterrupted. Stomach upset and vomiting are also symptoms of appendicitis. Treatment of this disease is a surgical operation. The patient's task is to call an ambulance and trust the professionals of his business.
With inflammation of the gallbladder, the side hurtssides under the ribs. What are the symptoms of this ailment? The pain is felt by fights (most often after eating sharp, salty or fatty dishes), there are vomiting, nausea, loose stools, fever. If you suspect a cholecystitis, you should always consult a doctor. Not started timely treatment is fraught with complications: purulent processes and inflammation of the peritoneum. And this will lead to the need for a surgical operation.
A sudden sudden pain under the ribs on the rightthe side of the body is a symptom of this phenomenon. This disease manifests itself in those people whose gall bladder has stones. What are the causes of pain in the right side with this disease? The canal is covered with a stone, and the bile has nowhere to go. It accumulates, stagnates, thereby provoking inflammation. Sometimes the pain with colic is so strong that a person loses consciousness. Treatment of this disease should be under the supervision of doctors. Before the arrival of an ambulance, you can drink an antispasmodic drug, take a hot bath or apply a heating pad.
The kidney is what can hurt in the right side. How to recognize this ailment? Symptoms of inflammation are constant aching pain, chills, frequent urge to toilet in a small way. Treat this disease with antimicrobial agents. But to confirm the diagnosis of "pyelonephritis" and prescribe a therapy should the doctor.
Cough, fever above 39degrees, pain in the side, which is felt in the form of tingling and worse during inspiration - these are symptoms of complication of pneumonia. If you have similar feelings, hurry to call a doctor. The exact diagnosis you will establish after passing the X-ray and putting the tests. Treat pleurisy with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Complication of pleurisy is fraught with the pumping of purulent fluid from the lungs.
What can hurt in the right side? The main ailments accompanied by this symptom, we called. But this is not the whole list. Hepatitis, biliary dyskinesia, colon volvulus and other diseases may also be manifested by painful sensations on the right side of the body. We recommend that you do not put yourself diagnoses, but seek medical help from a doctor.
Why does the pain in the left side of the back appear?
The right side and the bitterness in the mouth hurts: what to treat? What causes bitterness in the mouth and hurts the right side?
Why does the left side hurt? Is it serious?
What does pain mean in the right side under the ribs?


What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.
What if the main method is declared as private?
The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give "Main method not public." message.
What if I write static public void instead of public static void?
Program compiles and runs properly.
What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?
Program compiles but throws a runtime error "NoSuchMethodError".
What is the first argument of the String array in main method?
How can one prove that the array is not null but empty using one line of code?
Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty. But if it would have been null then it would have thrown a Null Pointer Exception on attempting to print args.length.
What are Checked and Unchecked Exception?
A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding class Runtime Exception and its subclasses. Making an exception checked forces client programmers to deal with the possibility that the exception will be thrown. eg, IOException thrown by java.io.FileInputStream's read() method· Unchecked exceptions are Runtime Exception and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its subclasses also are unchecked. With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler doesn't force client programmers either to catch the exception or declare it in a throws clause. In fact, client programmers may not even know that the exception could be thrown. eg, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by String's char At () method· Checked exceptions must be caught at compile time. Runtime exceptions do not need to be. Errors often cannot be.
What are different types of inner classes?
Nested top-level classes, Member classes, Local classes, Anonymous classes Nested top-level classes- If you declare a class within a class and specify the static modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other top-level class. Any class outside the declaring class accesses the nested class with the declaring class name acting similarly to a package. eg, outer. Inner. Top-level inner classes implicitly have access only to static variables. There can also be inner interfaces. These are of the nested top-level variety.
Member classes - Member inner classes are just like other member methods and member variables and access to the member class is restricted, just like methods and variables. This means a public member class acts similarly to a nested top-level class. The primary difference between member classes and nested top-level classes is that member classes have access to the specific instance of the enclosing class.
Local classes - Local classes are like local variables, specific to a block of code. Their visibility is only within the block of their declaration. For the class to be useful beyond the declaration block, it would need to implement a more publicly available interface. Because local classes are not members, the modifiers public, protected, private, and static are not usable.
Anonymous classes - Anonymous inner classes extend local inner classes one level further. As anonymous classes have no name, you cannot provide a constructor.
What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods.
Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading?
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.
What are pass by reference and pass by value?
Pass by Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
What is HashMap and Map?
Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over time. HashMap is unsynchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.
Difference between Swing and Awt?
AWT are heavy-weight components. Swings are light-weight components. Hence swing works faster than AWT.
What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator. A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator interface. This interface allows you to walk through a collection of objects, operating on each object in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the time the Iterator was obtained; generally, it is not advisable to modify the collection itself while traversing an Iterator.
Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must be declared as such. A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from being instantiated.
What is static in java?
Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, if the original method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a non-static method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.
Are the imports checked for validity at compile time? e.g. will the code containing an import such as java.lang.ABCD compile?
In declaration, we just mention the type of the variable and it's name. We do not initialize it. But defining means declaration + initialization. e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new String ("abcd"); Or String s = "abcd"; are both definitions.
Objects are passed by value or by reference?
Java only supports pass by value. With objects, the object reference itself is passed by value and so both the original reference and parameter copy both refer to the same object.
Serialization is a mechanism by which you can save the state of an object by converting it to a byte stream.
How do I serialize an object to a file?
The class whose instances are to be serialized should implement an interface Serializable. Then you pass the instance to the Object Output Stream which is connected to a file output stream. This will save the object to a file.
Which methods of Serializable interface should I implement?
The serializable interface is an empty interface; it does not contain any methods. So, we do not implement any methods.
What is the common usage of serialization?
Whenever an object is to be sent over the network, objects need to be serialized. Moreover, if the state of an object is to be saved, objects need to be serilazed.
Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods read External and write External. These methods give you a control over the serialization mechanism. Thus, if your class implements this interface, you can customize the serialization process by implementing these methods.
What one should take care of while serializing the object?
One should make sure that all the included objects are also serializable. If any of the objects is not serializable then it throws a Not Serializable Exception.
What happens to the static fields of a class during serialization?
There are three exceptions in which serialization does not necessarily read and write to the stream.
-Serialization ignores static fields, because they are not part of any state.
-Base class fields are only handled if the base class itself is serializable.
What are the different ways to handle exceptions?
By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the exceptions.
List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of the method handle those exceptions.
What is the basic difference between the 2 approaches to exception handling? 1> try catch block and 2> specifying the candidate exceptions in the throws clause? When should you use which approach?
In the first approach as a programmer of the method, you urself are dealing with the exception. This is fine if you are in a best position to decide should be done in case of an exception. Whereas if it is not the responsibility of the method to deal with its own exceptions, then do not use this approach. In this case use the second approach. In the second approach, we are forcing the caller of the method to catch the exceptions, that the method is likely to throw. This is often the approach library creators use. They list the exception in the throws clause and we must catch them. You will find the same approach throughout the java libraries we use.


It has been a while since I have provided an update on my YouTube project. If you have been following my blog, you know I have been posting videos on microeconomics to YouTube. I am doing this in an effort to make learning economics more accessible (and to sell my own book, which is only $10 for the e-book version).
To start of my unit on welfare analysis, I introduced the concept of surplus. Specifically, this video demonstrates how to find consumer surplus and producer surplus on the graph.
Once you have an idea of surplus, you can think about policies that maximize the total amount of surplus. Maximizing total surplus is something I call The Efficiency Criterion. I show how to use this criterion in the second video in this unit.
The next application of the efficiency criterion after taxes and subsidies is the efficiency consequence of international trade. I demonstrate this in the third video in this series.
In some sense, there is a fourth video in this unit, but it requires knowledge of the next topic (monopoly). Don't worry. It's coming.
The second unit I produced is on the economics of monopolies, which are firms that are the only supplier to an industry. The first video explains the basics of monopoly pricing. Specifically, I show why a monopoly faces a different problem than a competitive firm.
In the third video, I use calculus more intensively to explain why a monopoly prices on the elastic portion of the demand curve. At the end of the video, I give an intuitive justification for this (that's not really optimal for non-calculus folks, so I'll probably record another video with just that intuitive justification).
In my fourth (and most recent) video, I demonstrate the welfare analysis of monopoly pricing. This video actually fits within both units because it is on both using the efficiency criterion and showing the consequences of monopoly.
What other videos have I posted?
I completed the discussion of competitive firms' supply decisions by linking the short run to the long run.
To help some students I know in real life, I posted this video on extensive form games, and how to solve them. FYI: After I finish my next unit on market failure, my plan is to do a unit on game theory. This video wouldn't be the first in a unit on game theory, but I think it is generally accessible, anyway.
In the last couple of videos, I prove and show some important key implications of The Envelope Theorem (a really important theorem in mathematical economics). Fair warning: This is math heavy.
If you made it this far, you probably should join my 280+ YouTube subscribers. If you do, you'll get updates every couple of weeks about my most recent videos. If you like what is here, you may also like the other videos I have posted, and I plan to post plenty of new videos in the coming months.
My goal is to produce a useful resource for students of economics. The channel is still a work in progress, but from the comments, I think people are finding it useful. Maybe you will too.


Could someone explain the use of each programming language connected to Cardano?
TL:DR. Plutus - general smart contract language for Cardano. Marlowe - simplified language for financial contracts for people with no experience in programming. Haskell - purely functional programming language, widely used in Cardano related software, Plutus is based on it too.
Marlowe interacts with real-world data and enables the expression of smart contacts. It is aimed at fixed-duration financial products, such as hedging, fixed-term deposits, credit swaps, and crowdfunding. Marlowe is ideal for financial start-ups, analysts, or those in the fintech community as well as universities who could use it for testing within their financial courses. With Marlowe you can write smart contracts for financial instruments that are easy to read, write, and understand without programming experience.
Haskell is a statically typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. Plutus is based on it. Most of Cardano related software is based on it.


I was strongly attracted to the author because of his fame in the Lisp community, and because I usually highly value ideas from the Lisp community. Reading this book is one big disappointment. In two sentence summary: the book appears to be an old crank's rambling on software issues and personal bearings. Nothing of technical value, and the insights are of dubious or trivial value.
4. Life of the critic.
Here's a short commented summary of each chapter. Following that is a review of the book as a whole.
Chapter 1 Patterns of software is the most relevant to programing of the whole book. Basically, it is a series of commentaries on issues related to programing methodologies. In particular, a non-critical criticism on object orientated technologies. It occupies about 40% of the book. 92 pages.
Although this is the largest part of the book, but I think it is also the most worthless. I did not read the book in order. I started at chapter 2 (because it seems most interesting), then 3, 4, parts of 5, then back to 1. By the time I'm reading chapter 1, my enthusiasm for the book has fallen from fanatic to almost uninterested. After reading several sections in chapter 1, I became so bored and disgusted to the point that I decided it is a _complete_ waste of time to go further. Thus, the last 3 sections in chapter 1 I have only scanned in order to write this review with a moral sense of completeness. The unintelligibleness of chapter 1 feels like reading Taoism, except that the truism isn't there.
Chapter 2 Languages is a 30 pages haphazard comments on some aspects of languages. Again, it is not a report of some scientific study. It is only the author's thoughts, outlooks, and predictions.
Languages are accepted and evolve by a social process, not a technical or technological one.
Successful languages must have modest or minimal computer resource requirements.
Successful languages must have simple performance model.
Successful languages must not require users have “mathematical sophistication”.
I'll briefly go over each. By the author's first criterion, for example, Java or Perl would be more popular than, say, Dylan or Python. The previous two are based on widely popular C or Unix tools, making them much easier to accept than the latter, even if the latter two are technically superior. By the second criterion, for example, C is good because it requires little resource, while Lisp is bad because it requires large resource (relatively). By criterion 3, it means that the mathematical model the language is based must be simple. For example, C is the simplest because it is close to assembly, while Prolog, Lisp, or Java have complex performance models. By criterion 4, for example, Lisp is very bad because it requires some mathematical sophistication (For example, lambda functions, recursions, and so on.). C is good because it's as simple as manipulating beads on an abacus.
I think if we look at the facts, any well-read person will agree that these are good criterions on judging whether a language would be popular at present time. However, will they be the characteristics of language popularity in the future? The author believe so, and the chapter's climax predicts that C will be the last programing language.
Chapter 3 What we Do are divided into two sections. The first section _what we do_ is only 4 pages. It is an account of a (careless) misunderstanding of technology by Paul Zimmer (supposedly a known figure in the press/writing community). The relation of this story to the section title is that “we” computer scientists should spend more time to explain to the public what we do. In particular, write books that popularize computer technology for the laymen, in the same sense that there are popularizing books on Fractals/math, Theories of Relativity/physics, stars/astronomy, dinosaurs/archeology, …etc. The second section _Writing Broadside_ is also only 4 pages. Here the author, as a “broadside”, encourages computer scientists to improve writing skills. In particular, he emphasized studying poetry and engaging in writing workshops.
One would expect titles like “What We Do” must contain some non-trivial directions or advice. Instead, out of the meager 8 pages, half of them is the author's peddling of his hobby (writing/poetry), and the other half contains the account of a frivolous misunderstanding as a provocation for writing more popularizing books. This chapter failed to convince or persuade me in any way. The story of Paul Zimmer seems laughable and unrelated.
We may divide the book into two parts. One is the author's views on software engineering issues, the other is his biography. The value of the second is intrinsic, thus it needs not be assessed. I'll focus on his views, and the overall quality of the book.
First, about his writing quality. We learned from chapters 4 and 5 that the author has strong interest in writing since teens, and has seriously engaged in writing and poetry writing starting on 1992. (he was born on 1949) Throughout the book, the author freely makes analogies to poetry to make a point. Clearly, he is infatuated with poetry. His writing style is illogical and imprecise, yet failed to be clear. There are illogical (literary) writing styles with exemplary clarity and excellence, but I judge the book's writings to be very low quality. Sentences' grammatical structures are very complex without being artful. Sentences are often much longer than normal. The structure of content is not well-organized by paragraphs. Ideas and passages are sometimes repeated in sections or in chapters. The arguments are not convincing. One gets the feeling that the author kicked in too much flavor of poetry haplessly. The physical aspect of reading of this book has not been a pleasant experience.
With respect to the author's views on software methodologies, it appears that he has succumbed to fashionable mediocrity. Instead of pushing for austere mathematics, he talks about what pleases people. Instead of encourage people to study more math and science, he goes the other way around, saying that languages and methodologies should not be based on math but to suit average programer's intellects. It is not clear to me which goal he has in mind: (1) To enrich and improve people's lives (for both programer and user) in the general sense as a contribution to human kind. (2) To make successful (popular) software/company. If the goal is latter, then much of what he said is sensible, at least at present. That is, language and software should be based on the worse-is-better philosophy, which will result in speed, ease of porting, smallness, virus-modeled popularity, and will get people hooked on for perpetual improvements and mutation. Even then, I doubt that worse-is-better philosophy's survivability will beat The Right Thing in the next 10 years. If his goals is (1), then his views are muddled.
There is a saying, that Computer Science (CS) is as much science as fluid dynamics in plumbing. Today we have so much confusion in computer science is partly due to the infancy of the field, and partly due to the ease for laymen to entry. Open a college student's science textbook, it is amazing that the most abstruse facts of nature are explained in perfect detail. Particles smaller than visible light wavelength are measured and classified, the age of universe is estimated, and abstract ideas in math so advanced that it takes years of training just to be able to imagine it. It is worth noting that each chapter represents 2000 years of knowledge. If we ignore the hardware part of computer science, then it reduces to mathematics. The math for CS is only 50 years old. The confusion is understandable. In analogy, the state of physics of ancient times is as much a science as plumbing in their time. On the other hand, it is very likely that CS 50 years from today will be so advanced to be barely recognizable.
The author's comments are mainly about human psychology towards software. He discusses or summarizes people's habits in programing, language productivity statistics, preference of syntax, small vs large languages, pitfalls of object oriented programing…etc. These issues are of superficial nature in CS. As an analogy, compare: “A Study on Cancer Patients with Pets” vs “New Findings about Cancer”. The only real progress in CS in the long run is by solving math problems. The short term solution is to educate programers. Teach them algorithms, algebra, symbolic logic, discrete math, or even scientific philosophy. Teach them to think independently and logically, so the quality of the corporate programer as a whole can be improved, and the worse-is-better pest can decrease.
If we ask “Did he do a good job on the topic as is?”, and my answer would be “No”. In the subject of human psychology to software technology, there are nobler approaches, in either scientific direction or observational. The author's comments read like crackpot's. This is especially disappointing given the fact that the author has significant training in research level math and is a prominent figure in CS.
Engineering depends on science. Computer science is a science. Let's not let plumbing muddle it.
Footnote 2: The quote is from Rich Siegel's email signature. Author of the popular Macintosh text editor BBEdit.
The above concludes my review of the book. What follows are some random rants on parts of chapter 1 of the book.
He makes heavy use of analogy of building designer Christopher Alexander's criticism in architect engineering to software engineering. This parallelism is employed fanatically, where Alexander's every principle and ideas in building design are forced to have a counterpart in software engineering. And the author goes to great effort to explain the parallelism. Scientific principles are pushed aside in favor of new-age style reasoning.
The section “Reuse versus Compression” in chapter 1 expresses the author's opinion that the quality and purpose of inheritance in OOP is better thought of as “compression” than reuse. This is really a bad choice of term because “compression” does have a technical meaning in information theory. Even ignoring that, the author's meaning attached to compression is ill-advised. He thinks compression is a better term because code reuse through inheritance is basically accomplished by a referencing scheme, so that classes and instances in lower hierarchy are defined in terms of their parents. Thus, a particular module (class) is merely a _compressed_ way of writing the module as a stand-along entity. He uses an analogy in poetry to illustrate compression, saying that poetry is an example of compression. This is inept because the analogy is logically clashing. Poetry is an expression of human qualities (emotion). The “compression” is at best an effect, not intent. There can be (or exists) poetry that are based on redundancy.
The reason of citing “compression” is never made crispy clear, but it seems to be a support of his argument that OOP's promise of reusability is at best not a complete solution, because it is actually more or less a method of “compression”.
In “Habitability and Piecemeal Growth”, “Habitability” roughly refers to familiarity and comfort. That is, a programing language or paradigm is habitable if it would be comfortable for any _average_ programer to understand and use. It should not require sophistication or abstraction. For example, in C, there is a sense of directness: codes can be copy-pasted or modified with confidence and without concerns for screwing up other parts (because there's little structure). While this is less so in an abstract or structured setting, which usually requires certain prerequisites (computing model or architect of the project). Thus, C is very habitable and supports piecemeal growth, while Lisp is not. There is certain sense of holistic outlook here. _Average_ programers are emphasized, not elite or sophisticates. Comfort and naturalness is emphasized. Not established disciplines.
Reading “The Quality Without a Name”, a tsunami of aversion is flowing through my vein. Here, the _Quality Without a Name_ refers to a quality without a name. This is where one picks up Zen lessons. What is the _Quality without a name_? Well, as the name implies, it's self-explanatory. Some helpful synonyms would be: (quote from the book) “alive, whole, comfortable, free, exact, egoless, and eternal. I'll go through all of them to try to explain the quality without a name”. This _Quality without a name_ will be applied to programs. _Perhaps_ you get the idea.
… “Patterns Languages”, “the Failure of Pattern Languages”, “the Bead game, Rugs, and Beauty”… Unread.
If you read between the lines, these are not exactly praises for a Nobel-prize class book. Favorable, to be sure. I wonder to what extent a prominent figure have pressure or psychological influence on his reviewers.
It is tempting to speculate how a founder of Common Lisp and a respected expert in AI could have written such a trashy book. (not counting the autobiography part) Perhaps the book is hastily written as hinted in the Preface. Perhaps I inappropriately expected to learn something technical and specific from the book. As I re-read the Preface, it is possible to infer that the author intend the book to be no more than a rambling from an old cynic. I hope it is true, that this book is a mere negative outpouring of one's life-long frustrations, and that deep in Dr. Gabriel's heart he is still a proponent for The Right Thing.
A common reaction to my review was that: If it is so bad, why write such an elaborate review? I wrote it spontaneously. My motivations are probably: as a writing exercise, boredom, want to broadcast my hatred for the book (especially so because I had a high esteem for the author and I'm a cynic myself.) A few notes turned into paragraphs turned into a full review with my own opinions that were buried in me for long.
© 1998 by Xah Lee. This document may be distributed freely provided that it is distributed in whole and not modified in any way.


What tools are required to make a frame?
The list can be endless and there's always a new tool on the market that will make things easier. Often, though, much of what you need can be found in or around the home.
Last, but not least, although it's not a tool, a good solid flat bench makes things so much easier. Ideally the work surface should be around about your "hip height". Even worse, trying to work on the floor can be back breaking.


- Protests in Oromia started in November when the government announced a plan to expand the capital - a city-state - into the surrounding Oromia region.
- Many Oromos saw that as a plan to remove them from fertile farmland. The scheme has since been dropped, but the unrest spread as demonstrators called for the release of political prisoners and for wider freedoms.
- In the Amhara region, demonstrations began over the status of a district - Welkait - that was once part of Amhara but was incorporated into the neighbouring Tigrayan region more than 20 years ago. Those demonstrations have since widened.
- The ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front is a multi-ethnic coalition made up of four parties. The opposition and political analysts, though, say it is dominated by the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front.
Two buildings were damaged in the blaze, while nine prisoners and police were being treated for injuries, Fana reported. The remaining inmates have reportedly been moved to other facilities.
The government has denied that violence by the security forces is systemic, though a government spokesman told Al Jazeera recently that police officers "sometimes take the law into their own hands", and pledged an independent investigation.


Reese's life forever changed the day thousands of birds started throwing themselves at airplanes, causing countless crashes. Stuck far from home and with all the planes grounded, she and David, her longtime crush make their way home to San Francisco in a rental car. But when birds strike their car, they careened right off the road and everything went black. Waking up in strange hospital a month later, Reese feels strange, which is only compounded when she returns home. Nothing is the same, especially with her own body as she starts to miraculously heal at an extremely accelerated rate. As she and David try to get to the bottom of things, what they find will be so shocking and so rooted in conspiracy there won't be any escape.
Before I start this paragraph I feel the need to state that I don't have a problem with homosexuality. Granted seeing it does tend to make me a little uncomfortable, but that's my own issue not theirs, and I would never say anything negative towards their rights. That being said, I had an issue with those elements in this book. Not because they were there, but because it just didn't feel natural or realistic and as a result had my guards up that it would become a "cause" book. Looking back, I don't think that was the case, but it still bothered me the way things were handled. Granted Reese had never dated before Amber came along, but that was more due to a fear of love and attachment rather than any lack of desire for boys. In fact, before she met Amber she had a rather large attraction to David despite the fact that she didn't want to. So, it caught me and her quite off guard when all of a sudden she was gangbusters for a girl. Granted, I probably would have still been rather confused if she had of suddenly switched her attentions to a different guy, but at least that would have still been more inline with her original attraction preference. I do realize that I could be completely off base in how different sexualities work and how sudden they can change, but regardless of that I just couldn't believe the romance making it rather frustrating to me. To make matters worse things wound up turning into a twisted love triangle mess, that just didn't seem necessary. I guess things would have been a whole lot more enjoyable and believable if Amber's role had been a very good friend rather than an impromptu lover in the middle.
I love sci-fi movies, but I typically try and stay away from that genre in books, unless the description really grabs me like this one did. I don't know why, but books just don't seem to get the same "pass" for believability that I give to movies. I just get so frustrated when things don't really mesh up to what is truly believable, especially in relation to how the Government would behave about something sensitive. I'm sorry but they are all about top secret stuff staying that way, so if anything or anyone would threaten that security, you can't tell me that they wouldn't be all over sealing the leak by any means necessary. I guess it just boiled down to me rolling my eyes one too many times at the credibility of the events as my frustration mounted.
Even though this review shows a great deal of frustrations, I was intrigued enough by the story to make it the whole way through the book without too many distractions. This is another one of those times where I wish I rated in half increments as I'm stuck between a 2 and a 3. Since I will more than likely read the next installment to see where things lead, I'll round up to the three and chalk my issues up to a rocky beginning. Also, it should be noted that since a lot of the frustrations I had were due to believability issues, that some of them could be attributed to my mood while reading it. There are times when I'm much more forgiving of unrealistic things and able to go with the flow, but other times my mood just won't allow it. So, depending on your own preferences, Adaptation may just be a much better read for you.


I have to make some changes in HOMER for analysis using a flexible photovoltaic panels?
HOMER can model a flexible PV panel if it is installed on a flat surface so that it has a single orientation that you can describe with a single slope and azimuth. But if the panel wraps around some structure so that different parts of it point in different directions, then HOMER cannot model it because it cannot model multiple orientations.


Questions about example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピーチ"
「知っておいた方がいい」means You had better know it.
What is the difference between 演説 and スピーチ ?
When we say 演説, we typically associate it with a political speech. On the other hand, スピーチ is just a speech.
How do you say this in Japanese? とおかったので、 スピーチの声が聞こえなかった。 正しいですか?
Please show me how to pronounce 今度のスピーチ大会に参加するにしろしないにしろ、早く決めたほうがいい。.
スピーチ大会に参加したいです。ネイティブチェックをお願いします〜 春にしか見えない桜や静岡県の周辺にしか見えない富士山と違って、鳥居はいつでも、日本のどこでも見られるものです。また精神的なもの... does this sound natural?
スピーチ大会に参加したいです、ネイティブチェックをお願いいたします。^_^ また鳥居は、神社などにおいて神域と人間が住む俗界を区画するものであり、神域への入口を示す日本の神道文化に深くかかわる... does this sound natural?
スピーチ大会に参加したいです！ネイティブチェックをお願いいたします〜 「３・２・１」 カットダウンが終わってから、花嫁であった私から花束をもらったのは、麻央ちゃんという日本人の女の子でした。... does this sound natural?
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "チームワーク"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "ネイティブ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "宿題"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "鳥居"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "擽る"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパイラル"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパゲッティ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパゲティ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパルタ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパルタ式"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スパンコール"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピッツ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピナ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピーカ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピーカー"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピーディー"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スピード"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "酢豚"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スプリング"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スプレー"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スプン"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "スプーン"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "すべ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "すべからく"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "すべすべ"