I'm using git with my team and would like to remove whitespace changes from my diffs, logs, merges, etc. I'm assuming that the easiest way to do this would be for git to automatically remove trailing whitespace (and other whitespace errors) from all commits as they are applied.
I have tried to add the following to by ~/.gitconfig file but it doesn't do anything when I commit. Maybe it's designed for something different. What's the solution?
I'm using ruby in case anyone has any ruby specific ideas. Automatic code formatting before committing would be the next step, but that's a hard problem and not really causing a big problem.
apply.whitespace: and strip them, but only during patch, not "always automatically"
temporarily: git commit --no-verify .
Committing in Git with only some changes added to the staging area still results in an “atomic” revision that may never have existed as a working copy and may not work.
For instance, oldman proposes in another answer a pre-commit hook which detects and remove whitespace.
Since that hook get the file name of each file, I would recommend to be careful for certain type of files: you don't want to remove trailing whitespace in .md (markdown) files!
You can trick Git into fixing the whitespace for you, by tricking Git into treating your changes as a patch. In contrast to the "pre-commit hook" solutions, these solutions add whitespace-fixing commands to Git.
The following Git aliases are taken from my ~/.gitconfig.
By "robust" I mean that these aliases run without error, doing the right thing, regardless of whether the tree or index are dirty. However, they don't work if an interactive git rebase -i is already in progress; see my ~/.gitconfig for additional checks if you care about this corner case, where the git add -e trick described at the end should work.
If you want to run them directly in the shell, without creating a Git alias, just copy and paste everything between the double quotes (assuming your shell is Bash like).
# the tree is dirty.
# from being fixed. So, we first check that the index is dirty.
The idea is to run git fixws before git commit if you have whitespace errors in the index.
# '--keep-empty' makes Git not fix the whitespace :P).
These versions are easier to copy and paste, but they don't do the right thing if their side conditions are not met.
Before I learned about the git rebase --whitespace=fix trick from this answer I was using the more complicated git add trick everywhere.
This tells Git to fix whitespace in patches.
Hit a+enterto select all changes for each file. You'll get a warning about Git fixing your whitespace errors.
(git -c color.ui=auto diff at this point reveals that your non-indexed changes are exactly the whitespace errors).
The GIT_EDITOR=: means to use : as the editor, and as a command : is the identity.
I found a git pre-commit hook that removes trailing whitespace.
Save this file as .git/hooks/pre-commit -- or look for the one that's already there, and paste the bottom chunk somewhere inside it. And remember to chmod a+x it too.
Or for global use (via Git commit hooks - global settings) you can put it in $GIT_PREFIX/git-core/templates/hooks (where GIT_PREFIX is /usr or /usr/local or /usr/share or /opt/local/share) and run git init inside your existing repos.
Running git init in an existing repository is safe. It will not overwrite things that are already there. The primary reason for rerunning git init is to pick up newly added templates.
I'd rather leave this task to your favorite editor.
Just set a command to remove trailing spaces when saving.
I wrote this pre-commit hook, which only removes the trailing white-space from the lines which you've changed/added, since the previous suggestions tend to create unreadable commits if the target files have too much trailing white-space.
Please try my pre-commit hooks, it can auto detect trailing-whitespace and remove it. Thank you!
it can work under GitBash(windows), Mac OS X and Linux!
$ git commit -am "test"
auto remove trailing whitespace in foobar/main.m!
auto remove trailing whitespace in foobar/AppDelegate.m!
OK, this is a new tack on solving this problem… My approach is to not use any hooks, but rather use filters and git attributes. What this allows you to do, is setup, on each machine you develop on, a set of filters that will strip extra trailing white space and extra blank lines at the end of files before committing them. Then setup a .gitattributes file that says which types of files the filter should be applied to. The filters have two phases, clean which is applied when adding files to the index, and smudge which is applied when adding them to the working directory.
The require = true causes an error to be raised if something goes wrong, to keep you out of trouble.
Please forgive me if my language concerning git is imprecise. I think I have a fairly good grasp of the concepts but am still learning the terminology.
the for-loop for files uses the $IFS shell variable. in the given script, filenames with a character in them that also is in the $IFS-variable will be seen as two different files in the for-loop. This script fixes it: multiline-mode modifier as given sed-manual doesn't seem to work by default on my ubuntu box, so i sought for a different implemenation and found this with an iterating label, essentially it will only start substitution on the last line of the file if i've understood it correctly.
# only use new-line character as seperator, introduces EOL-bug?
 sed-subsition pattern: How can I replace a newline (\n) using sed? .
Set following properly in you Setting-User configuration.
and it removes all whitespace only from lines of files that git reports as a diff.
Slightly late but since this might help someone out there, here goes.
This pretty much did it for me. It's tedious if you have a lot of files to edit. But I found it easier than pre-commit hooks and working with multiple editors.
This probably won't directly solve your problem, but you might want to set those via git-config in your actual project space, which edits ./.git/config as opposed to ~/.gitconfig. Nice to keep the settings consistent among all project members.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged git whitespace githooks or ask your own question.
What's the difference between `git add .` and `git add -u`?
How to know if there is a git rebase in progress?
How to turn removing whitespaces off for some files in Sublime Text 2?


The Andaman and Nicobar Islands was first discovered by British people in 1789. At that time the island was occupied by six tribal groups. When people started to immigrate from Bangladesh, Burma and Srilanka, the Island now occupies only five primitive tribal groups.
We can classify the people of Andaman into two main groups namely, Indigenous or Aborigines and Immigrants or Settlers. The aborigines of Andaman Island include Great Andamanese, Onges, Jarawas and Sentinelese.
The Great Andamanese tribe is one of the Negrito tribes that originated from Africa nearly 60,000 years ago. This was one of the largest tribe before the establishment of the Penal Settlement in Andaman Islands. The tribe which had a population of nearly 10,000 people in 1700 later reduced to just 19. This was mainly due to contagious diseases like influenza. The administration came forward to protect and preserve the culture of these tribal people. They provided shelter and food to Andamanese and rehabilitated them to a small island named Strait Island. Their traditional food items are fish, dugong, turtle, turtle eggs, crabs, roots and tubers. The tribal people also eat octopus, mollusks, turban shell, scorpion shell, sundial, helmet, trochus and screw shell. Vegetable cultivation and poultry farming are their current activities.
Onges is one of the most primitive tribes that belong to the Negrito racial stock. At present the tribe has only 105 people. To retain this tribal group, the administration has taken many important steps. This Hunting and Gathering tribe is currently settled at the Dugong Creek and South Bay of Little Andaman Island. The Andaman administration has provided them with pucca hut type houses, food, clothes, education and medicines. The people of this tribe fully depend on nature for their food, but laziness and dependent nature are their biggest enemies. They are good in making canoes.
Jarawa tribes inhabited the South Andaman Islands and the Western Coast of Middle Andaman Islands. Though the tribal people restrict themselves to the jungle dwellings, recently some the tribe members started mingling with people of nearby villages. The main language of the tribe is jarawa, but the regular contact with outside people helped them to understand certain Hindi words. Because of spreading diseases like measles, the tribe members are currently restricted to 400 in number. They have smooth skin, deep curly hair, long and sturdy hands and legs and sturdy bones. These healthy features make them physically fit in hunting and fishing. Their traditional food includes wild boar, turtles and its egg, crabs, fruits and honey.
The Sentinelese of North Sentinental Island are the only Paleolithic people surviving in the current world. Like jarawas they are also friendly to outsiders. These tribal people lead their life by fishing and hunting in the deep forest. They fish in the coastal waters with bows and arrows and hunt wild pigs in the North Sentinel Island. The expected population of Sentinelese is nearly 100.
Another group of people found in Andaman and Nicobar Island is the Shompens. They belong to the Monoloid race. A major group of Shompens live in the Alexendra and the Galathia river areas, while a smaller division of Mawa Shompens is living close to the coastal region. This tribal people are physically very weak and their population has shrunken due to various diseases.
It is really interesting to know about tribal people, their culture and customs. Lots of information related to different tribal people and their culture is available on the worldwide web connected to service from providers like FiOS Internet .
Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India and lies in the Bay of Bengal. Port Blair is the capital city. Andaman and Nicobar consist of about 527 islands. The coastline of the Islands stretches for about 100 Kilometers. Of the total land area 92% of the land is covered with rain forests.
As a freelancer, Ann is interested in writing about different tribal group and their special customs and culture. Worldwide web linked to FiOS Internet helps her to collect information related to different tribal people around the world.


Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
"No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction," he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
"We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends," Dr Baum went on. "We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass."
B) all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out.
2. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?
A) Because he needed to present it with a council’s diploma.
C) Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.
D) Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
D) We should destroy all the built-up areas.


“Soha nem láttam még ennyi embert a meccsen!” Mi teszi ezt a mondatot olyan erőteljessé? A struktúra: a mondat elején megjelenő tagadás. Az angol nyelv egy kicsit más: a szavak sorrendje kódolva van. A tagadás az alany után jön. Vagy mégsem?
Létezik az angolban olyan szerkezet, ami ki tudja emelni a tagadó gondolatot? Létezik igen. Haladó angol nyelvtan következik, de egyszerű példákkal és magyarázattal. Hajrá, tanulj igazán magas szintű nyelvtant, akár kezdőként is.
Hiya! Let’s examine today how negative structures work. Here we go.
I have never seen so many cars in the city.
Never have I seen so many cars in the city.
As a child, I never ate in restaurants. As a child, never did I eat in restaurants.
If you open the sentence with a negative word, you have to continue in an inverted form. That looks like a question which is why we say: ‘never have I…’, ‘never did I …’, ’never will I…’ etc.
I didn’t see a film last week.
Not one film did I see last week.
Not one textbook will I open during the holidays.
Not one apple has he ever tasted.
I didn’t know about my test results until I phoned my mentor.
Not until I asked my mentor did I know my test results.
Not until I see him will I form an opinion about him.
Not until 2012 did my brother return from abroad etc.
Under no circumstances are you allowed to enter the area.
In no way will I share my room with him.
Now, why would you use this structure? Let’s do a simple experiment (or test, if you like). Which of the two sentences do you find more powerful?
I have never seen so many fans at a football match.
Never have I seen so many fans at a football match.
The second one definitely sounds more powerful. Why is that? Because a negative word is always strong; also, the opening word in a sentence shows importance. So, if you begin a sentence with a negative word, it’s a very powerful opening.
And with that said, we’re gonna end our mini-lesson there. Now go, practise. See you soon.
NextAngol nyelvtan 06: negatív szerkezetek 2.


Question: Does principle 4.1 of the Manifesto prohibit use of if-then syntax to express rules?
Rules should be expressed declaratively in natural-language sentences for the business audience.
Question: What is the sense of "cannot be expressed" in Manifesto principle 4.2?
If something cannot be expressed, then it is not a rule.
The intended sense is "can't be put into words" or "there's no way to say it". If you can't communicate it, it simply doesn't count.
Question: What kind of 'statements' is the Manifesto referring to in principle 4.3?
A set of statements is declarative only if the set has no implicit sequencing.
The Manifesto means any kind of expression, starting with, but not limited to, the statements found in application programs coded in procedural languages.
Question: Under principle 4.3 of the Manifesto, when is a set of statements not declarative?
Any set of statements whose evaluation produces a different result when the statements are listed in a different sequence is not a set of declarative rules.
Question: Why does Manifesto principle 4.4 maintain that "constructs other than terms and facts imply assumptions about a system implementation"?
Any statements of rules that require constructs other than terms and facts imply assumptions about a system implementation.
Rules expressed purely on the basis of terms and facts (predicates) can be evaluated using formal logic, which assumes no particular kind of system implementation. Any other construct implies bias toward some class of platform or implementation scheme. If rules are shaped by any system concern whatsoever, they are less able to be understood or validated in their right, and less easily redeployed.
Question: What is the sense of "enforcement" in Manifesto principle 4.5?
A rule is distinct from any enforcement defined for it. A rule and its enforcement are separate concerns.
The intended sense is "means of ..." or "method of ..." or "approach to ..." enforcement.


How many times do we march through life without noticing all the blessings that surround us? Sometimes we go days and weeks without thinking, even for a moment, about all the wonderful, amazing parts of our lives. On the other hand, we certainly seem to have no problem noticing all of the problems and disappointments that surround us. And we remember each and every one of these problems in excruciating detail.
Our problems are rarely overlooked or forgotten. But, noticing all of the beautiful and wonderful parts of our lives is something that we tend to forget. How interesting. We are livid about the long line at the grocery store.
We rant and rave that we can't find a parking place. And those stupid drivers that pull out right in front of us.the blood begins to boil just thinking about it! Sometimes it seems like we're cursed. And complaining is the only thing to do.
In fact, there's probably nothing that we do better. But, what about all the blessings in our lives? Why don't we ever take the time to truly notice all of the small joys in our day? We have gotten into bad habits. We have conditioned our minds to notice all the problems that we face. And we have conditioned our minds to simply take for granted the blessings and small satisfactions in our lives.
And like most habits, this one can be broken. There are concrete ways to bring more gratitude into your life. And even better, as you bring more gratitude into your life, you will notice that there are indeed countless blessings all around you.
There was an amazing study conducted by Emmons and McCollough on gratitude. They essentially proved that gratitude can be learned. They had a control group write down simple things that they were grateful for every single day for three weeks. The results were astounding! Of course everyone in the study felt a deeper sense of gratefulness for all that was in their lives. But, there were so many other, wonderful side effects from this experiment.
Each person in the study noticed an increase in the following areas of their life: - Optimism - Achievement of goals - Alertness - Enthusiasm - Contentment - Better sleep Each person in the study noticed a decrease in these following areas of their life: - Sadness - Anger - Bitterness - Jealousy - Lethargy - Boredom This study made two important discoveries. First of all, the whole area of gratitude can be learned. It is not just something that you are born with. It is not just something that you either have or you don't. You can easily learn to add gratitude to your life. Another important discovery is that gratitude produces so many additional positive results in your life.
The effects of adding a grateful attitude to your life will multiply your happiness tenfold! Most importantly, gratitude will change your outlook on life. Instead of focusing on the negative parts of your life, you will begin to retrain your mind. Dwelling on gratitude will begin to literally reverse your thinking. Instead of simply noticing the rude driver that cut you off, you will focus on the beautiful, sunny day. And instead of fuming that there isn't a close parking place, you will enjoy a brisk walk into the store. And you may even exchange a friendly "hello" with someone on your way.
The point is that you will soon feel the benefits of noticing all of the beauty that is constantly a part of your life when gratitude is embedded in your thinking. Of course, at first you will have to remind yourself constantly to focus on the positives. But, after a while, it will become second nature.
The easiest and most powerful way to add a sense of gratitude to your life is to invest in a journal. (You can buy your own, or simply use a spiral notebook.) You will develop the habit of using 5 minutes every evening to reflect on your blessings. As I said before, this may not come easy at first.
When you start mentally reviewing your day you may instinctively focus on the negative parts. You may only remember the spilled cup of coffee, the fight with your son and the traffic jam on the way home from work. But think! Think deeper. There were small blessings in your day. No question about it.
If you look at the last page of this course, you will notice that I have compiled a list of things that I am grateful for from my own gratitude journal. You will notice that most of my items are small pleasures. I often feel grateful for the quick kiss from my daughter when she leaves for school. After three weeks of consciously noticing the blessings that surround you, your life will change. You will not look at the world the same anymore. You will suddenly begin to focus on the small parts of your life that you appreciate.
You will smile more. You will have a lighter heart. It's an amazing process that you must try for yourself. You will not believe the transformation in your life. Gratitude is not something that just magically appears into our lives.
It is something that needs to be practiced a bit each day. Only then will gratitude begin to appear in our hearts. About 10 years ago, my mom bought me a journal for my birthday.
When I opened it up, it was a gratitude journal that had 5 lines for every day of the year. I was supposed to write 5 things that I was grateful for every day. I had not yet read research on the power of a grateful heart, but I was willing to give it a try. Like most people I plowed through my life without much concern for all the constant blessings that surrounded me. But, I didn't seem to have much of a problem noticing all of the rough edges in my life.
I noticed the pile of bills that needed to be paid, the car that needed to get into the shop, and the laundry that never seemed to get done. There was never a lack of problems for me to focus on. Now, don't get me wrong, there were times that I was grateful: the birth of my children, a wonderful new job, a special night with a friend.but, these experiences were far and few between. They only happened every few months.
So aside from my special events, I really took little notice of the other blessings in my life. I remember the first time that I sat down to write in my gratitude journal. I sat and sat and tried to think of some big event that had happened to me that day.
Nothing came to mind. Then I started worrying that I couldn't think of anything to write down. I couldn't even think of one thing. How was I going to think of five? So, I actually put it away for a few days.
Meanwhile, I would occasionally think about that journal. I would think about what I could possibly write down. The next time that I took it out I wrote down five things: my children, my husband, my parents, my sisters and my friends. Good for me! The next day, I wrote down the same five things.
Obviously, there was a shortage in my creative thinking at the moment. I thought to myself that this seemed kind of pointless to just write the same thing every day. But, what else was I grateful for? And then it clicked.
I suddenly remembered the feeling that I had that same morning as I sat down on my living room couch with a good book and a cup of coffee. I was grateful for those fifteen minutes of reading and coffee. And suddenly, so much began to flood into my mind. I was grateful for the ten minutes that I cuddled with my dog. I was grateful for the sunny day. I was grateful as I looked at my beautiful garden.
After a few days, writing down my five areas of gratitude became second nature. And yes, after a few weeks, my life did change. Instead of rushing through life without notice, I began to actually see all of the beauty around me. Sure, I was still annoyed by my pile of bills, the broken car, and the unending laundry. But, I began to notice the small blessings. I noticed how much abundance was really in my life.
And I developed a grateful heart. Your life will also change as you put aside your problems and focus on your blessings.


As part of GiveWell’s work to support the creation of future top charities, in April of 2018, IDinsight received a GiveWell Incubation Grant (GIG) of $1,196,729 to support the work of IDinsight's "GiveWell embedded team." This is a renewal of a May 2017 grant, at a similar level of funding, to support research that could lead to new top charities or otherwise influence our recommended allocations.
IDinsight previously received GIGs in June 2016 and October 2016.
Either a) a larger-scale survey of the beneficiaries of our top charities to inform our approach to moral weights; or, if we decide not to scale that work up, b) a vitamin A deficiency survey.
Conducting a deep assessment of the quality of the Against Malaria Foundation (AMF)'s monitoring.
We don't feel we're yet in a position to evaluate the impact of the bulk of IDinsight's work for us so far, since its major research projects are still in progress. However, we expect to have a better sense in about a year of how impactful this work has been overall.
The probability of different levels of cost-effectiveness for marginal giving opportunities to our top charities. While our forecasts are rough, we estimate an 85% chance that marginal dollars directed to our top charities next year will be spent at around 5x cash (roughly as cost-effective as AMF),3 a 10% chance they'll be spent at around 2x cash, and a 5% chance they'll be spent at around 10x cash.4 We hope to refine these estimates in the future.
The amount of money that would be reallocated if New Incentives and/or Charity Science Health turn out to be cost-effective giving opportunities. We currently estimate that we would reallocate between $20 million and $50 million to these organizations total (e.g., by reallocating between $4 million and $10 million per year over five years, which seems plausible to us).
These models don't include the costs of implementing New Incentives' and Charity Science Health's programs in the field (see "Remaining issues with our models" below).
Beneficiary preferences survey: There is limited information available about how people living in poverty in low-income countries would make some of the kinds of tradeoffs involved our cost-effectiveness models (e.g., how to value averting deaths at different ages, how to value averting death vs. improving income, etc.). We discuss the relevant literature on this question that we are aware of in this report. We expect IDinsight's survey to be a valuable input to our funding allocation decisions, and to help us make and explain some of the judgment calls in our cost-effective analyses.
AMF monitoring: We have previously written about issues with AMF's approach to monitoring its programs. We expect this research project to substantially improve our understanding and potentially lead to improvements in AMF's monitoring. Spending around $500,000 to get better information about the core monitoring of a charity to which we've directed about $110 million seems reasonable to us from a learning and assessment perspective.
They treat IDinsight's evaluations as potentially causing major updates to our views on the cost-effectiveness of the programs evaluated. In practice, our current best guess is that New Incentives (for example) is about as cost-effective as AMF, so there is a decent chance that the RCT results will only update our view moderately. However, because GiveWell would not recommend New Incentives or Charity Science Health as top charities without these RCTs, this evaluative work would still arguably be causally responsible for the reallocation of funding to those charities.
Which projects were the focus of the grant, and what were the outcomes?
Do the New Incentives and Charity Science Health RCTs seem to have been worthwhile investments?
Did the beneficiary preferences survey affect the moral weights inputted by GiveWell staff to our CEA? Did GiveWell publish a blog post on this work?
Did the AMF monitoring project produce valuable information, and did GiveWell publish this information in some form (e.g. a blog post)?
Does the impact of IDinsight's work so far warrant renewing our funding at a similar level next year?
GiveWell, IDinsight BOTEC, sheet "Main", cell B10.
See GiveWell, IDinsight BOTEC, sheet "Main," cells E2 and E3; see also sheets "New NI BOTEC" and "New CSH BOTEC" for our cost-effectiveness models of New Incentives and Charity Science Health, respectively.
See our January 2018 cost-effectiveness model, "Results" sheet, for our current estimates of our top charities' cost-effectiveness vs. cash.
See GiveWell, Forecasting RFMF, Sheet "Josh," rows 3 through 11, for our 80% credible intervals for each of our top charities' room for more funding (RFMF) for each year through 2021. These estimates are based partially on this year's RFMF and partially on intuitive judgments based on our understanding of each charity. Taking into account these estimates and our rough predictions of GiveWell's money moved over the next few years, we think it's reasonable to predict a ~10% chance that at least $20 million per year would end up being spent at ~2x cash if we didn't end up funding New Incentives and Charity Science Health. However, we believe these estimates could easily change with further work.
GiveWell, IDinsight BOTEC, sheet "New NI BOTEC", rows 5 through 7.
GiveWell, IDinsight BOTEC, sheet "New CSH BOTEC", rows 5 through 7.
GiveWell, IDinsight BOTEC, sheet "IDi VAD BOTEC", cell K13. Note that this is a version of the analysis that contains edits from IDinsight, since we believe there was an error in our older version of the analysis.
The rationale for excluding these costs is that our current best guess puts the direct costs of these charities' programs at roughly as cost-effective as AMF, so we don't expect funding directed to those costs vs. to our top charities to impact our overall cost-effectiveness estimates of these RCT projects significantly. However, that assumption may turn out to be incorrect, and we might refine this piece of our model. This assumption would generally bias us toward spending more on evaluations even when implementation is expensive, and it doesn't take into account potential tradeoffs between funding evaluation projects and funding other potential GIGs (in the event that the GIG program overall becomes funding constrained at some point).
For example, we remain uncertain about the likelihood of there being different levels of funding gaps at our top charities and/or future opportunities, and we think it's possible our estimates could change substantially with further work.


Md5 Converter Tool Is A Widely Used Cryptographic Hash Function It Produce 16 Byte Hash Value Which Is Typical In Expressing Expressed In A Text Format - Converter Hash Generator, Message Digest Tool , Encryption , Decryption What is SHA-256 hash? SHA-256 is a member of the SHA-2 cryptographic hash functions designed by the NSA. SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm. Cryptographic hash functions are mathematical operations run on digital data; by comparing the computed "hash" (the output from execution of the algorithm) to a known and expected hash value, a person can determine the data's integrity. A one-way hash can be generated from any piece of data, but the data cannot be generated from the hash.


Like almost every state in America, Oklahoma law requires those who drive motor vehicles to have automobile liability insurance. The purpose of liability insurance is to give financial protection to a driver who harms another person or their property. Liability insurance covers injuries to third parties and their property, but it does not cover the at-fault driver's damages. If you have been in a car accident that was not your fault, then you should be aware of the car insurance limits of the other driver.
These are only the minimum requirements that each driver is required to carry by law. Drivers can purchase liability insurance with limits that are much higher than the minimum coverage. How do insurance liabilities impact you in the event of an Oklahoma car accident? First, you must understand that Oklahoma follows a fault-based system.
An insurance scheme that is said to be "fault-based" generally means the insurance carrier of the person who is at-fault is responsible for paying the claims of the other driver, up to the amount applicable in the at-fault driver's policy. For example, if the first driver runs a stop sign and strikes the second driver, the first driver is said to be at-fault. The first driver's insurance carrier is therefore responsible for paying the second driver's property and personal injuries. The at-fault driver's carrier must pay at least the amount set at the state minimums, which are at least $25,000 for property damage.
The insurance carrier undertakes an investigation before it agrees to pay compensation to anyone who suffers injuries or property damage in an accident. The insurance carrier is trying to determine whether its policyholder is at fault, meaning that they caused the accident. Since the insurance carrier must first investigate the accident, there is quite often a delay in obtaining compensation after an accident.
An insurance carrier is only responsible for paying the amount of coverage in the at-fault driver's policy. If a person is injured and their damages are more than the amount provided for in the other driver's insurance policy, then the person can sue the other driver personally to pay for the rest. So for example, if Driver 1 suffers $75,000 in damages because Driver 2 ran a stop sign, and Driver 2's insurance policy only covers the minimum required under the law, then Driver 1 will need to sue Driver 2 for the additional $50,000 which is not covered under the at-fault driver's minimum policy.
It is often difficult to collect money in a lawsuit from an at-fault motorist, since an at-fault driver may not have enough assets to cover the judgment. At-fault drivers often declare bankruptcy or delay payment over several years. This problem is exacerbated when the other driver is uninsured. Some insurance liability policies will cover some of your damages when the other driver is uninsured or your damages exceed the motorist's policy limits. Understanding your insurance coverage and adding uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage is a good way to ensure your losses are covered.
When you are injured in a car accident, you have options. The first option is to file a claim with the other driver's insurance company. The insurance carrier will not pay your claim unless they investigate and determine that the other motorist is at fault. You can also choose to file a claim directly with your own insurance provider. If you have coverage against an uninsured or underinsured motorist, then it makes sense to file a claim.
The other option is to consult with a lawyer and file a lawsuit against the person who caused the accident. Lawsuits are a good option when there is a complex case with serious injuries that seems to be stalled during the claims investigation process.
Communicating with insurance companies is tricky and having an attorney will help you achieve resolution faster. By consulting with an Oklahoma car crash attorney, you will receive advice about how much you can obtain and which options make the most sense. Contact an Oklahoma car accident lawyer to find out more. Contact our law firm today, or call 405-542-2529 (542-CLAW) and one of our attorneys will speak with you about your case. Read more about our team, or continue reading and researching our free legal information library, or enter live chat.


This step uses: Your favorite sweater, a ruler, sharpie, scissors and poster boards.
- Locate your favorite sweater and lay it flat on the poster board with the back side down.
- Use a ruler for a clean trace around the torso until you reach an armpit. Fold in the sleeve along the seam and trace along the curve until you reach the shoulder.
- Repeat the process along the back of the neck line until you reach the other seam at the shoulder.
- Repeat the process for the other shoulder/armpit.
- To create the front panel pattern, fold the sweater in half and repeat the above process. from above.
Note: Trace only one folded side since this piece can simply be flipped later when tracing onto the fabric.
- Draw a diagonal line from the outside edge to the top edge to close the pocket pattern.
- Cut all of the above pieces out.
This step uses: Vest and pocket patterns, scissors, sharpie, canvas, Mylar and quilted liner.
- Begin by tracing the back and front vest panel patterns onto your canvas.
- On another free piece of canvas, trace two front pocket patterns and one inner pocket.
- For the Left and right panel, use the front panel twice by tracing one side and then flipping it to create the opposite side.
- Cut out all pieces leaving approximately one 1/2 inch around the perimeter of the tracing.
- Trace the back panel and front panels onto the quilted liner and remember: For the Left and right panel, remember to trace once then flip the panel pattern to create the opposite side.
Note: This material is tricky to cut. Scissors will work, but a rolling cutter will improve the speed and accuracy of the cut.
"left and right flip" front panel approach from the previous steps.
- Cut out the shape but this time, take it in an inch. You will not be attaching this using a sewing machine as the material does not puncture easily.
This step requires: A hard surface or jewelers anvil, the canvas shell, canvas pocket pieces, iron, sewing machine, copper rivets, hole punch, ball peen (or regular) hammer and pliers with wire cutters.
- Iron all canvas panels and pockets.
- Fold all pocket pieces (including inner pocket) along the outline and press again. This should hide the lines from the trace. Remember: we gave an extra 1/2" on each piece.
- Place inner pocket aside.
- Pin the front pockets to their respective panels.
- Stitch them leaving the diagonal line open. Ensure the folded material is stitched to the panel as well.
- Pin the inner pocket to the desired quilted liner panel. Leave the top open. Ensure the folded material is stitched to the panel as well.
- Do the same for the quilted liner piece with the pocket on it.
- Place rivets through the punched holes from the inside out so that they stick out through the front of the pieces.
- Place a washer (part of the rivet kit) on the top.
- If the washer does not slide down to the base, use the pliers as a setter by placing flat on the washer and lightly tapping until the washer until settles secure at the base. Use the hard surface if required.
- The order of materials should appear in this order: Rivet base, material (front canvas or quilted liner) panel, canvas pocket, rivet washer.
- Trim the rivet leaving 1-2 millimeters using the pliers with the wire cutters.
- Using the hard surface or jewelers anvil lightly tap the area of cut copper to round it over the washer. Do not hammer straight on. Slow and steady will do the trick here.
This step uses: Canvas panels, quilted liner, sewing machine, polyester and bonded nylon thread, bobbins, quilting pins, universal sewing needles.
This step will be essentially creating two separate vests. The quilted liner and canvas will be sewn inside out. I'm using heavier thread and a single stitch on my sewing machine.
- Pin the panels together as if to make the canvas outer shell inside out. Leave the arm holes and bottom unpinned. They are not being sewn in this step.
- Stitch along traced lines on either side of the neck to the shoulder. Remember: do not stitch the arm holes.
- Stitch from the under arm down to the waist opening.
- Pin the panels together so that the sides of the fabric that are facing inward when worn are hidden. leave the arm holes unpinned. They are not being sewn in this step.
- On one side, stitch from the under arm down to the waist opening. Leave an opening approximately 2 inches long next to where the inner pocket if you are using the heating pads. This is where the power cables from the heating pads will be fed to the inner pocket.
This step uses: Quilted liner panel pieces, mylar panel pieces, heating pads, hand sewing needle and thread.
- On the inside out quilted liner, feed the power cables for the heating pads through the 2 inch opening left in the previous step.
- Leave enough slack for the cables and place in the inner pocket.
- On the heating pads I am using, they have ample perimeter material allowing for a needle and thread to penetrate without compromising the electronics. Tack the corners and tie off each one.
- I placed the heating pads so that they would line up with my outer pockets and serve as hand warmers if desired.
-Since the quilted liner is made up of several layers, I opted to only sew through the top layer.
- Feed the power button and USB cable and stitch the two inch opening closed around the wires.
Congrats! You are ready to put it all together!
Step 6: Putting It All Together!
***This step is the most important and critical step in the instructable. I've created a model and drawn lines/arrows indictating certain directions and steps to take.
The aim here is to stitch the darker side of the quilted liner and the outward facing side of the canvas shell in such a way that the vest will need to be turned inside out to reveal the pockets for the outside and the inner battery holder. Think of sewing a bag together and pulling the material through the remaining opening to hide the stitches.
inside out so that the eventual non-visible sides of the vest are outward.
- flip out the panel and stitch the dark quilted liner to the outer shell. Start at the bottom of the back where the seam from the arm pit reaches the bottom of the vest.
- Move away from the back and up to the neck line. See red arrows on model in first image and repeat across the neckline to the other panel. Continue down until you reach the mirrored side of where you start.
- Do not stitch the bottom back pieces together, arm holes or shoulders.
- Turn the vest right side out by reaching up through the bottom and pulling the neck through.
- Reach into vest and push the corners out.
- Tuck the material for the openings at the arm holes inward and pin.
- Tuck the material for the bottom opening inward and pin.
- Stitch these three openings closed. This will leave an exposed seam but it will look clean as the edge is tucked away.
1 X Awesome DIY Heated Vest!
Very good instructable. I have some pads very close to the size of those used and when the voltage is 5 volts, they draw about 1400 ma. I checked. If used with 3.7 volt lion or lipo batteries the current will be at least twice that. This is likely why there are not many of these available commercially since one pad will run down one battery is less than an hour.
Thank you for the insight. I haven't done a full time test but found it was in the neighborhood of an hour with my cellphone battery charger. In a future project I'll look into using a battery pack from a drill. the Milwaukee jackets get up to 8 hours apparently.
You can't actually change the amount of current the heating pads draw, but to lower the current you might think about using a PWM voltage controller. It'll use less power and thus lower current since it pulses the voltage on and off. And of course, this will allow control of how warm the pads get. I suspect that's how the commercial jackets work.
Thank you kindly for that info. admittedly, I'm not strong with electronics which is why I aimed for a plug and play solution. Definitely going to look into the controller. Is that what controls a trickle charge by chance?
No, a trickle charger is controlled by much simpler electronics. PWM is pulse width modulation. A device that puts out a constant voltage that pulses. Trickle charge won't work for the vest.
I recently read that 2 layers of the mylar acts as a faraday cage and blocks EMFs! Who knew!? I love your vest! Looks so cozy!
Thank you Deluges! let me know if you have any questions when you do.
Excellent project. You have definitely got my vote.
Thank you so much! It's my first crack at an instructables article.


France Proposes Bailout for Star-Crossed Credit Lyonnais : Finance: Bank has racked up losses of $10 billion, partly through Hollywood ventures. Plan faces intense opposition.
The French government unveiled a controversial plan Friday to bail out Credit Lyonnais from losses of roughly $10 billion that are blamed on mismanagement and risky loans stemming in part from its ill-fated foray into Hollywood.
Finance Minister Edmond Alphandery said the government will give the 132-year-old state-run bank--Europe's largest bank--five years to "shake off the burden of past losses" and prove itself successful enough to survive without government help.
"I'm confident in the ability and determination of this great company to get there," he said.
The bailout plan, largely leaked to the news media in advance, involves selling off about $26 billion of the bank's assets--mostly non-banking enterprises, including the Santa Monica-based Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio.
It was unclear whether Credit Lyonnais under the new structure would be able to make the case that it should not have to sell MGM by its 1997 deadline. The timetable is set by U.S. laws requiring banks to divest non-banking assets they seize.
Some officials have been quietly saying that they hoped to convince bank regulators that the deadline should be lifted because the studio is being spun off into a non-banking company. But according to the Credit Lyonnais plan, the new company would still be a subsidiary of the bank. Banking lawyers have previously said it would probably be difficult to lift the 1997 deadline if the bank in effect still controls MGM, which is being rebuilt.
A bank spokesman said Credit Lyonnais' plan to rebuild MGM before it is sold remains in place.
Credit Lyonnais seized MGM in 1992 after its former owner, Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti, defaulted on his loans. In mid-1993, the bank hired former Paramount Pictures Chairman Frank Mancuso as MGM chairman to rebuild the company, which this year is betting on such high-profile films as "Rob Roy" and the new James Bond film "Goldeneye."
Alphandery indicated that the bank's 1994 losses, to be announced next week, will total about $2.4 billion at current exchange rates, higher than expected.
Coinciding with Alphandery's news conference, the bank, which grew to be Europe's biggest through an all-out expansion drive in the late 1980s, announced a "particularly rigorous" four-year austerity program, consolidating operations around its core banking activities and trying to improve productivity by 15%.
Credit Lyonnais President Jean Peyrelevade, appointed two years ago to clean up the mess, said the program would eliminate 1,500 of the bank's 38,000 staff positions by the spring of 1996. He denied union claims that 7,000 posts would be cut.
Alphandery said the conservative government is confident that the bailout plan would cost taxpayers nothing. Several Parliament members have questioned that pledge and urged hearings.
Alphandery said selected assets would be placed with a semi-independent consortium, then sold off over a period of years. The target is to sell 80% of the designated holdings within five years.
Assets to be sold other than MGM include the bank's real estate portfolio, most of its industrial holdings and its financial subsidiaries--including Altus Finance, Societe de Banque Occidentale and Banque Colbert.
Alphandery estimated that the asset sales would produce a loss of $10 billion. Credit Lyonnais would pay back the state 60% of every $200 million in pretax profits earned to compensate for the loss.
The biggest loss-making sector, which had liabilities of $5.6 billion, is the group's real estate holdings. Credit Lyonnais Nederlanden Bank, which financed the ill-fated MGM acquisition, showed a deficit of $2 billion. The financial subsidiaries had a $1.8 billion deficit.
Alphandery said the goal is to return Credit Lyonnais to the ranks of profitable banks without distorting competition in European banking.
The plan has already come under intense criticism, both from rival banks fearful of unfair competition and from politicians worried that taxpayers would fund the bailout. Legislative leaders have urged Parliament to debate the plan, and the National Assembly's Finance Commission summoned Alphandery to a hearing March 28.
Pending announcement of the rescue plan, which got a tentative green light from the European Commission this week, the bank's non-voting shares were suspended on the Paris bourse, as were shares in defense electronics firm Thomson-CSF, which has a 19% stake in Credit Lyonnais.


Will open hardware face the same dilemma as the Arts and Crafts Movement?
An unexpected benefit of crowdfunding is that it is encourages the development of open hardware. A couple of years ago, when I counted the Kickstarter campaigns that mentioned free and open source software, there were more than ten times the number that were developing hardware than software, and my impression is that the ratio has not changed much today. Yet while I appreciate seeing open hardware starting to establish itself, I worry that open hardware might go the way of the Arts and Crafts Movement, and defeat its larger aims because of what is needed for success.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction to mass production in architecture, manufacturing, and art. Flourishing between 1880 and 1920, it favored simple, well-made -- preferably hand-made -- architecture, furniture, and furnishings, often inspired by medieval design. Members of the movement such as William Morris revolutionized the general taste of their times, and many of their designs are still popular today.
Yet in one sense, the Movement failed in the middle of its success: Its members hoped to make their designs cheaply enough to be bought by workers, improving their lives by introducing beauty into everyday things. However, manufacture by hand is generally more expensive than mass production, and that meant that the only market for Arts and Craft products were the well-to-do.
A similar contradiction, it occurs to me, could be at the heart of open hardware. Not only do many open hardware producers aim for aesthetic designs, but, more importantly, they have their own idealistic goals of making the software that runs their products freely available. In some cases, they also want to make their hardware as customizable as possible. By necessity, they rely on hand production, partly because they produce too few units for any established firms to take orders from them. The result is often a price tag so high that, while it sometimes allows the producers to make a living, it also interferes with their more idealistic purposes.
A potential example of this contradiction is Purism. Under the slogans "Beautiful Freedom," and "a laptop that respects your rights, Purism is developing two high-end laptops, one with a thirteen inch screen, and one with a fifteen inch screen. Both have a pleasing minimalist design, with software that is free-licensed from the CPU on up, and both are temptations to anyone who wants a laptop and cares about software and hardware feature. In fact, if you do not hunch over and drool at the prospect of a Purism laptop, then tech is probably the wrong industry for you.
And yet -- and yet -- the fifteen inch model starts at $1850, the approximate price of a high-end Macbook Pro at my local mall, and at least four times the price of a low-end laptop. Order the best of everything, and the price jumps to $3513. The price alone is enough to make even the most devoted software freedom pause, but when I consider the difficulties that a small hardware manufacturer can have with consistent supply (http://lwn.net/Articles/606100/), I also start to worry about whether, with the best faith in the world, Purism can deliver all it promises.
Another example is Keyboardio, which is developing programmable ergonomic keyboards with individual mechanical switches for each sculpted key. The keyboards promise to be an open hardware supporter's delight, with both keys and the lights behind them full programmable. Mounted on two solid pieces of maple, the keyboards display an elegant simplicity that is reminiscent of Arts and Crafts designs.
To me, Keyboardio's features are irresistible. Most days, I spend a minimum of eight hours in front of a keyboard, so why shouldn't I work my own way, and with a piece of practical art? In fact, after writing about the fledgling company, I ordered one for myself.
Yet, at the same time, I couldn't help but notice that, now that Keyboardio's crowdfunding campaign is over, the price will likely be at least $325. That's sixteen times the price of the keyboards I used to buy once or twice a year, throwing them out as they broke down.
In both these cases, the goals and the construction promise to be everything a free software advocate could desire. Yet if the promotion of free hardware in general is a goal, the prices posted by both Purism and Keyboardio are a serious barrier to the success of their ideals. Like the products of the Arts and Crafts Movement, Purism's laptops and Keyboardio's keyboards might allow their manufacturers to make a living for years to come, but at a cost of keeping the results of open hardware out of the hands of the general public.
These observations are no reflection on Purism, Keyboardio, or any other open hardware developers. Small hardware developers have no control over the cost of parts, even when they are making their parts themselves, and I would never begrudge them the right to a fair return for their labor. Such developers are in no way exploiting customers, or doing anything for which they should be ashamed. If anything, they should be praised for their efforts to make the ideal of open hardware a reality.
Still, the potential contradiction remains. Tech is a well-paying industry, and, as the success of Purism's and Keyboardio's crowdfunding campaigns show, there is at least some market for their products. Moreover, in Keyboardio's case, you could argue that their products should last for years, and be cheaper in the long run than a succession of throw-away keyboards.
Right now, however, open hardware products are still in the proof of concept stage. Success may increase the market for them, but whether the increase can be enough to lower the prices and make them mainstream is another question altogether. The organization of hardware manufacturing around the world might even make mainstream success impossible.
Unless open hardware can find a way around this dilemma, it may be condemned by its nature to be a noble failure. Like the Arts and Crafts Movement, without a solution, at best it will become a boutique success, selling to those who can afford its ideals, and missing the buyers who need and would appreciate those ideals the most.
I can only hope that I am wrong.


Three films have the distinction of being my joint 'picks of the week' this time around - they're all very good in their different ways, so I couldn't really separate them. First up, we have Mona Lisa, in which we find an ex-convict (Bob Hoskins) who has just served a lengthy prison sentence and on his re-emergence into society asks for a job from one of his former cronies (a sinister individual played by Michael Caine). He is given the task of driving a high class prostitute to and from her assignations at expensive West End hotels, but things get complicated when finds himself developing feelings for her... It's one of the best British pictures I've seen in quite some time, taking a look at a seedy, unpleasant side of London which rarely makes it onto film. Hoskins is excellent in the lead role, playing a man with rough edges but a good heart, but his performance is matched by that of Michael Caine, who plays his exact opposite - a man who has a polished surface but is quite monstrous underneath.
Only one real stinker this week, though to be honest, I wasn't expecting too much from Dead Snow from the outset. How good can a Norwegian film about zombie Nazis (or should that be Nazi Zombies - it's kind of like the Pirate Ghost/ Ghost Pirate question) really be? The answer is: 'not very' - while some of the gore effects work was pretty decent, the story didn't make a whole lot of sense and the film couldn't decide whether the zombies were the fast running undead of 28 Days Later or their more traditional lumbering counterparts. There was also far too much use of bad Norwegian pop music for my tastes. Not one I'm likely to return to in the future.
I only saw one new release this week, which was David Cronenbourg's latest effort, Cosmopolis. It's a rather inert, stagey film, which comprises a series of lengthy conversations between Eric Packer, a billionaire financial wizard (played by Robert Pattinson) and a number of his employees and hangers on. Nevertheless, there were certain sequences which were very impressive - particularly a segment in which Packer discusses economics with his 'Head of Theory' (Samantha Morton) in his limo, completely ignoring a full scale anarchist riot which is taking place in the streets outside. Pattinson, who appears in almost every shot of the film, is much better than I had expected - he plays an emotionally detached New York businessman almost as well as Christian Bale in American Psycho. On the whole, like Prometheus, it's a film I might need to see again before I can decide whether it was a success or a failure.
No list this week (again) - I'm still trying to put together a top ten comedies, which is taking rather longer than expected. As I'll be out of the country next Sunday, it might a week or two before that list sees the light of day.
"Enid: You know, we need to find a place where you can go to meet women who share your interests.
Seymour: Well maybe I don't want to meet someone who shares my interests. I hate my interests."


FRENCH LICK, Ind.  This little town south of Indianapolis is more than a four-hour drive away, a long way to go for a golf game. But maybe it's not too far to travel for a glimpse of the future of the sport.
The historic French Lick Resort and its sister property, the West Baden Springs Hotel, have been beckoning vacationing Chicagoans for more than a century. Owners recently renovated the resort, added a casino and made over the old Donald Ross Course. But this year they raised the ante even higher to draw golf-loving tourists and corporate groups, unveiling the Pete Dye Course at French Lick, a massive, $25-million project atop a hillside overlooking the hotels.
Architect Pete Dye, 83, made the course with longevity in mind. Concerned about the stranglehold that new technology has gained over the sport, Mr. Dye has produced a course so long and tough  it stretches more than 8,100 yards and has a mind-boggling rating of 80.0  that it is certain to be tech-proof for decades.
With its wavy fairways, sand traps perched atop pyramid-like mounds and gorges and swales and hollows, this course also incorporates many of the most idiosyncratic features for which Mr. Dye has become famous. Yet for all its length and difficulty, it's quite playable by the average handicapper at forward tees, with few of the diabolical dead ends at such notorious Dye creations as Black Wolf Run River Course in Kohler, Wis.
The course sits on more than 300 acres of steeply sloped woods and pastureland encircling a grand clubhouse converted from the 80-year-old residence of a former owner of the French Lick Resort. The site happens to be at the second-highest point in the state, with a 40-mile view of the adjacent Hoosier National Forest.
It's a glorious piece of property, and Mr. Dye judiciously preserved the natural space, moving very little dirt to build the course. The No. 7 hole is a 611-yard par 5 with a tee shot downhill over a 30-foot gorge, then a third shot uphill to a hardly visible green that backs up to a massive volcano bunker. No. 9 is not as long, at 532 yards, but plays to a heart-pumping par 4. The fairway has a scary left-to-right pitch, forcing a second shot from crazy stances, and the long and narrow green looks like a lumpy mattress.
Like long par 3s? No. 16 is 301 yards, requiring a 280-yard carry over a lake on the right if you're aiming at the flag protected by traps left and more water right. The middle tees are a mere 220 yards. No. 18 is a never-ending dogleg of 657 yards, a par 5, around a deep valley that is made even longer by an extraordinarily tight fairway. The green is surrounded by no fewer than five bunkers.
This is a course for tourists with deep pockets who like privacy. An average day sees just two or three dozen guests, a result of high prices and the exclusivity that management is trying to promote. Walking is welcome, with caddies required even for guests taking carts. Food and beverage service in the clubhouse on a recent visit was a bit unsteady, though that's likely to improve as the new staff gets more seasoned.
8670 W. State Road 56, French Lick, Ind.
Bottom line: With a rating of 80, this is officially the toughest and longest course in the Midwest, worth the trip for ego-driven tourists who want to say they've seen everything. So far, this gem has been lightly played and relatively undiscovered; you must stay at one of the two adjacent hotels to be eligible for a tee time. Try nearby courses by architects Donald Ross and Tom Bendelow for a contrast of old and new in course design. All three make for a very fulfilling long weekend.


In the future, advanced robotics has created heavy robots ("labors") for use in a variety of functions: construction, fire-fighting, military, and more. However, though the robots are only machines, their operators are also only human—and humans sometimes turn to crime. Since a heavy labor unit can be a dangerous weapon, the police of the future are set to fight fire with fire, using advanced patrol labor units, "patlabors." This is the story of the Second Special Vehicles Division, a motley crew of patlabor policemen and women doing their best to fight crime and live a normal life.
I have no interest in writing reviews, but I felt that Patlabor deserved something more positive. So here is one that is short, simple and from the heart.
Patlabor the TV series is not about excitement or being heavily psychological. It is a very human show. It’s less about getting hyped up over battles and more about relaxing with your buddies Special Vehicles Section Two. The simple actions and gestures of various characters are well thought out, making them truly believable. The whole cast have their own individual personalities and ways of reacting to things. None of them seem like cardboard stand-ins in the background, something that anime is rife with. It is enjoyable to switch on an episode and see what the group gets up to next. As you spend time with them you really get to know them well, and even feel like a part of it.
The art and sound in the remastered version are very good.
Patlabor is a pretty famous anime from back in the early 90s [I think even part of the 80s]. This was when Mecha animes were at an all time high and it was all about military or police mecha and stuff. Patlabor really stood out because they didn't go off the deep end with the fantasy—meaning, they don't transform, they don't talk, they can't fly [usually] go into space or the deep ocean, they don't carry endless racks of missiles.....you catch my drift? YEAH, it's pretty obvious that Patlabors don't exist but my point is that this story kind of handled it with some sense of reality like it's just another vehicle like a forklift or crane or some other construction vehicle. Even though the show is kind of old school, and the stories are kind of simplistic which is ALWAYS centered around some kind of mecha/Patlabor, it is still an alright anime to watch and does have it's share of funny and dramatic moments.
Totally old school anime art style which I love! Vintage anime art is the best! But I'm not the best when it comes to grading machine art and movement since machines don't speak to me on that emotional level like it does for so many others.....so I'll leave that to those who are more or less into that.
OK right off the bat I gotta say that the English Dub was terrible, I'm pretty sure that the reason why anime fans get hostile when you talk about dubs has to do with the legacy of shows like this one where the voice acting was not bad but HORRIBLE. The main character, Noa, her voice is probably the worst with her hi-pitched, ever-so-perky tones. Also some of the male characters actually sound 'slow' or retarded. The acting was either too weak or over the top, either they were overreacting to some petty issue like Ramen noodles or some lame sporting event or they UNDER-reacted to the real vital issues like terrorist threats and other battles.
It kinda make me wonder if they even did any line reading for the actors or was there even an auditioning process at all or did they just start picking random readers off the street?
Also, I wasn't too crazy about the songs either since they sounded really dated.....but by the 15th episode I thought the OP was kind of cool singing along in my horrible Japanese "So Never cry, Itsumo...kimi wo...la la la-la-la! I also liked the animation and how the characters looked for the opening credits.
Ridiculous....funny but definitely ridiculous I never saw this show when it originally aired so there really isn't any of that nostalgic bias that always seem to accompany reviews of vintage anime! No, this show is down-right silly at times but that does not mean that is a bad show and that you must not watch it., actually this is one of those shows that should be watched so that we can understand the evolution of the modern anime....specifically the mecha genre!
This show is all about mecha, specifically the LABORS machines of the humanoid variety—ones that have two arms and two legs and all the drama they cause in modern society. Consequently there are the PATROL LABORS or PATLABORS that are supposed to minimize all of these new types of crime/criminal behavior. However the group over at PATLABOR Division 2 seem to create more havoc and drama than resolving them......and that's where all the hilarity kicks in. Honestly sometimes it's funny and sometimes no, but I really think it's because of the very, very bad voice acting. I never really understood the importance of comedic timing until now, like a lot of the jokes kind of just fizzled because the speed and delivery was off or maybe the voice was just WRONG all-together!
Also aside from the whole mecha thing, there is no real unifying theme or plot. Some stories did span a couple of episodes and others seemed linked because they carried a character from a previous episode, but for the most part there was some sort of resolution offered at the end of the 20 or so minutes and by the time ending credits were rolling. This may annoy some people who dislike episodic anime shows. I didn't have a problem with it per se, just more the fact that I don't think it should have gone on for 47 episodes.
Again, likable characters overall, it's just the bad voice acting which may affect you really liking the characters too much. Asuma Shinohara was my favorite probably because he's got the least annoying voice plus he's kinda cute, I also kinda liked the leader of Division 2—he was very mellow in that cool kinda way....but all the other guys are off the chart [not in the good way!] Noa's voice is way too perky for a cop and it's bit on the whiny side but her personality is OK. All the other women in the show were good and believable.
I think the best gem out of the whole series, has to be when Shige [one of the mechanics] goes to New York and he has to deal with Americans and they all look more like SS poster boys for Nazi-Germany than actual Americans and then that one token ethnic dude who's supposed to be Native American, I guess, with that solitary feather sticking out of his headband. It's funny but at the same time I found it mildly offensive, I think....but then again it WAS only a dream, lol!
Standing at 47 episodes with an alternate expanded story from the original 1988 OVA series, Sunrise Studio 1 (MSG, Votoms) continued the fun and unique mech anime. It was directed by Naoyuki Yoshinaga (Maison Ikkoku) and script was by Mamoru Oshii (Patlabor OVA, Ghost in the Shell). This leads to believe right away, the animation should be decent; the characters should have more development, and the story should hold up to the original run. It does.
Mechs, called LABORS, are used primarily for construction, and a crime division is made for the police force, dubbed Special Vehicles Division. The show focuses on the rambunctious division 2 and how they deal with their day to day lives.
On the surface it seems just another re-hash of the original OVA, and in many ways it is. However, with more room to grow, and more mischief for division 2 to get into, the fun never stops during the three arcs Patlabor can be split into: one, the American Kanuka Clancy; two, the Schaft conflict; and three, to conclude it. This is how the show is broken down.
Patlabor is a more character driven show as opposed to the average mech anime featuring never ending ammo supply, space battles, weapons that take out moons, and more. It is more realistic in a way that the mech is just a heavy machine run by a person. During the course of the anime, the viewer can slowly understand each and every character and enjoy the ride along the way. Each person is an individual without pre-set tropes and has their own way to reacting to situations. Animation and sound is pretty standard with the remastered being even better, but mech designs being truly unique in the show’s approach to the real-robot genre. Even the music depicts the era it came out of, and still gives the show a nice personality.
With a solid unique take on real-robot mech anime, fun humorous characters, and normal day to day takes on division 2; Patlabor offers an enjoyable experience with some stories mixed in.
This TV series take on Patlabor expands upon the developments of Section 2 implementing the mix of action, comedy and everyday developments facing the cast of the series compared to the first OAV series and first movie. While the series is mostly focused on the developments of main heroine Noa Izumi throughout the series, Patlabor still takes its time to focus on the other prominent characters of Section 2 from the manipulative superior of the group Kiichi Goto to impulsive gun-nut Isao Ota. The action element of the series involves Section 2's use of their Ingrim units in handling Labor threats that can be as mundane as construction labors to military prototypes wrecking havoc on the SDF's forces for illegal field testing. In particular, the latter makes for an ongoing plot where Section 2 and other police agencies try to find details on who is responsible for the testing of Labors against military units. However, it did feel like this particular storyline was left unresolved towards the middle of the series where the show went back to relying on its comedy and focus on Izumi's developments.
The comedy for Patlabor had me drawing some comparisons to it with Police Academy as the personality quirks of Section 2 quite often got in the way of them performing their duties and they were considered the incompetent members of Tokyo's police force. Otherwise, much of the show's comedy comes from the usually unpredictable antics of Section 2 while both on duty and going about everyday routines in their headquarters, which I admit had me laughing on many occasions throughout the show when the show focused on them and the occasional bizarre comedy filler episode.
The series can be an acquired taste for some viewers. In terms of its approach to the "real robot" genre of mecha anime, Patlabor gets as real as it can get exploring the great lengths one has to go through to maintain Labors, minimize damage to any crime scene that police and military forces are employed to in order to handle Labor crimes and the financial difficulties of securing new Labors and parts needed to repair them. Action isn't so much the prominent element of the series compared to most mecha anime as it is more focused on the challenges faced by Noa and Section 2 while on duty and living normally. Depending on what you look forward to with mecha anime, you might find the series lacking in terms of grand plot and fighting scenes or find it to be a unique and original premise that makes a more down-to-earth approach to the mecha genre.
In terms of visual presentation, Patlabor is standard quality for the time it was developed as a TV anime. Mecha and character designs are reasonably detailed with subdued color shading with animation that gets the job done in depicting crime scenes that Section 2 are called in to handle, though much of this is certainly outdated compared to modern anime titles. The soundtrack to the series does well to complement the comical and serious elements to it yet, with exception to the title's first OP song, there was nothing memorable that stuck out for me.
Overall, Patlabor offered up a fun, solid mix of comedy, action and everyday developments facing the members of Section 2 while also offering up quite the realistic take on the mecha genre. Anyone looking for a unique and original take to the mecha genre should give this a look, especially if you have interest in looking into older anime titles.


Jamiroquai (formed 1992) Jamiroquai are a hugely popular British acid jazz / jazz-funk band. They rose to fame as a component of the 1990s acid jazz scene, along with bands such as Galliano, the James Taylor Quartet, Corduroy and the Brand New Heavies. The band has sold more than 35 million albums across the globe and are perhaps best recognized by their frontman, Jay Kay, recognizable for his style of dancing, as well as his outlandish headwear.
Formation: Jamiroquai was originally formed by Jay Kay on vocals, Toby Smith on keyboards), Nick Van Gelder (drums), Wallis Buchanan (digeridoo) and Stuart Zender (bass). However, the band's cast has altered several times along the years, with the core members being Jay Kay and drummer Derick McKenzie. Jay Kay is very much viewed as the focal point of the band, to the extent that many people are under the impression that 'Jamiroquai' is the name of a solo act.
Career: In 1992, Jamiroquai's debut single, 'When You Gonna Learn?' was released on the Acid Jazz label. The success of the single led to Jamiroquai signing an eight-album deal with Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Their debut album with the major label was Emergency on Planet Earth, released in 1993.
The following year, they released The Return of the Space Cowboy, with the lead single, 'Space Cowboy', receiving a great deal of mainstream airplay and press attention.
Despite having gained huge popularity in the UK and Europe, it was not until the release of Travelling Without Moving in 1996 that the band achieved their international breakthrough. The album spawned another two massive hit singles for Jamiroquai: 'Virtual Insanity' and 'Cosmic Girl'. The popularity of 'Virtual Insanity' was due in part to the innovative video directed by Jonathan Glazer.
In 2003, Jamiroquai were asked to contribute a compilation for the 'Late Night Tales' series, which included tracks from their influences, such as The Commodores, The Pointer Sisters and Johnny 'Guitar' Watson.
In 1999, Jamiroquai released their next studio album, Synkronized, followed by their fifth album, A Funk Odyssey in 2001. Despite the fact that the band's sound had evolved so much by this point - with critics arguing that they had lost the sound that made them recognizable and unique - the lead single from the fifth album, 'Little L' reached number one in many worldwide charts.
The sixth album from Jamiroquai, Dynamite, was released in the summer of 2005 and reached number 3 in the UK charts. The following year, the band released a greatest hits selection, entitled High Times: Singles 1992-2006, thus ending their contract with Sony. Jay Kay stated that they merely released this compilation in order to fulfill their contractual obligation to Sony and be released from their contract.
Jamiroquai's live performance at Abbey Road studios was broadcast on Channel 4 in 2006, along with performances by Damien Rice and the Goo Goo Dolls. After leaving Sony, Jamiroquai signed a deal with Columbia Records.
Recording for a new album began in 2008, but as of July 2010, only one new track from the band had been played live, despite drummer Derrick McKenzie stating in an interview that over 40 tracks had been written and recorded. In April 2010, Jay Kay announced that the band would be supporting Stevie Wonder. Eventually, the release of the new album was confirmed to be in November 2010 and that the title of the album would be Rock Dust Light Star. The lead single 'White Knuckle Ride' was debuted on the Chris Moyles Show (presented that day by Vernon Kay).
Jay Kay and Jamiroquai - Jay Kay of Jamiroquai Saturday 10th November 2012 The Elton John AIDS Foundation Grey Goose Winter Ball held at the Battersea Power Station.
Jamiroquai Jamiroquai live at Manchester Evening News"
Since forming in 1992 this outfit fronted by Jay Kay have amassed record sales of over 25 million, as well as landing international recognition in the form of 1997's Grammy Award. Having completed their contract with Sony they've now landed on the Mercury roster to present album number eight, due for release November 1 2010.


Once you have a handicap, it is then adjusted for each handicap-counting round you complete.
How golf handicaps are adjusted has been tinkered with recently, but the fundamentals remain the same.
When are golf handicaps left unchanged?
If your score either equals your handicap or is only slightly worse than it (so that it still falls within the buffer zone above your handicap), then your handicap is not adjusted.
‘Worse than you handicap‘ in this context is judged not against par but the standard scratch score (SSS) or the competition scratch score (CSS).
How much worse than your handicap you are allowed to shoot before your handicap is increased depends upon your handicap category.
Related: What is a supplementary scorecard?
There are five categories, and the buffer zone is the same as the category number. Thus a category 1 golfer gets a buffer zone of 1 shot above handicap; a category 5 player a zone of 5 shots above handicap.
The five categories are – Category 1 playing handicaps of 5 or less; Category 2 handicaps of 6 to 12; Category 3 handicaps 13 to 20; Category 4 , handicaps 21 to 28; Category 5 handicaps 29 to 36.
Worked example: A 15 handicapper shot 91 in a club competition for which the CSS was subsequently calculated as 73.
Whether their handicap is to be raised depends upon the ‘nett differential’ for the round. This is the difference between a player’s nett score (total shots minus playing handicap) and the CSS.
Expand Debate: Is It Ever Okay To NR?
Debate: Is It Ever Okay To NR?
In this example, the player’s nett score is total shots (91) minus CSS (73), which is 18, or three over the player’s handicap.
As this 3 over handicap is within the Category 3 buffer zone, the player’s handicap is not raised.
When are golf handicaps adjusted upwards?
A handicap is increased when the player shoots above handicap by such an amount that they also exceed the buffer zone for their handicap.
If this is the case the handicap is increased by 0.1 regardless of handicap category or how high a total was recorded.
When are golf handicaps adjusted down?
A handicap is cut when the total score falls below the CSS (if applicable) or SSS for the round.
Handicaps are cut according to the formula: shots under CSS x 0.1 x handicap category.
Thus if a category 1 player shot 3 under CSS, his handicap is cut by 0.3 (3 x 0.1 x1). But if a Category 3 golfer does this, then their handicap would be cut by 0.9 (3 x 0.1 x3).


Based on a wisdom tale of Japanese origin.
Once upon a time, there was a stonecutter. He spent his life cutting up rocks for use in this and that and the other. He liked his work. He was a happy man. At least he thought he was, until one day he was cutting stone for the house of a rich family.
"Wow!" said the stonecutter. "Look at that palace! That's for me. I want to be fat-cat rich and have a house like that and be happy!" He sighed a deep, unhappy sigh.
Suddenly a mighty voice thundered through the air. "That's what you want, that's what you get," it said. "So shall it be."
"This is the life," said the rich man who once was a stonecutter as he looked out from his mansion. "How could life get better than this?"
But one day he had an answer. Out walking in the hot sun, he saw a prince ride by in a royal carriage. "Cool," said the rich man. "It's miserable out here in the sun, but I could be happy in that."
A mighty voice thundered through the air. "That's what you want, that's what you get," it said. "So shall it be."
But the carriage was not all that cool, found the prince who once was a stonecutter and rich man. The sun still burned his face from time to time. "I know the fix for that," said the prince. "I want to be the sun so I can do the burning."
"Hot stuff!" said the sun who once was a stonecutter and a rich man and a prince, and he smiled a great big smile. Until a cloud came along and blotted him out. "Hey," he said. "The cloud has a more interesting life than the sun. Look at it bouncing around in the sky raining and snowing whenever it likes. I want to be a cloud!"
"This is the life," said the cloud who once was a stonecutter, a rich man, a prince and the sun. "I guess I'll go cause a flood." Which he did. Rivers overflowed, and crops disappeared. But stones did not. Stones stayed right where they were. "The stone is stronger than I am!" cried the cloud. "I want to be a stone."
"At last," said the stone who once was a stonecutter, a rich man, a prince, the sun and a cloud. "I'm the mightiest thing on earth. Nothing can destroy me!"
Then "WHAM!" And "WHAM" again. "Oh no," said the stone who once was a stonecutter, a rich man, a prince, the sun and a cloud. "I am under attack! By a man with a chisel! He is mightier than the stone. I want to be him!"
And so it was. The man who once was a stonecutter and a rich man and a prince and the sun and a cloud and a stone was a stonecutter again. And happy again. So happy, in fact, that he never again wished to be anything other than what he was.


Rocco after since he was removed from the sanctuary, live in Blewbury, Oxfordshire with Marion Wischnewski, the sanctuary worker who adopted Rocco.
Rocco earlier lived in the National Animal Welfare Trust sanctuary in Berkshire, reports the BBC.
- A parrot has fallen in love with his owner's Amazon Alexa - but keeps using it to order shopping.
Wischnewski said she quickly discovered Rocco had also figured out he could use Alexa to order some of his favorite items, including watermelons, raisins, broccoli and ice cream.
Postal Service (USPS) confirmed neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night nor a shutdown would deter the mail . The 16-day full government shutdown in October 2013 cost the economy $24 billion, according to Standard and Poor's.
Cohen , who pleaded guilty to all the charges against him, told the court that he had felt it was his "duty to cover up". In his first public reaction since Cohen was sentenced, Trump said he was the victim of the attorney's malpractice.
Pichai said worries about harmful uses of AI are "very legitimate" but that the industry should be trusted to regulate its use. Besides the Chinese problem, Pichai was asked if Google had rigged its search algorithm to favor certain political parties.
"They chat away to each other all day", she said, "Often I come in and there's music playing". Even though she has to double check her shopping list, it seems Rocco has also built his own playlist. She said that she personally finds him very sweet. The grey parrot is so well versed with the virtual assistant that he uses it to make conversations, play music, tell him jokes and more.
Rocco, who was taught to curse by a previous owner, is evidently loving his new home, interacting with Alexa up to 40 times a day and mastering countless household sounds.
Rocco, an African Grey Parrot kicked out of a sanctuary in United Kingdom, was caught ordering food and housewares through Amazon Alexa while his owner was away.
First leg matches will be staged in February 2019 with the return legs scheduled for March 2019. FC Barcelona have been drawn against Olympique de Lyon in the Last 16 of the Champions League .
However, even with several weeks' notice, Trump appears to be having difficulty in finding the right replacement. Trump named him after two other prominent candidates withdrew from consideration in the space of a week.
His departure makes him the ninth Cabinet-level official to leave a post since Trump took office two years ago. The president on Friday named White House budget director Mick Mulvaney as his acting chief of staff.
The CBI claimed that the lower court "erred in acquitting Sajjan Kumar as it was he who had instigated the mob during the riots". Kumar's lawyer Anil Sharma told reporters that the Congress leader will move the top court against the verdict.
Stacey Dooley flashed a little more than she bargained for moments before taking home the Glitterball Trophy on Saturday. Stacey and Kevin scored 114 out of a possible 120, while Joe had 116 and Ashley and Faye had a flawless 120.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "The last 24 hours have confirmed that Theresa May's Brexit deal is dead in the water". She also said he had been talking about "the general level of debate" when he used the term "nebulous".
Laurent Koscielny has revealed that he had to learn how to walk again after he underwent achilles surgery in May. Emery was similarly pleased with his return, saying: "Today is another step for him and for us".
During her career, Wilson released almost 70 albums in blues, jazz , R&B, pop and soul. I love the vignette, the plays within the song'.
A rep for Williams had no comment, while a rep for Thicke did not respond to PEOPLE's request for comment. Representatives of both Williams and Thicke could not be immediately reached for comment.
Earlier, it emerged Jeremy Corbyn was prepared to table a motion of no-confidence in Mrs May personally if she didn't set a date. She told MPs on Monday: "Avoiding "no deal" is only possible if we can reach an agreement or if we abandon Brexit entirely".
Johnson & Johnson called the Reuters article "one-sided, false and inflammatory" and a "conspiracy theory". Notably, the company's stock price fell by over 10 percent on Friday after the Reuters report .
Philadelphia sent Santana to the rebuilding Mariners this month in a trade that included All-Star shortstop Jean Segura . Highly regarded at 27, his opportunities were limited with the Indians because they already had a talented infield.
Last week, Apple announced plans to invest $1 billion building a new Austin campus that will be home to 5,000 employees initially. Google expects to begin moving into the Hudson Street buildings by 2020 and for the new building to be complete by 2022.
Bush and toured part of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier named after the former president, who died in November. Melania Trump was speaking about what the most challenging part of her job is. "I do what I think is right".
Liverpool FC responded with the introduction of Xherdan Shaqiri in the second half and the Switzerland worldwide scored two quick-fire goals to restore the home side's lead.
Pryor said she never made any indication that she was in danger, or that her roommate was threatening her. Odegard told KMSP that her daughter often complained that her roommate had a temper and mood swings.
A Facebook spokesperson said it took a while to determine if the latest breach was something the company was required to report . Some 1,500 third-party apps were inadvertently granted a higher level of access than they really should have had.
But Trump doesn't have the votes from the Republican-controlled Congress to support funding for the wall at the level he wants. I think that Americans will choose to support the president in shutting down the government in order to build the wall.
For a start, communication can make the various activities in Red Dead Online much easier, especially if you're on the same page. Red Dead Online players who have played the beta from launch through December 20 will receive 15 Gold Bars, starting today.
President, if you say Mexico is going to pay for the wall through NAFTA , which it certainly won't, then I guess we don't have to. Today, he said that the money saved through his new trade deal with Canada and Mexico will actually help pay for the wall .
President Donald Trump said this week he expects the group, also known as ISIS, would be defeated within a month. He added that the last IS fighters were confined to a network of tunnels at the edges of Hajin.
Kyler Murray transferred to Oklahoma after his freshman season, sat out a season per transfer rules and then backed up Mayfield. He won the recognition after throwing more than 4,000 yards and 40 touchdowns this season, ESPN reported .
Renault's board was briefed Thursday by the company's lawyers on the reasons why Ghosn was charged, according to the statement . Brazilian-born Ghosn was arrested last month and indicted this week in Japan for allegedly underreporting his income.
Earlier this week, passengers on board a Southwest flight were a bit shocked to find out their plane had to turn back. A Southwest Airlines flight was en route to Dallas from Seattle when crew members found a human heat onboard.
Boylen has made a decision to drop Parker from his regular rotation, ESPN's Malika Andrews reported Thursday, citing sources. He's shooting 43.8 percent from 3-point range in seven games since being obtained from Cleveland on November 29.
The Lakers scored six straight points, highlighted by a dunk from James, to get within 74-72 midway through the third quarter. Warren scored a game-high 30 points, and Phoenix snapped a 10-game losing skid with a victory over visiting Dallas .
Cooke worries that only investing in countries in close alignment with US interests will produce short-term gains at a long-term cost.


What should you do to transfer favorite movies from Mac to iPhone or iPad? As for the case, you can enjoy them wherever you want. There are different types of files you need to transfer among Mac, iPhone, iPad and other Apple device, including music, photos, videos, apps, messages and so on. But there is one major problem: iOS isn’t designed to accept just any file.
Don’t worry! This passage is going to discuss how to transfer files from Mac to iPhone or iPad. You can learn 6 different methods to achieve the goal, all of them are easy and efficient. Please read on and learn more details.
Connect iPhone or iPad to Mac via the original USB cable. Usually Mac will detect iPhone or other iOS device automatically to launch iTunes on your computer.
Double click iTunes to open this app on Mac, tap on "File" option and then "Add to Library". Here you are able to import files into Mac and convert to your iOS device.
You can also choose Apps in the sidebar of iTunes, and tap on "File Sharing" section to sync files and data from Mac to iPhone or iPad.
For iTunes users, it is common thing to meet with iTunes problems, for example, iPhone not showing up in iTunes, iTunes error 14, etc. If you don’t like this way, please move on to the next solution.
Go to your iOS device, swipe up from the bottom of the screen to start the Control Center, and activate the AirDrop.
Launch your Mac, go to Finder and select AirDrop, too. Then locate a file that you are going to transfer from Mac to iPad, drag the files onto the iPad icon.
Turn to your iOS device where you can see a menu offering to open the file as well as related apps to open the file type. As for the case, you can get the files from Mac on iPhone or iPad.
Create a new address to yourself on your Mac, add the located files as an attachment to the email, and click on Send button.
Open the email on your iOS device, and tap the attachment to download the files. Tap on the downloaded file, your device will offer related apps to open it.
If you have already installed Dropbox or other cloud service, such as Google Drive or Box on your iOS device, you can consider transferring files from Mac to cloud, with which you can access them on your iPhone or iPad.
Step 1: Launch the "Dropbox" desktop app and sign in the account. Make sure you sign in the same account for Mac and iOS devices.
Step 2: Drag files from Mac to the Dropbox application, you can drag different data formats into the application.
Step 3: After transferring data from Mac to iPhone, you can get these files on iPhone or iPad now.
Different from the cloud service mentioned above, iCloud Drive is designed to store the files that you opened with specific apps. With iCloud Drive, you are able to add files in iCloud, create your own folder, or copy the files.
Open Finder app on your Mac, and start iCloud Drive. Then drag your selected files into the location you desire in iCloud.
Launch iCloud Drive app on your iOS device, tap on the file you just added into, and then click on the Share button to choose an app to open this file.
Different from the other methods, Apeaksoft MobieTrans is able to transfer files from Mac to iPhone without Wi-Fi connection. As for the case, you can transfer large files in a fast speed. What’s more, you are able to preview and select the files you want to transfer. The iPhone transfer supports contacts, messages, photos, books, music, movies and etc on iPhone, iPad and iPod. It is compatible with the latest iOS 12.
After downloading and launching this transfer tool on your Mac, use a USB cable to connect your iOS device to your Mac.
Once connected successfully, this software will scan your iOS device automatically. And you can check all your iPhone files in iPhone Transfer.
Then choose the file type in the sidebar, and click Add button to import your located files from Mac to iPhone. It is done. Now you have transferred files from Mac to iPhone! Isn’t it easy?
When you want to transfer files or data from Mac to iPhone or iPad, you can find multiple solutions from the article. Just compare the different methods to get the desire solution accordingly. More questions about the topic, you can share more information in the article.


Bangladesh's Test performances against New Zealand so far make sorry reading: five of the six matches have ended in innings defeats, and they barely made New Zealand bat twice in the other game. Add the loss of several key Bangladesh players to the ICL, and the chronic inability of the host batsmen to post substantial scores, and this series should be an easy warm-up for New Zealand ahead of their more taxing trip to Australia later this year.
However, Bangladesh have some reasons for optimism. First, their incisive new-ball bowling, which put the visitors on the back foot in each of the three one-dayers last week. Also, the New Zealand top order is inexperienced - none of their expected top four has played a Test in Asia; finally, Bangladesh's chief nemesis in previous series, Daniel Vettori, was off colour during the ODIs.
Ross Taylor: In a fledgling career, he has already shown glimpses of developing into a top-class batsman, most memorably with a flamboyant century at Old Trafford earlier this year. With the pitch likely to take turn, and Bangladesh's penchant for packing their side with spinners, the ease with which he plays slow bowlers makes him crucial to New Zealand's cause.
Tamim Iqbal: New Zealand are already aware of his abilities, after he scrapped his way to a pair of half-centuries on his debut in Dunedin last January. With Shakib Al Hasan out of form and Alok Kapali and Shariar Nafees in the ICL, a lot of responsibility rests on Tamim's shoulders.
With the pitch expected to be spinner-friendly New Zealand have gone in with two slow bowlers, Daniel Vettori and Jeetan Patel. Kyle Mills and Iain O'Brien will share the new-ball duties, meaning Tim Southee will miss out. Jesse Ryder is in line for his debut at No. 3.
New Zealand 1 Aaron Redmond, 2 Jamie How, 3 Jesse Ryder, 4 Ross Taylor, 5 Brendon McCullum (wk), 6 Daniel Flynn, 7 Jacob Oram, 8 Daniel Vettori (capt), 9 Kyle Mills, 9 Iain O'Brien, 11 Jeetan Patel.
After some impressive showings in the one-dayers, allrounder Naeem Islam is set to make his Test debut while batsman Rajin Saleh's experience has won him a spot in the middle order.
Bangladesh 1 Tamim Iqbal, 2 Junaid Siddique, 3 Rajin Saleh, 4 Mohammad Ashraful (capt), 5 Naeem Islam, 6 Mehrab Hossain jnr, 7 Mushfiqur Rahim (wk), 8 Shakib Al Hasan, 9 Mashrafe Moratza, 10 Abdur Razzak, 11 Shahadat Hossain.
The cracks on the surface have already prompted the New Zealand coach John Bracewell to say that he hopes the pitch will play better than it looks or else "we could be in for a fairly short Test". New Zealand could also struggle with the heat - the forecast is for temperatures to be in the mid-thirties over the next week - and there could be some rain during the latter stages of the Test.
Daniel Vettori has taken 32 wickets against Bangladesh, more than twice as many as any other bowler has in New Zealand-Bangladesh Tests.
Daniel Vettori, Mohammad Ashraful and Mashrafe Mortaza remain the only survivors from the first-ever series between the two sides in 2001-02.
"We look forward to the Test series and realise that batsmen will have to put up a good fight against quality New Zealand bowling."
"We are playing at 50% of our abilities and if we play to our full potential then we should win."