Question 1: Can you confirm that propane is officially excluded from the FOA 0002044 and focus is natural gas only?
Answer 1: AOI 5, Energy Efficient Off-road Vehicles, is open to any fuel, including propane.
Question 2: Reference Paragraph III.F (Page 40) of the FOA. Please clarify that multiple concept papers (CP) can be submitted by applicants and for each CP that is encouraged by DOE, the applicant may submit a Full Proposal for consideration.
Answer 2: Applicants may submit multiple concept papers to this FOA. An eligible concept paper must be submitted for each full application submitted. An applicant who receives a "discouraged" notification may still submit a full application. However, by discouraging the submission of a full application, EERE intends to convey its lack of programmatic interest in the proposed project to save the applicant the time and expense of preparing an application that is unlikely to be selected for award negotiations.
Question 3: This question relates to AOI 1c: Natural Gas Vehicle Maintenance Cost Study. It would help to clarify if DOE would like this study to only focus on maintenance costs at the vehicle, or if DOE would like this study to also address maintenance costs at the refueling station, including, for example, the maintenance costs of the mechanical compressor(s) at the refueling station.
Answer 3: The focus of this topic is on the maintenance costs of Natural Gas vehicles.
Question 4: There appears to be some consistency between the just-released EERE FOA (DE-FOA-0002044) and the FCTO NOI that went out a few months ago (DE-FOA-0002021). While there does appear to be significant overlap, several specific topics listed within the NOI are absent from the FOA, such as high or low temperature electrolyzers, advanced water splitting research (and synergies with HydroGEN), and hydrogen materials compatibility R&D (and synergies with H-Mat). Is a separate, FCTO-specific FOA also planned for release? Or did these topics just not make the cut for the EERE-wide FOA?
Answer 4: This EERE Office of Transportation FOA and any planned FCTO FOAs are separate from each other. While it is possible there may be some similarities between the two, the Vehicle Technology Office cannot respond to any planned or unannounced FCTO solicitations.
Question 5: Could you provide guidance and details of the terms of a cooperative agreement funding instrument and as it pertains to cost sharing and the matching requirement.
Answer 5: Sample terms and conditions for cooperative agreements amy be found at https://www1.eere.energy.gov/financing/pdfs/special_terms_conditions.pdf Information regarding cost share requirements is found in the body and appendices of the FOA.
Question 6: Does this FOA consider ferries to be commercial off-road vehicles, so that AOI 5 of this FOA would encompass electrification technologies for ferries?
Answer 6: Ferries are not considered off-road vehicles for the purposes of this FOA.
Question 7: We are interested in AOI 1c (Technology Integration): Natural Gas vehicle Maintenance Cost Study. Is the study restricted to medium-and heavy-duty diesel and natural gas used in freight and goods movement or can other medium-or heavy-duty diesel and natural gas truck and vehicle applications also be included, such as a refuse hauler fleet?
Answer 7: The topic is restricted to medium and natural gas vehicles used in freight and goods movement.
Question 8: Given the FOA cost share requirements: Phase 1: Technology Research and Development: 20% Phase 2: Vehicle Integration and Demonstration: 50% How may we split the cost of system hardware between phases?
Answer 8: The project must meet the minimum cost share for the phase as outlined in the FOA. The cost would include the project work performed during the phase.
Question 9: What design inlet pressure or pressure range does DOE anticipate for AOI 3?
Answer 9: Please design for an inlet pressure of 20 bar.
Question 10: We are unable to find an application package online for this FOA.
Answer 10: All applications must be submitted through the EERE Exchange system. Application instructions are included in the FOA document.
Question 11: Does the System for Award Administration (SAM) registration and obtaining a Dun and Bradstreet Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number need to be completed in order to submit a concept paper?
Question 12: Does the System for Award Administration (SAM) registration and obtaining a Dun and Bradstreet Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number need to be completed in order to submit a full application?
Answer 12: No; however, please note if your application is selected for negotiations leading to award, obtaining a DUNS number and the SAM registration must be completed prior to the award being executed. For this reason, the FOA instructions ask all applicants to obtain a DUNS and register in SAM now so that if selected for negotiations leading to award, lack of registration in these systems does not hinder the start date of a potential project.
Question 13: I just graduated from CDL School with my cdl-a and I just started a company but I needed help and was wondering do they offer any grants that help with purchasing a truck.
Answer 13: This program does not offer grants for purchasing trucks.
Question 14: There are some “special deliverables” listed in the FOA some of which may include proprietary materials. In such case 1.	Is there an option to get a waiver for the special deliverables to be exempted? 2.	Are the terms of the deliverable negotiable with DOE?
Answer 14: The special deliverables for AOI 4 may not be waived. However, the terms are open to negotiation.
Question 15: It is unclear if DOE is willing to consider an AST only project under the MEA AOI 4 topic. In other words, if the submitted concept covers only parts of the AOI 4 topics, would it still be considered for the award?
Answer 15: Submitted concept papers should fully address the MEA AOI 4 topic, and not be confined to only parts of it. An AST only project is not of interest.
Question 16: I want to understand how to organize the concept paper involving FC-PAD consortium labs. Is it sufficient to show how a concept paper would benefit by collaborating with FC-PAD and how a specific lab capability can help fulfill the ideas in our proposal? It is not quite clear how we would include the lab capabilities and research profile in the concept paper if we are not allowed to discuss it with the concerned lab when the FOA is open.
Answer 16: FC-PAD capabilities are listed on http://www.fcpad.org. The Applicant would need to consult the capabilities listed and propose capabilities that would benefit the proposed R&D approach.
Question 17: On page 9, Specific Requirements, feedstocks include “Non-recyclable organic components of municipal solid wastes, including plastics”. On page 24 the statement is made “Commonly recycled paper, cardboard, and plastics” are not of interest. The question is how to define “commonly recycled” where plastics are concerned. For purposes of this FOA is it reasonable to assume that plastics such as PET (which is commonly recycled) are out of scope while others such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon (etc.) would be in scope?
Answer 17: It is reasonable to assume that plastics such as PET (which is commonly recycled) are out of scope while others such as polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon would be in scope.
Question 18: In regards to the first requirement for AOI4, “Details of novel low-PGM (<0.2 mgPt/cm2) cathode oxygen reduction catalyst synthesis and electrode layer design,” does this refer only to catalyst particles that are themselves lower in PGM? Or are electrode designs which achieve far lower loading of, e.g., pure Pt particles acceptable? Can you also please clarify “Details of how the approach increases understanding of degradation”? Does this mean we need to include a fundamental study of degradation mechanisms?
The topic targets the development of MEAs that meet performance and durability requirements for heavy-duty transportation applications. The platinum group metal (PGM) loading is limited to <0.2 mg/cm2. The electrode design to achieve these objectives is not specified.
The application does not need to include a fundamental study of degradation mechanisms.
Question 19: This question relates to AOI 1b (Research): Waste-to-Energy. On page eight (8) of the call, at the bottom of the page, in the first bullet point, the call mentions "Processes to produce pipeline-quality renewable natural gas or compressed natural gas for vehicle use..." It would help to clarify if DOE is open to receiving proposals that focus on "processes that produce high quality / high purity renewable hydrogen for vehicle use".
Answer 19: Hydrogen is specifically excluded as an end product in "Applications Specifically not of Interest", section I.C of the FOA. However, hydrogen is acceptable as an intermediate, provided that the application is clear how the intermediate will be incorporated into processes to produce biopower or acceptable biopower intermediates by project completion.
Question 20: Are inland marine applications considered off road? The FAQs state that Ferries are excluded. What about inland freight movement through inland waterways?
Answer 20: The scope of AOI 5 excludes inland marine applications, including freight movement through inland waterways.
Question 21: This question relates to AOI 3: High Throughput Hydrogen Fuel Technologies for Medium and Heavy duty Transportation. On page seventeen (17) of the call, at the bottom of the page, the call discusses "Compressors/Cryopumps". It would help to clarify if DOE is open to receiving proposals for AOI 3 that focus on electrochemical hydrogen compressors (EHCs).
Answer 21: As noted in section I.C of the FOA, applications that propose R&D for electrochemical compression is not of interest.
Question 22: My research group focuses on solving a problem related to adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage. Currently, ANG tanks can only be refilled very slowly because of the heat generated during the filling process. Our research group focuses on designing adsorbents with better thermal transport properties so that these tanks can be refilled more quickly. Is that work within the scope of this EERE call?
Answer 22: An approach that considers improved thermal transport properties would be considered in scope.
Answer 23: As noted in section I.C of the FOA, applications that include off-road recreational and sport vehicles are not of interest for this topic.
Question 24: This question relates to 1d. - Technology Integration: Natural Gas Vehicle Tank Affordability. On page 34 of the FOA, I note a cost share requirement of “greater or equal to 50%”. However in other locations in the document, I note a cost share statement of 20%. Would you please clarify as to whether this particular Area of Interest requires 20% or greater than equal to 50%?
Answer 24: The cost share requirements for topic 1d are ≥50% of the total project costs.
Question 25: This question relates to AOI 1b: “at appropriate scales (e.g., less than or equal to five dry tons of feedstock/day).” Usually “at appropriate scales” means this much or more to ensure there are enough materials to be meaningful at avoid really small scale efforts. Is this a typo? If not, what would be considered a minimum amount to be at appropriate scale? 50 dry tons/day? Is that too little?
Answer 25: The statement should be read literally. It indeed means less than or equal to five dry tons of feedstock/day. The topic is targeted at smaller waste operations where traditional methods of anaerobic digestion are not economically viable.
Question 26: Are we allowed to discuss with the FC-PAD after the concept paper has been submitted, accepted, reviewed and invited to submit as a full proposal?
Question 27: 1. Within Topic 1b, how much work can be focused on combustion of syngas in diesel engines? Or does the project need to be focused just on cleaning syngas to get "pure" syngas that can be used in engines? 2. The requirement of 1b is to demonstrate the reduction of LCOE by 25%. Can this be achieved by switching to negative feedstock such as sludges and biosolids?
Syngas is not called out in the “applications specifically not of interest” section. However, the application would need to make a strong techno-economic case how syngas would be compatible with the existing fuel infrastructure if diesel engines were the target.
Question 28: 1) Since the calculations of LCOE and EROI are required, and thus I believe we need to include a TEA component in the application. However, what about LCA? Is it also required? Or at least preferable to include? What is the criteria for the project goal from the LCA standpoint? 2) We target to produce liquid fuel product(s). Could the endproduct(s) be a bioblendstock to gasoline or diesel? Or it is required that the endproduct(s) must be directly used as a fuel for medium-/heavy-duty vehicles? 3) We will target on the production of liquid fuel from waste; wondering whether the testing/evaluation of the end-product as a fuel or fuel bioblendstock necessary in this project? In another words, do we need to include fuel combustion and engine testing components for this project?
1) The solicitation does not mention LCA for topic 1b, and there is no specific goal. However, if an LCA was included, it would be considered as part of the overall application.
2) This area of interest seeks "proposals to convert these valuable resources into biopower and/or intermediates that are potentially useful as medium-/heavy-duty vehicle fuels, such as renewable natural gas, or in the production of biopower at appropriate scales (less than or equal to five dry tons/day).” The application would need to be clear how the proposed blendstocks would ultimately be converted to fuel or biopower.
3) The solicitation does not state any requirements for engine testing under topic 1b. However, applicants may include such steps if they make the case that doing so would add value to the overall proposal.
Question 29: AOI 1b on page 7 states “These materials include, but are not limited to, forest residues (notably, trees that have succumbed to environmental stresses); municipal sludges and biosolids; industrial, commercial, and residential organic wastes; fats, oils, and greases; yard trimmings; construction and demolition wastes; non-recyclable paper; and other non-recyclable organic components of MSW” Is lignocellulosic waste included as a material for waste conversion to energy?
Answer 29: Lignocellulosic waste is an allowable feedstock for this project.
Question 30: Does the FOA DE-FOA-0002044 consider refuse vehicles and concrete mixer vehicles to be commercial off-road vehicles?
Answer 30: Refuse trucks and concrete mixers are considered on-road vehicles and therefore out of scope for this topic.
Question 31: This question pertains to AOI 1b: Research: Waste to Energy. It would help to clarify two points: 1) Can the input feedstock to the proposed system be biogas? On page 9, the call states: "Applications must employ an organic waste feedstock, with particular emphasis on the following: ...biogas produced from any of the above." 2) Can the purpose of the proposed technology/system be to upgrade the input biogas feedstock to renewable biomethane as the output?
1.) Biogas can be the feedstock for the proposed system.
2.) As stated on page 8, processes to produce renewable natural gas from biogas are permissible.
Question 32: Can vehicle incentive funds (from non-Federal sources such as the California HVIP program) be counted as cost-share? These funds would support vehicles needed for project activities including demonstration.
Answer 32: Refer to 2 CFR 200.306 for guidance regarding allowable cost share.
Question 33: At the end of the concept paper requirements table on page 44 - it states "Applicants may provide graphs, charts, or other data to supplement their Technology Description." Are figures included in the 3 page technology description limit or are they attached as an addendum after the three pages?
Answer 33: Figures are included in the 3 page limit.
Question 34: Under this FOA, are port equipment like yard spotters and container handlers included in the off-road equipment under AOI 5 and considered eligible for funding?
Answer 34: If the port equipment is used exclusively at the work-site and not on the roads or highways, then they are considered within the scope of the topic.
Question 35: Are prospective applicants allowed to prime the more technical FOA that came out a few weeks ago, then also apply to be prime on the still forthcoming Clean Cities related FOA. I know that rules don’t allow the same entity to prime more than one project under the same FOA but wasn’t sure whether rules also prohibited priming more than one if they were different FOAs but both under EERE or VTO. Is there any “unwritten rule” that would cause DOE to prefer to not make an award to the same organization applying to prime these two FOAs based on wanting to spread VTO funding around.
Answer 35: As stated in section III.F of the FOA, "An entity may submit more than one Full Concept Paper and one Full Application to this FOA, provided that each concept paper/application describes a unique, scientifically distinct project, and provided that an eligible Concept Paper was submitted for each Full Application."
Question 36: Is there an “Addendum” page to the format of the Concept paper or all information (including PI skills, prior experience, graphs, charts, etc.) should be confined to the 3-page limit of the “Technical; Description and Impacts”?
Answer 36: All information must fall within the 3 page limit.
Question 37: Would Topic 2 consider proposed solutions that are battery-centric and primarily grid-charged, but incorporate cost effective range extension subsystems using non-petroleum fuels (H2, CNG, Propane, other)?
Answer 37: DOE will not provide feedback on technical ideas outside of the concept paper process. Please submit a concept paper to receive DOE feedback (Encouraged/Discouraged) regarding your proposed project.
Question 38: On page 23 of the PDF, the teaming arrangement section references the need “to include as least one of the following as a project partner…” If a truck OEM applies, does this mean that their project team must also include a state government, local government, air district, etc.? Can a truck OEM apply without project partners and be eligible?
Answer 38: Consistent with the teaming arrangements specified in AOI2 of the FOA, "proposed project teams must include at least one of the following as a project partner during the demonstration period: state governments, local governments, metropolitan transportation authorities, air pollution control districts, and private or nonprofit entities".
Question 39: Is it open to Canadian companies? If only available to USA companies, what are the criteria for qualified USA companies?
Answer 39: Please see section III.A of the FOA for information regarding Eligible Applicants.
Question 40: "The objective of this area of interest is to research, develop, and demonstrate heavy-duty (classes 7-8) battery electric vehicle technologies capable of increasing efficiency and productivity over baseline vehicle performance for freight movement with a daily travel profile ≥ 250 miles. Data from the U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of TransportationStatistics and Federal Highway Administration shows that 50% of all freight in the United States moves less than 100 miles and nearly 70% moves less than 250 miles.12 In addition, the trend toward “hub-and-spoke” freight movement, with shorter runs between hubs and trucks operating much of the day, may enable battery recharging between multiple deliveries in a single day." Should the inequality be <250 in the first sentence of that quote? I believe the target and the sentences motivating the target are contradictory. Please confirm which is the target of the FOA.
Answer 40: The data supports that a vehicle with a range of at least 250 miles can cover nearly 70% of the freight operations. As stated in the FOA, the objective is a daily travel profile greater than or equal to 250 miles.
Question 41: We are private company, does this section mean we need to have a governmental partnership? "Consistent with requirements specified in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Section 131 (b)(1), proposed project teams must include at least one of the following as a project partner during the demonstration period: state governments, local governments, metropolitan transportation authorities, air pollution control districts, and private or nonprofit entities."
Answer 41: As stated in AOI 2, proposed project teams MUST include at least one of the following as a project partner during the demonstration period: state governments, local governments, metropolitan transportation authorities, air pollution control districts, and private or nonprofit entities.
Answer 42: In accordance with the FOA, EERE will not make eligibility determinations for potential applicants prior to the date on which initial concept papers are submitted and then again once full applications to this FOA must be submitted. The decision whether to submit an concept paper and then a full application in response to this FOA lies solely with the applicant.
Question 43: Can this Grant be used to supply alternative fuels to Commercial vehicles ?
Answer 43: Please review the FOA for details regarding the topics.
Question 44: The stated objective is: The objective of this area of interest is to research, develop, and demonstrate heavy-duty (classes 7-8) battery electric vehicle technologies capable of increasing efficiency and productivity over baseline vehicle performance for freight movement with a daily travel profile ≥250 miles. Question: Are battery electric vehicles with a range extender acceptable?
Answer 44: A battery electric vehicle with a range extender would not be responsive to this area of interest.
Question 45: 1.	The solicitation states the cover page should include the project title, the specific FOA Area of Interest being addressed (if applicable), both the technical and business points of contact, names of all team member organizations, and any statements regarding confidentiality. If there is room left on the cover page, can we include some of the Technical Description and Impacts that were identified in the solicitation to be included on pages 2 – 4? 2.	If a National Lab (FFRDC) is being proposed as a subrecipient for a program, do we need to provide written authorization from the cognizant CO as part of our concept paper submission documents?
1. The cover page is limited to the information specified in the concept paper cover page content. Any technical description and impacts must be presented in the remaining 3 pages.
2. Written authorization for FFRDC participation is not required as part of the concept paper submission.
Question 46: Does the conjunction ‘and’ in the last line require a private/nonprofit entity in addition to one of the partners types listed above?
Answer 46: Only one of the listed entities is required as a partner during the demonstration period.
Question 47: This question is regarding one of the AOI 5 General Requirements on Page 22. The requirement states, “A cost analysis of the proposed technologies that demonstrates an operating cost payback of less than two years.” To ensure that the proposed technology will meet the requirements we have the following questions: 1) Is there a recommended procedure or model for calculating the payback? And more specifically, 2) We assume that the payback will be based on the incremental capital cost of the proposed technology over incumbent technologies. Is this a valid assumption? 3) We assume that the cost assumptions for both equipment and fuel will can be projections at scaled production. Is this a valid assumption? 4) Can we use DOE MYRD&D Technical Targets for some or all of those cost assumptions?
4) The DOE MYRD&D technical targets apply to fuel cell technologies rather than off-road vehicles, so their use may not be appropriate for this topic.
Question 48: 1.	In the EERE webpage section for creating control numbers and submitting concept papers, do we need to include the FC-PAD organizations, the respective leads and percentage of effort in the “add key team members” or “add key participants” section ? 2.	What is the difference between Key team member and key participant? I understood that participants include all personnel working on the project from all teams. Is that correct? How do we know who from the Fc_PAD organization will be working on the projects if we are not allowed to communicate with them.
1. It is not necessary to include the FC-Pad organization percentage of effort or list their team members at the concept paper phase of the application process.
2. There is no signficant distinction between key team members and key participants. Both represent personnel with a signifcant role in in completing the proposed project.
Question 49: Is there an allowance for an addendum (for PI bios, facilities, supplemental graphs) beyond the 3 pages. It was common for DoE to offer an additional page for this. Currently, it lists the page limit for this work as: 1 Cover Page 3 Main pages (Technical description and impacts) Then it states that “Applicants may provide graphs, charts, or other data to supplement their Technology Description.
Answer 49: There is no allowance for an additional page for graphs charts, other data, etc. All technical information must be included in the 3 main pages.
Question 50: For A01b, ethanol is not acceptable as a final product but can DOE clarify whether mixed alcohols, containing ethanol as a component, is acceptable as a final product?
Answer 50: Both methanol and ethanol are excluded as final products. So any mixture that contains signficant amounts of either would be excluded.
Question 51: In the application process, the information requested for the cover page is the same one with what we fill out in the various EERE tabs. Is the EERE system automatically going to generate the cover page for each LOI based on the information provided, or do we need to create a separate cover page as part of the LOI document that is uploaded into the system?
Answer 51: This FOA does not require a letter of intent (LOI) but does require a concept paper, which is similar. The applicant will have to manually populate the cover page of the concept paper+E65 with the required information. It will not automatically transfer from the various tabs of the Exchange system.
Question 52: Is topic area 5 open to all types of hybridization of equipment? Specifically, is it open for 100% biodiesel/diesel fuel hybridized engine system which would enable 100% biodiesel use under desired operating conditions and diesel when said parameters are not met. "Topic 5: Energy Efficient Commercial Off-road Vehicles (up to $5 million) – Projects focused on improving the system-level efficiency of off-road vehicles, including technologies such as fluid power systems, high-efficiency engines, hybridization, and connected and automated control concepts."
Answer 52: 100% biodiesel/diesel fuel hybridized engine system could be considered in scope for AOI provided the applicant can make the case that the resulting system can significantly improve (>10%) the work-specific energy-efficiency of commercial off-road vehicles.
Question 53: Would it be possible to submit a full application without having done the concept paper step?
Answer 53: Submission of a compliant concept paper is requried in order to submit a full application.
Question 54: AOI 1c, Technology Integration: Natural Gas Vehicle Maintenance Cost Study. On page ten, the call refers to "freight and goods movement for medium- or heavy-duty truck applications". It would help to clarify if refuse trucks (i.e. garbage trucks) would be considered as one type of truck under "trucks for freight and goods movement" under AOIc.
Answer 54: Refuse trucks are considered on-road vehicles and therefore out of scope for this topic.
Question 55: We are a national laboratory subrecipient working with two industry partners on the project with one as the prime and the other as an additional subrecipient. Do we meet FOA requirements if a total of 51% of DOE project funds go to both partners (31% and 20%), and 49% of DOE funds go to a National Lab?
Answer 55: The proposed cost structure will not meet the FOA eligibility requirements described in section III.A.iii of the FOA because the proposed FFRDC cost exceeeds that of the prime recipient.
Answer 56: The SF-424 form has been updated to the correct version.
Question 57: De-FOA-0002044 AOI 1c refers to “freight and goods movement for medium- or heavy-duty truck applications”. The published FAQ Answer #54 related to 1c states “Refuse trucks are considered on-road vehicles and therefore out of scope for this topic.” Please clarify if subject of 1c are “on-road” or “off-road” applications medium- or heavy-duty truck for freight and goods movement. Is this acceptable?
Answer 57: The topic 1c refers to on-road vehicles for medium or heavy-duty freight and goods movement.


Is there any other significant issue in American political life, besides Israel, where (a) citizens split almost evenly in their views, yet (b) the leaders of both parties adopt identical lockstep positions which leave half of the citizenry with no real voice? More notably still, is there any other position, besides Israel, where (a) a party's voters overwhelmingly embrace one position (Israel should not have attacked Gaza) but (b) that party's leadership unanimously embraces the exact opposite position (Israel was absolutely right to attack Gaza and the U.S. must support Israel unequivocally)? Does that happen with any other issue?
Not that I can think of, off the top of my head.


Make domain notification more salient – Customer feedback for Have I been pwned?
TL;DR: Make domain-level notification (1) more obvious to find and (2) more salient in the registration form.
* "Domain search" promises, well, one-time domain search.
I suggest you add either a separate label on top bar with a separate form. Or change existing "Domain search" into "Domain search+notification" (yes, it's longer, so see other suggestion below).
On https://haveibeenpwned.com/DomainSearch there is only one salient title "Domain search / Search for pwned accounts across an entire domain". No title about "notification".
* to add between the "Domain name" entry box and the "Would you like..." another sub-title (h1, h2, whatever) reading "Notify me domain-wide" or similar.
* to change the checkbox label to at least include the word "notification" or "notify", like "Subscribe me for domain-wide notification".
This would make the feature easier to find, which will improve your interesting service.
Good point, I missed it too.
Note that when we verify a domain, which I did via a txt record, we are then told we can delete the record. What happens if the domain changes hands? I'd suggest the txt record should stay and that it should be checked before new notifications.


Well, you don't really need any of the factories. You just need to purchase the animals and let them produce. Cage the bears and let them go!
Given Provisions: $5,000, 1 chicken, 1 goat, 1 cow; factories are all 1 item: powder, dough, curd, cheese, separator and butter.
This level is relatively easy to get gold time if you use strategy and a little quick clicking.
You need to make $15,000 to purchase the French pizza from the city store. I wonder where they got there prices for pizza!
Your animals are worth $11,100; so you need to make $3,900 plus expenses. You have no money to begin with; the animals will all starve if you don't sell any immediately. Sell the chickens and goats for capital. Your warehouse space is extremely limited at first, use strategy to maximize its use.
This level can be hectic in the beginning with 5 chickens and 5 goats...water....water...water. Collect 5-6 eggs then sell the chickens. If you find it too difficult to water and gather products at first Sell a few chickens. Concentrate on selling enough cheese to purchase 2 cows, and then sell the goats. Make your 10 butter and you're through.
• Sell the chicken after you have 5-6 eggs to make your life easier. Well, at least for a few minutes.
Thank God for cats! You're given 10 goats with very little money. By now you know how fast and how much the goats each. So water, water, water the grass; no room for conserving water now. Sell enough goats milk to buy 2 cows then sell the goats. Before you purchase your first cow, sell 3-4 goats; so you only have 5 goats and 1 cow. 'Ol Bessie will sometimes wither from starvation with that many goats. Sell all the goats right before you purchase your second cow. You have no means in which to do anything else with the milk but sell it. And the bears, mostly black bears, so you'll have to cage and sell them so they don't damage your factories costing you more money; at least the black bears move a little slower.
• Sell more goats milk, keep watering.
• Upgrade your truck 1 more time and the warehouse 1-2 times, but don't upgrade the warehouse to the max.
Cage and sell all the bears or they might damage your factories. This level is pretty straightforward. Make butter and cheese to make money. Making gold time on this level is relatively easy. Upgrade the basics such as your truck, the warehouse, the well (? Depends how much you like to click), maybe the plane. I don't always upgrade the plane, unless I need it for speed. I'd rather send it multiple times and receive smaller shipments. It's just easier to handle.
I used a different strategy than normal to obtain gold for this level. Upgrade the warehouse and truck and order butter thickener.
Start creamer and curd machine, while watering like crazy. At first I didn't mess with the cheese, I just sold the curd to obtain some capital to upgrade the truck and warehouse again. I purchased a cow before purchasing a goat. Of course, you have to sell the bears to prevent factory destruction.
Keep ordering thickener and leaven, I kept the goats and made cheese well after the goal of 10 was reached.
This level is relatively easy to achieve gold time and you probably have your preferences on what you like to upgrade and purchase. Therefore I'm putting in the first few steps and you can take it from there. The following is what I found to be the least stressful. Purchase goats and 1 cow at first and make some upgrades. When the cheese goal is almost met, then I purchase additional cows. Sell the goats as soon as the cheese goal is met. This way, animals don't seem to wither and die. Initially I caged and sold the bears.
You should cage and sell the black bears to prevent factory damage. Purchase 3 cows and sell butter to make upgrades.
Black bears attack feverishly...good thing you can purchase most things from the city after selling the pig. This level is really easy to make gold. You can choose to cage the black bears or just let them roam. I have to cage them as they're too much of a distraction when they roam. Yes, they'll probably damage your factories but you only need 1 of every item...so no biggie!
This one is sooooo easy to make gold. Purchase items from the city to make pizza, upgrade truck, sell pizza, purchase animals. YOU DO NOT NEED SOUR CREAM ON THIS PIZZA and that's the clincher. See if you can finish the level in under a minute.
Goals: 15 butter thickeners and 1 basket of truffles.
Here the developers of the game go again. Trying to catch us off guard; you have to purchase 15 butter thickeners with no way to make butter! Just upgrade the truck and warehouse, sell cream, milk and cows, purchase pig. Oh yes, purchase the thickeners.
I just caught and sold all the bears.
Sell the goats, to me, they eat the most and the fastest, plus cows and butter make more money faster. Sell enough milk and cream to get upgrades. I like to purchase a cat, as I miss the milk when there are this many cows...3 misses milk pays for the cat. Then sell enough butter to purchase 2 truffle pigs and a truffle cutter.
• Cage the 2 black bears and try not to warehouse them. If you catch them near the well, they won't damage your buildings when they run from the cages.
Goals: 1 sliced truffle, 3 dough bowls, 3 butter and 3 cheeses.
This is an awkward level. You can purchase the 3 egg powder and 3 flour sacks from the city (you don't need any chickens).
You can purchase 3 curds and 3 cheese leaven from the city (no need for a goat). You have cows, but no way to make the sour cream, so you'll have to purchase the sour cream from the city along with the cheese leaven. So don't to basics, just sell the milk and the cows to purchase a truffle pig. No bears on this level.
No need to purchase the factories. This is a good level to receive the no clicking any products and no clicking or bears trophy (it's best to have the fully upgraded cats and dogs. Upgrade the well fully so you don't accidentally select product while water grass). You will probably have to replay the level to get gold time. It's more difficult to obtain the trophies and make gold time. The bears attack feverishly, but you have the dogs. Let the dogs capture the bears and let the bears run.; water the grass close to the warehouse to avoid loosing animals.
There are no bears on this level, unless you go over gold time. Then you receive an influx of black bears. Follow the steps below and you can achieve gold time. Sell too few chickens you can't upgrade truck which cuts the trip 5 seconds which will make the difference between gold and silver time. Sell too many chickens you can't collect the 10 eggs in time.
This one is easy. Gather milk and truffles, then slice truffles, then sell and marinade 1 truffle. No need to keep any bears.
• When truck returns, upgrade to the blue truck and sell any milk, cow and pig. MAKE SURE YOU LEAVE 1 SLICED TRUFFLE ON THE FARM.
This one is so easy. Sell the cows, buy a second pig and a few upgrades. Sell 5 truffles, purchase cutter. The bears, keep or let 'em go...your preference, well on second thought...just cage the bears.


On Tuesday, MPs rejected the Brexit withdrawal plan that Prime Minister Theresa May had agreed with EU negotiators - leaving Britain in limbo.
Analysts were quick to say there is no guarantee the EU's executive arm will actually investigate the case, or be quick about a decision whether to do so.
Timeline of what could happen next in the make-or-break Brexit votes.
On Tuesday, British parliamentarians will take part in a second meaningful vote, based on a revised withdrawal deal with the European Union.
After two-and-a-half years of haggling with Britain over Brexit, Juncker cautioned that this was the last chance for Britain.
Hopes had been high that Theresa May would come to Brussels to finalise a deal with the EU on Monday, but a European source these plans had been shelved.
If lawmakers reject a no-deal exit, the government will hold a vote on Thursday to ask parliament whether Brexit should be delayed.
Just 19 days before the UK is due to leave the EU, PM Theresa May is scrambling to secure last-minute changes to an EU exit treaty.
The agreement was voted down overwhelmingly by parliament in January but the government is hoping that the looming 29 March Brexit deadline will persuade many MPs to change their minds.
The two sides are trying to find a way to make the withdrawal agreement acceptable to British MPs, who have already rejected it once and will vote again on Tuesday.
The issue of how to maintain an open border on the island of Ireland is at the heart of the dispute between London and Brussels after British lawmakers objected to the so-called backstop insurance policy.
Just 22 days before Britain is due to leave the EU, the two sides are locked in a game of brinkmanship and attempts to reach a mutually acceptable deal.
Prime Minister Theresa May has said that, if British lawmakers once more reject her withdrawal agreement in a vote due to take place by 12 March, they will get to vote on asking her to request that the EU delay Brexit.
Spain has one of the largest British expatriate communities in the EU and has been at pains to reassure them that their rights will be protected after Brexit.


Facts, craft ideas, TV moms, a special recipe and more.
Over the years, there have been TV moms to suit just about every taste. Below is a listing of many of our favorite TV moms. Who are your favorites? Are there any moms you would add to this list? Let us know!
1. Remove teddy bear from oven and preheat oven to 375.
2. Melt 1 cup margarine in saucepan.
3. Remove teddy bear from oven again and tell Junior, "No."
4. Add margarine to 2 cups sugar.
5. Take shortening can away from Junior and clean cupboards.
6. Measure 1/3 cup cocoa.
7. Take shortening can away from Billy again and bathe cat.
8. Apply antiseptic and bandages to scratches suffered while removing shortening from cat's tail.
9. Assemble 4 eggs, 2 teaspoons vanilla and 1½ cups sifted flour.
10. Take smoldering teddy bear from oven and open all doors and windows for ventilation.
11. Take telephone away from Junior and assure party on the line the call was a mistake. Call operator and attempt to have direct dialed call removed from bill.
12. Measure 1 teaspoon salt, 1/2 cup nuts and beat all ingredients well.
13. Let cat out of refrigerator.
14. Pour mixture into well-greased 9x13 inch pan. Bake 25 minutes.
15. Rescue cat and take razor away from Billy.
16. Explain to kids that you have no idea if shaved cats will sunburn.
17. Throw cat outside while there's still time and he's still able to run away.
18. Frosting: Mix the following in saucepan: 1 cup sugar, 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate, 1/4 cup margarine.
19. Take the %$$&#&% teddy bear out of the @#$% broiler and throw it away -- far away.
20. Answer the door and meekly explain to nice policeman that you didn't know Junior had slipped out of the house and was heading for the street.
21. Put Junior in playpen.
22. Add 1/3 cup milk, dash of salt, and boil, stirring constantly for 2 minutes.
23. Answer door and apologize to neighbor for Billy having stuck a garden hose in man's front door mail slot. Promise to pay for ruined carpet.
24. Tie Billy to clothesline.


Psychotic experiences - such as hearing voices or extreme paranoia - are more common in teenagers living in cities with high pollution than those in rural areas, a study of young people in England and Wales suggests.
Scientists say that their research could provide possible clues about why children in urban areas are more likely to get psychotic disorders later on.
But they caution that much more work is needed to be certain of the link.
The study appears in JAMA Psychiatry.
Scientists from King's College London tracked some 2,000 teenagers living in urban, semi-urban and rural areas.
Almost a third (623) reported they had been through at least one psychotic experience between the ages of 12 and 18 - for example feeling like people were spying on them or hearing voices no-one else could.
Researchers matched their responses to detailed estimates of the air pollution each adolescent faced over a year.
Scientists say the findings remained firm even when they factored in other issues that can contribute to psychotic episodes - including a family history of mental health issues, social deprivation and alcohol and drugs.
Lead researcher, Dr Joanne Newbury, from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, said: "We found that adolescent psychotic experiences were more common in urban areas."
She added that while the study could not show pollutants caused the episodes to take place, "our findings suggest air pollution could be a contributing factor in the link between city living and psychotic experiences".
Air pollution: How damaging are idling cars and buses?
How could air pollution be connected to mental health?
Researchers say that while the study does not prove that air pollution causes psychotic experiences, it adds to growing evidence that air pollution may have wider effects on the body beyond the heart and lungs.
They speculate that tiny particles of air pollution could get past the lungs and into the blood and then travel on to the brain. There they could trigger inflammation and contribute to poor mental health.
Another theory is that the chemicals coating these particles could dissolve in the blood and be carried to the brain and again lead to inflammation.
The research team say that noise pollution could partially explain the link too - for example noisy traffic could disturb sleep and add to the stress of city life. But they were unable to measure this directly.
Although it is not always possible, experts suggest trying to use side roads and keeping away from the busiest roads when traffic is at its heaviest.
How sure can they be of the link?
Scientists estimated four outdoor pollutants; the gases nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter - PM2.5 and PM10 - at home addresses and two places the teenagers frequently spent time at - for example schools, work and shops.
And while the researchers say they took other factors like alcohol and drugs into account, they acknowledge it is impossible to be sure they factored in everything.
Dr Daniel Maughan, at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "While the paper has not proved air pollution causes psychosis, the findings are concerning as they suggest that increased psychosis rates in urban areas are potentially linked to air pollution.
"We need a radical approach to air pollution as it is very likely damaging the mental health of young and older people alike."
Meanwhile Prof Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, at the University of Heidelberg, said: "While this is a careful study of a large cohort, it should be borne in mind that researchers did not actually measure, but modelled, air quality and also could not know when participants were where.
"Also, most evidence points to the relevance of early childhood in psychosis risk, a period the study did not cover.
"While the authors looked at many potential factors that could influence air quality and psychosis risk, such as neighbourhood socio-economic status, the findings should be replicated in a setting where pollution and location are directly measured before firm conclusions can be drawn."
Researchers say they looked specifically at adolescents, because their developing brains are more vulnerable to psychotic experiences. They consider these to be a milder form of the experiences that people have, who go on to develop disorders like schizophrenia in adulthood.
Teenagers who have them are more likely - though certainly not guaranteed - to develop psychotic disorders in later life. So scientists say identifying them at this stage could provide an opportunity to intervene ahead of time.
But they reassure parents that long-term psychotic disorders are rare and most teenagers who go through these experiences do not go on to develop them.
The NHS says that traumatic experiences, stress, alcohol and drug abuse can all trigger episodes of psychosis.
Researchers say anyone who is concerned about an adolescent's mental health should speak to their GP or seek urgent medical advice if the problem is immediate.


Which beer do brewers prefer? I once went for a drink with a man who makes some of Britain's best-selling lagers, the sort that pretend to come from continental Europe, Australia and America but are really made "under licence" in such places as south London and West Yorkshire. "What will you have?" I asked. "A pint of Fuller's London Pride," he responded expectantly.
I sometimes find myself in social mode in Britain's - once the world's - brewing capital, Burton-on-Trent. If my fellow drinkers work at different breweries, their ecumenical choice is always Marston's Pedigree.
I have just been in Burton for a massive sampling in the company of three-dozen working brewers, two-thirds of than from various corners of Britain, the rest from another nine or 10 countries, ranging from Finland to New Zealand. They were to spend two days tasting their way, in groups of four or five, through 862 lagers, ales, porters, stouts and barley wines from 30 countries.
Taking into account different strengths, and the distinctions between cask, keg, bottles and cans, there would be 50-odd awards. Entries ranged from Aass Fatol of Norway, and John Willie Lees's Moonraker from Manchester to the proudest brews of Vietnam and Swaziland. By the end of the two days, each judge would have sampled about 100 beers, and the verdicts would decide the 1994 Brewing Industry International Awards.
It is all very well to decorate a beer label with grand-looking gold medals from the 1909 World's Fair in Ruritania but a brewer would much prefer to win in Burton.
These biennial awards, established a century ago at the height of British imperial influence, are unusual in their geographical compass, and in the fact that they are judged exclusively by working brewers. It is all very well to decorate a beer label with grand-looking gold medals from the 1909 World's Fair in Ruritania but a brewer would much prefer to win in Burton.
The competition is held in stone-cloistered rooms, lit by stained-glass windows, in Burton town hail, originally the Liberal Club. It was given to the town by Michael Thomas Bass, third patriarch of the brewing dynasty. Outside sits a statue of Michael Arthur Bass, first Baron Burton.
There was no question of my being allowed judge but I was - after several special pleadings - allowed to sample, and to talk with panellists after they had voted. I sat next to Vera Honigova, who is in charge of quality at the biggest lager brewery in Prague. She was enjoying the lagers but having some difficulty with the fruitier flavours of the ales. Her friend Kiki Fredman had no such problems. "British ales? I love them!" she rejoiced. Her brewery, in lager-drinking Sweden, has just launched a pale ale. I tried it later, and found it deliciously honeyish.
"I haven't had a bad beer all week," the American judge told me. Such enthusiasm was not evident when the panels were actually in action. In August, when the Campaign for Real Ale holds its annual judging, activists will be heard praising the soothingly rich maltiness of this brew, the appetisingly hoppy dryness of that one. When brewers judge beers, they aim to identify faults, and to eliminate on that basis.
One judge complained that the hops in a particular beer were "biting my nose". Another found a beer so bitter that it was "shrinking my tongue. Seamus McGardle of Guinness, rejected a lager on the grounds that it was cabbagey. "Sulphur dioxide," pronounced Esko Pajunen from Finland. He is another lager-brewer whose company has recently launched an ale, as Finland's answer to Newcastle Brown.
The classic Continental lagers do have a slightly sulphurous note, though it is most often compared to onion or parsnip. Have a sniff next time you sample a L�wenbrau or a Grolsch. This characteristic, called dimethyl sulphide, derives from Continental malts and methods. Without a hint of it, a lager does not taste truly Continental. With too much, it smells like soup.
The most traditional lagers come from the Czech Republic and Germany, but those two countries were together represented by only six breweries. When the town hall Wurlitzer struck up rising chords to indicate section winners, one brewery, Dominion of New Zealand, had won seven awards for lagers and three for ales.
Whatever they themselves drink, brewers clearly think that beers need to be rather bland and sugary-tasting to sell well.
I expressed surprise, and one of the organisers reminded me that the judges were charged with identifying beer that were not only well made but also likely to be commercial. Whatever they themselves drink, brewers clearly think that beers need to be rather bland and sugary-tasting to sell well.
"A really characterful beer could never win," one judge shrugged. With prizes for Fosters and Castlemaine, but none for Pete's Wicked Ale or Chimay Grande Reserve, I could only agree.
When it came to cask-conditioned ales (with 267 entries), I found it easier to go along with the judges. Bass, seized the mild-ale award with its chocolatey Highgate Dark. Mansfield Brewery won prizes for two nutty-tasting bitters. The section for extra-strong bitters was deservedly conquered by the aromatic, dry, hoppy Spitfire Ale, from Shepherd Neame of Faversham, and the same brewery's Bishop's Finger came second, with the robust Firkin Dogbolter, from London, third.
Then there was the question of which beer the brewers drank after judging hours. The beers were numbered, not named, but a clamour of judges found their way to one in particular. When all was revealed, that turned out to be Timothy Taylor's very hoppy Landlord Bitter, from Keighley, Yorkshire.
The overall winners were announced yesterday. Champion draught Lager was Coors Extra Gold from Colorado, brewed under licence by Scottish and Newcastle in Manchester. The top cask-conditioned ale was Riding Bitter from Mansfield. Other champions: bottled lager, D B Export Thy, New Zealand; mild, Cameron's, Hartlepool; keg ale, Bombardier, Bedford; strong brew, Stallion Stout, Barbados.


Do you think that this dish is an Italian dish? The name tetrazzini sounds Italian but actually it is an American dish. It consists of pasta, poultry or seafood, butter, cream, milk, sherry, cream of mushroom soup and Parmesan cheese. This version of shrimp tetrazzini is already adapted to the Pinoy taste. In case you are wondering where to get the shrimp juice, it is made by pounding the shrimp heads in a mortar and pestle or you can put it in a blender with 3/4 cup of water. Then strain in a cheese cloth or fine sieve to get the juice.
To cook shrimp tetrazzini; Pre-heat oven to 375 °F. Cook spaghetti according to package directions or your can follow this spaghetti recipe pasta cooking direction. Drain and set aside. Heat a saucepan and put butter. When butter is heated saute garlic, onions, mushrooms and shrimps for a few minutes. In a bowl combine and mix cream of mushroom soup, milk, shrimp juice and sherry. Pour over the sauteed mixture. Allow to boil for 10 minutes and stir occasionally to avoid burning. Arrange layers of spaghetti in a casserole and top each layer with the shrimp mixture. Sprinkle with grates Parmesan cheese and chopped parsley. Bake at least 25 minutes until cooked. If desired, you can place it under a broiler to brown the cheese.
pasta cooking direction. Drain and set aside.
Heat a saucepan and put butter. When butter is heated saute garlic, onions, mushrooms and shrimps for a few minutes.
In a bowl combine and mix cream of mushroom soup, milk, shrimp juice and sherry.
Pour over the sauteed mixture. Allow to boil for 10 minutes and stir occasionally to avoid burning.
Arrange layers of spaghetti in a casserole and top each layer with the shrimp mixture.
Sprinkle with grates Parmesan cheese and chopped parsley.
Bake at least 25 minutes until cooked. If desired, you can place it under a broiler to brown the cheese.


When would I use an interrobang?
An interrobang is a punctuation mark that combines a question mark (?) and an explanation mark (!).
What?! It cost how much‽ Are they questions or explanations? Instead of typing two punctuation marks, you can type an interrobang.
If you're preparing a print document, you can find 4 variations of the interrobang in the font Wingdings2. For web documents, type ‽ in the HTML code. But, the symbol doesn't exist in most fonts on mobile devices.


Can Labour de-toxify the anti-Semitism row?
Mr Serwotka is general secretary of the largest civil service trade union, the Public and Commercial Services Union, a post he has held since December 2000. He was re-elected in 2005, 2009 and 2014.
In 2015 he was among people banned from voting in Labour’s leadership election on the grounds they did not share the party’s “aims and values” – new rules had allowed non-members to vote as “registered supporters”.
In 2016, he rejoined the Labour Party after 25 years, saying Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership offered a “genuine break from the past”.
On Wednesday it was announced that had been elected TUC president for the coming year.
Labour has been dealing with a row about the extent of anti-Semitism within the party for more than two years. A 2016 inquiry, carried out by Shami Chakrabarti, concluded that while the Labour Party was not overrun by anti-Semitism, there was an “occasionally toxic atmosphere”.
But the row over the way the leadership has handled anti-Semitism allegations continued and dominated media coverage of the party over the summer.
There was much controversy over a new code of conduct the party adopted on anti-Semitism, amid criticism it did not go as far as the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s guidelines.
Veteran MP Frank Field quit the party’s parliamentary group in August, saying the leadership was becoming a “force for anti-Semitism in British politics”.
He has stressed that people who hold anti-Semitic views “have no place in the Labour Party” and said people who use “anti-Semitic poison” are not his supporters, nor do they speak for him or the party.


(CNSNews.com) - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who as Iran's supreme leader is commander in chief of the Iranian military, predicted last week that terrorists would acquire nuclear weapons and "take away security from all the tyrants of the world."
In his speech at the tomb of his predecessor, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Khamenei made it clear that he understood America to be the leader among "the tyrants of the world."
Khamenei gave the speech to mark the 19th anniversary of the death of Ayatollah Khomeini, who died on June 3, 1989, ten years after he sparked a revolution in Iran that overthrew the regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, a U.S. ally, and instituted a Shiite Islamic theocracy.
Khamenei's speech was presented as a review of the lessons that Ayatollah Khomeini taught in his "last will and testament."
While predicting that terrorists would obtain nuclear weapons, Khamenei claimed Iran was not interested in obtaining nuclear weapons itself, but only wanted to develop nuclear energy.
At one point during Khamenei's speech, according to a translated transcript published by the BBC, the crowd at the mausoleum chanted: "Death to Israel." At other points, it chanted: "Palestine is victorious, Israel is defeated," and "Nuclear energy, our absolute right."
Khamenei's virulent attacks on Israel appeared to echo the rhetoric of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who has said that "Israel should be wiped off the map."
At Khomeini's tomb on Tuesday, Khamenei, who holds more power than Ahmadinejad under Iran's Islamic revolutionary constitution, lashed out at both America and "Arabic nations" for allowing Israel to "stand on its feet."
"Other nations, just like the Iranian nation, consider Israel as a false and imposed regime in the region," said Khamenei, according to the BBC translation. "The Zionist regime has no power by itself and cannot stand on its own feet. Today, two factors have helped the Zionist regime stand on its feet. First, the unconditional and despicable support of America for this decadent regime, and second is lack of support of Islamic and Arabic nations for the Palestinian people."
Khamenei claimed Iran was not interested in pursuing nuclear weapons because they are against "Islamic beliefs," but said that terrorists would get nuclear weapons.
"The Iranian nation is against such weapons based on its religious and Islamic beliefs as well as based on logic and wisdom. Nuclear weapons have no benefit but high costs to manufacture and keep them," he said, according to the BBC translation. "Nuclear weapons do not bring power to a nation because they are not applicable. Nuclear weapons cannot be used."
A moment later he added, "Before long, the world's terrorists will have access to nuclear weapons and take away security from all the tyrants of the world and all the nations of the world."
Khamenei told the chanting crowd at the mausoleum that the late Ayatollah Khomeini's advice to them was to resist America, and -- in a probable allusion to the Iranian-backed Mahdi Army in Iraq -- said that some Iranians even now were following Khomeini's advice.
Citing Khomeini's last will and testament, Khamenei also predicted that Iran's Islamic revolution would spread around the world as people elsewhere were inspired by the things it had done for Iran.
"The spread of revolution amongst nations is through presenting a blueprint for an Islamic Republic ... when the nations see this blueprint they become so overjoyed that they would follow it," he said.
Gen. David Petraeus, who has been nominated to head the U.S. Central Command, warned the Senate Armed Services Committee two weeks about Iran's pursuit of nuclear technology and its persistence in fighting "proxy wars" across the Middle East.
"It persists in its non-transparent pursuit of nuclear technology and continues to fund, train and arm dangerous militia organizations," Petraeus told the committee. "Iran's activities have been particularly harmful in Iraq, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories and Afghanistan. In each location, Tehran has, to varying degrees, fueled proxy wars in an effort to increase its influence and pursue its regional ambitions."


Physical activity is the movement of body with muscles by using energy. Exercise, walking, climbing the stairs, briskly pushing, dancing are the physical activities. To maintain body fit and healthy should do physical activity. Moderate physical activities are bicycling, dancing, golf, water aerobics, tennis, walking briskly etc. vigorous physical activities are running, jogging, walking very fast, swimming, aerobics, and basketball. Review articles are the summary of current state of understanding on a particular research topic. They analyze or discuss research previously published by scientist and academicians rather than reporting novel research results. Review article comes in the form of systematic reviews and literature reviews and are a form of secondary literature. Systematic reviews determine an objective list of criteria, and find all previously published original research papers that meet the criteria. They then compare the results presented in these papers. Literature reviews, by contrast, provide a summary of what the authors believe are the best and most relevant prior publications. The concept of "review article" is separate from the concept of peer-reviewed literature. It is possible for a review to be peer-reviewed, and it is possible for a review to be non-peer-reviewed.


Where is the Olympic spirit in British sports funding?
"Up to 1,800 would-be participants are trying to pull in private sponsorship to keep their hopes alive. Some have already slipped out of their sports altogether after they were withdrawn from the World Class Performance Programme (WCPP) because they were judged to be falling below the punishing performance standards set for them. Many more are eking a living making personal appearances and working in pubs and supermarkets while trying to find a way back to the top in time to qualify for the Games."
This is just the latest episode in what I think of as both a scandal and a sporting tragedy.
The beginning of the process took place almost two years ago when UK Sport, the agency that funds elite athletes and GB teams in preparation for the Olympics, announced that eight of Britain's 26 Olympic sports -- almost a third of the total -- were having their funding cut rather than increased in the run-up to the Games. This has obviously crippled those sports in terms of preparation, and in some cases has led to sports or individual athletes failing to qualify for the Olympics at all.
Had baseball and softball still been Olympic sports at London 2012, the same thing would have happened to us, because UK Sport funding is all about medal prospects. And our sports -- like table tennis, volleyball, handball and a number of others -- do not have a track record of Olympic medal success.
The finance available to fund athlete training has mushroomed in advance of the London Olympic Games, from £58.9m before the Sydney Olympics to £264m for the 2009-2013 Olympic cycle. But increased support has brought with it inflexible demands for better performances. UK Athletics has cut funding to numerous individuals, including heptathletes Kelly Sotherton and Louise Hazel, and now money is being taken away from a large number of other athletes in sports where funding overall has actually increased.
UK Sport has a name -- or at least a slogan -- for all this. They proudly call it their "No Compromise" investment policy, designed to "ensure that investment is targeted where it has the greatest chance of success".
If "No Compromise" means anything at all, it sounds a lot like government ministers saying they have to make "tough decisions," which usually means the poorest (not the ministers) are going to get it in the neck.
My feeling is that the British government and UK Sport has lost sight of what the Olympic Games are supposed to be all about.
A country, if it's lucky, gets to host the Olympics once in a generation. And when that happens, it should be a celebration of sport in the host country -- a celebration in which all sports, or at least all Olympic sports, can share.
When your country hosts the Olympics, then all of your Olympic sports should get their funding increased so they have the best possible chance of doing themselves proud in front of their home supporters. By all means give the most money to sports that have shown they can deliver medals -- but make sure all of your Olympic sports can take advantage of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. And make sure that all of your athletes with Olympic potential have the best possible chance to achieve Olympic standards and make the Olympic team.
To me, UK Sport's focus on "only the best", driven by a government that wants to gain political capital from medal success at the London Games, is mean and short-sighted at best and borderline obscene at worst.
It runs counter to what I think of as the Olympic spirit, and it certainly runs counter to some of the legacy aims that got London the Games in the first place.
But then, it's a policy in perfect tune with the spirit of the times, in which those that have shall get more and those that have not can get stuffed like the late-lamented seasonal turkey.


Which LCD technology was used in Game and Watch?
Was the LCD technology in Game & Watch passive (or active)?
If so, was the technology used Twisted Nematics (and at which point, if at all, were Super Twisted Nematics employed, and in which latter models)?
Leading on from Thomas's excellent answer to the question, Main board of the original Game & Watch (Ball), does anyone know what sort of LCD technology was used in the Game and Watch devices?
I wondered what the answer was to the need for constant toggling, and decided to research the topic.
The Wikipedia G&W - Models section lists the release dates which range from 1980 to 1991. Bearing that in mind, I looked up which LCD technologies were available at these dates.
The Wikipedia entry for the history of the LCD during the 1970s and 80s, states that Twisted Nematic (TN) field effect LCDs were available when the G&W was first conceived. Later, in 1983, Super-Twisted Nematic (STN) structure for passive matrix addressed LCDs was invented, and so would have been available for the later models of G&W.
In 1971 the company of Fergason ILIXCO (now LXD Incorporated) produced the first LCDs based on the TN-effect, which soon superseded the poor-quality DSM types due to improvements of lower operating voltages and lower power consumption.
STN LCDs have to be continuously refreshed by alternating pulsed voltages of one polarity during one frame and pulses of opposite polarity during the next frame.
A voltage of about 1 V is required to make the crystal align itself with the field, and no current passes through the crystal itself. Thus the electrical power required for that action is very low.
So, to summarise, are my assumptions correct, and TN was used in the earlier models of G&W? Also, was STN used in latter models? If so, at which point was STN employed and for which G&W models?
From the article Game & Watch there are a number of references to the fact that when the G&W was designed LCD screens were crude, and with limited size/resolution yet cheap and plentiful, but the actual type of LCD used in not mentioned.
1 The reason why polarity reversal is required is answered by this answer to the question Do Twisted Nematic LCD need refresh (polarity reversal)?
This is going to be hard to answer with any substantial evidence. Ideally, we'd like a hardware geek with a sharp eye to pick out hints from tear-down or upgrade videos found in the usual places.
But, we do know that the original Game and Watch design was guided by the Lateral Thinking of Withered Technology philosophy. By design, the whole platform depended on the most mature, dependable, and economical hardware available at the time.
According to Nintendo lore, this meant eschewing newer LCD tech that was faster, clearer and used less energy in favour of whatever the big standard LCD devices of the day used.
I'm actually not sure what that specific mature LCD tech would be called then or today, but that is certainly what was used for the Game and Watch platform.
But given the design constraints and the era, it was probably some sort of TN or active matrix.
Your assumptions are reasonable, TN is most likely.
DSM appears never to have been mainstream. TN LCDs provided better visual quality at lower power and took over pretty much as soon as they were on the market.
STN's advantage over TN is in LCD matrices — that is, big arrays of pixels like a laptop screen where individual wires for each pixel would be impractical. STN's sharper voltage-response curve makes it less prone to smearing/ghosting effects when wired up in a row/column matrix. But the Game & Watch didn't need a matrix, it used discrete LCD segments. So there was no need for the more advanced STN technology.
Any kind of actve-matrix tech (TFT et cetera) is similarly ruled out as unnecessary and expensive. When there's no matrix at all, the advantages of active over passive matrix don't come into play.
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How do you remove an LCD bubble on an unmodified Game Boy?


The domain within your query sequence starts at position 27 and ends at position 378; the E-value for the LAX domain shown below is 2.4e-172.
LAX is a family of proteins is found in chordates. LAX is membrane-associated and expressed in B cells, T cells, and other lymphoid-specific cell types. It down-regulates antigen-receptor signalling in T cells by inhibiting TCR-mediated p38 MAPK activation [(PUBMED:12359715), (PUBMED:15843560)].


2) Grease a 20cm x 30cm rectangular tin and line the base and both long sides of the tin with baking paper leaving 5cm above the sides of the tin.
3) Beat Sugar, Egg and Softened butter in a bowl with an electric whisk until light and fluffy.
4) Sift together the plain and self raising flours and then stir into the beaten mixture.
5) Carefully spread the mixture over the baking paper in the tin.
6) Spread the jam evenly over the mixture.
7) For the topping, lightly whisk together the eggs and then stir in sugar and coconut.
9) Bake for about 35 minutes, cool in the tin and then cut into rectangles to serve.


Nobel-winning contribution: Discoverers of mechanisms of autophagy (self-eating) in Eukaryotic cell.
Fact 2: What is Autophagy?
Macroautophagy (“self-eating”, also called as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved process whereby the eukaryotic cell recycles part of its own content by sequestering a portion of the cytoplasm in a double-membrane vesicle that is delivered to the lysosome for digestion.
Fact 3: Major Functions or why Autophagy is important?
Autophagy removes long-lived proteins, large macro-molecular complexes of carbohydrates proteins etc and damaged organelles. It is the only process capable of destroying whole organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, autophagy plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
It mediates the digestion and recycling of non-essential parts of the cell during starvation.
It is involved in the removal of old or aged cellular components creating space or new ones.
It is involved in immune response; capable of clearing invading microorganisms and toxic protein aggregates, and therefore plays an important role during infection, in ageing and in the pathogenesis of many human diseases.
It is linked to physiological processes including embryogenesis and cell differentiation, adaptation to starvation and other types of stress, as well as pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infections.
He discovered the mechanism of autophagy which is a fundamental process in cell physiology with major implications for human health and disease.
He discovered 15 genes of key importance for autophagy in budding yeast.
Further, he cloned several of these genes in yeast and mammalian cells and elucidated the function of the encoded proteins.
First question he posed was about the existence of autophagy in unicellular organisms like yeast.
The yeast vacuole is the functional equivalent of the mammalian lysosome. If vacuolar enzymes are inactivated, accumulation of cytoplasmic components in the vacuole indicates the existence of autophagy in yeast.
He developed yeast strains that lacked vacuolar enzymes. He found that autophagic bodies accumulated in the vacuole when the engineered yeast were grown in nutrient deprived medium19 or exposed to starve, producing an abnormal vacuole that was visible under a light microscope.
He thus identified a unique phenotype that could be used to discover genes that control the induction of autophagy.
By inducing random mutations in yeast cells lacking vacuolar proteases, Ohsumi identified the first mutant that could not accumulate autophagic bodies in the vacuole; he named this gene autophagy 1 (APG1). Later, he found out 15 genes named APG1-15 that is essential for activation of autophagy in eukaryotic cell.


The Pew Research Center Internet Project did a survey of teens who use social media to explore how well they understood privacy. For an interactive, we wanted to challenge parents to see if they knew what their children were sharing online.
Yet we also knew that non-parents would want to use this interactive, so it starts with the question “do you have a teenage child using social media?” Depending on the answer we reword the questions and feedback.
After answering, we explain the data point to the user and allow them to tweet the specific finding.
This particular type of interactive has not proven popular among users, but our researchers enjoy how well it connects users with our findings.


Which one is more reliable - RAID 5 or RAID1?
From the disk failure point of view, these arrays are the same. Both survive a single member disk failure.
From the recovery point of view, RAID 1 is much simpler. For example, in case of a controller failure, RAID5 requires using a RAID recovery software first to determine RAID parameters and may then require the use of a data recovery software to retrieve data; while for a RAID1, each of the mirror disks is most likely usable on its own.
Which one is more reliable - RAID 5 or RAID10?
From the reliability point of view, RAID 5 and RAID10 are the same because both survive a single disk failure. However, RAID 10 is a little better since its performance doesn't degrade that bad when a disk fails; another aspect is that RAID10 can survive a multiple disk failure with non-zero probability. Strictly, probabilities are not taken into account when speaking about reliability. Reliability is something that is guaranteed. If you want something more reliable than a RAID5, get a RAID6.
How does a RAID5 provide fault tolerance?
RAID5 is a fault tolerant array because it stores not only data itself, but also the values of the XOR function calculated from the array data, so called "parity". If some of the data is lost, it is still possible to restore data from the rest of the data and parity by simple calculations.
For different RAID layouts the term "rebuild" means different things. For RAID 5 and RAID 6 rebuild is a process when a parity is calculated and written to the disks. For RAID 1 and RAID 10 rebuild is a data copying to get a redundancy. During the rebuild all the array data is read.
Usually the rebuild is performed in a background, therefore you can access the RAID during the rebuild, albeit slow. Until the first rebuild is complete, a RAID doesn't provide fault tolerance. For large arrays, the rebuild can take a several days.
What is a RAID5 write hole?
RAID5 write hole is a condition of a RAID5 array when some of the parity blocks do not match the corresponding data. Most often a write hole occurs when a power failure happens during the write operation. In this case a controller has time to write data only but not parity. To avoid accumulating write holes, one should use an UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) or BBU (Battery Backup Unit). Additionally, periodical array rebuilds correct accumulated inconsistencies.


1) Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightly coat bottom of 8x10" square pan with margarine.
2) Stir the soymilk, water and vinegar together. Pour into medium sized bowl. Add the molasses, brown sugar, vean mayonnaise, salt, ginger, flour and baking soda. Mix until moistened then pour into pan.
3) Stir the coffee and brown sugar together and pour over the top of the batter. Bake for 40 to 45 minutes. Let cool on wire rack for at least 20 minutes. These go really good with coffee.
Source of recipe: I modified the ingredients of a vegetarian mayonaise cake recipe and came up with this healthier version. Instead of using one cup of mayonaise, I reduced the amount to half a cup and used Veganaise intead. I added iron-rich blackstrap molasses and topped the batter with sweetened coffee.


Saccharomyces boulardii and diatomaceous earth - are these failsafe supplements that can help with irritable bowel symptoms?
Probiotics and silica supplements are not mentioned by RPAH, although many failsafe-friendly dietitians recommend probiotics AFTER the strict elimination diet.
Howard and I have been using SB extensively for about four years while travelling overseas and find it really helps to prevent or treat travellers’ diarrhoea. As well, I had noticed that it helps enormously to prevent or treat IB-related bloating and flatulence. When we first started using these probiotics no one had heard of them but now they seem to have become mainstream. We were surprised recently when buying antibiotics for our Nepal medkit that the pharmacist actually recommended taking Saccharomyces boulardii at the same time. There is considerable scientific evidence, see further reading below.
2. Diatomaceous earth (DE) as a silica supplement, is it failsafe?
This supplement is not mentioned in the RPAH Handbook but it appears to be failsafe and we are hearing from people that it helps.
Obviously, because is not recommended by RPAH, it is not suitable during your strict RPAH elimination diet.
Silica supplements are considered to be very safe because they are inert - but for failsafers it is important to get one with no added flavour or other non-failsafe ingredients. (Caution: there is an Alkawell product that is definitely NOT failsafe due to the aloe vera juice ingredient that is high in salicylates). We think DE is probably failsafe because it has no added or natural flavour.
Although silica has been used for trials of bone density (it helps for osteoporosis and anything to do with bone and connective tissue problems), it hasn't been trialled for irritable bowel - but everyone says the first thing it does is to establish bowel regularity whether you suffer from irritable bowel symptoms with predominantly constipation or diarrhoea.
Our 2015 trip to Nepal involved 40 days trekking along the Tibetan border in the remotest region on the planet. It was the toughest trip we've ever done and I managed without any travellers’ diarrhoea. I was taking 2 Travel Bug and 1 tsp of DE every day; by the end of the trip we were running low on Travel Bug so Howard was taking one Travel Bug a day and no DE and on the last day of the trek he came down with a nasty bug (that I managed to avoid) for which he had to take antibiotics. My opinion is that the DE helped with that too and I am usually the one who has the problems.
It is usually recommended to take DE in water, milk, juice or tea. Obviously to be failsafe, forget the juice or tea. I have found the most palatable way for me to take it is in water, decaf coffee or a carob drink (carob powder with water and/or soymilk). Most people start with one teaspoon per day and work their way up to one tablespoon per day (NOTE: you have to expect a cleanout in the first couple of days).
If you decide to use it I would be very interested to hear what you think of it. Please understand that this is NOT a recommended part of the RPAH diet and it should NOT be used with the RPAH diet. Some people may like to try after they have finished a dietitian-supervised trial of the RPAH elimination diet.
While silica has been used for trials of bone density (it helps for osteoporosis, anything to do with bone and connective tissue problems), it hasn't been trialled for irritable bowel - but everyone says the first thing it does is to establish bowel regularity.
Abstract: Physicians are aware of the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. However, additional nutritional components may also be important for bone health. There is a growing body of the scientific literature which recognizes that silicon plays an essential role in bone formation and maintenance. Silicon improves bone matrix quality and facilitates bone mineralization. Increased intake of bioavailable silicon has been associated with increased bone mineral density. Silicon supplementation in animals and humans has been shown to increase bone mineral density and improve bone strength. Dietary sources of bioavailable silicon include whole grains, cereals, beer, and some vegetables such as green beans. Silicon in the form of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2), is a common food additive but has limited intestinal absorption. More attention to this important mineral by the academic community may lead to improved nutrition, dietary supplements, and better understanding of the role of silicon in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.


[b][u]Personality:Damon was originally a very free-spirited young man, who was best friends with his younger brother Stefan Salvatore, who was instantly smitten with the vampire Katherine Pierce. His carefree life fell apart when Stefan betrayed Damon by alluding to their father that Katherine was a vampire; information that resulted in Katherine being trapped and taken to a church to be burned. Damon was very naive as a human, loving Katherine deeply and recklessly, regardless of the consequences and not caring that his father was shamed of him, and doing whatever he could to get her back, even if it resulted in his death.
As a human, Damon also held a sense of duty as he enrolled in the confederacy, however their father saw him as very irresponsible and reckless, proving he was very much a free spirit who did things on a whim, taking no mind to what people thought. Damon could be considered much the opposite to his brother in many regards. Whilst they both were respectful and polite, Damon had a dark side which came to play when he fell in love with Katherine, he willingly drank her blood and conspired with her to kill innocent humans, a trait which passed on to his vampire lifestyle.
[b][u]History of how your character became what he/she is now?
Damon wanted to give up his human life and spend an eternity with Katherine, and he begged Stefan to keep the secret from their father, who was a member of the Town Council and a vampire-hater. When Stefan inadvertently revealed that Katherine was a vampire, she was taken away by the townspeople. Their father was furious and scolded Damon for trying to conceal her secret and protect her. Damon was furious with Stefan, but Stefan agreed to work with him to rescue her. In the midst of their daring plan, they were both shot and killed by Giuseppe, who was ashamed of his sons for sympathizing with and loving a vampire. They both died with Katherine’s blood in their systems, but Damon awakened first and witnessed the burning of Fell's Church, where the townspeople had imprisoned the vampires, including Katherine.When Stefan awoke the next morning, Damon told him that Katherine’s death meant his reason for living was gone, and he wouldn't complete his transition into a vampire. Later that day, when Stefan returned after being unable to resist feeding on his own father, and inadvertently completing the transition, he forced Damon to drink from a young woman’s neck, causing Damon also completed his transition. He promised Stefan an eternity of misery, not for making him turn but for the fact that Katherine had turned Stefan as well, instead of just Damon. At some point Damon received a daylight ring from Emily Bennett. She told Damon that she had spared the vampires in the church, which Damon kept secret from Stefan until 145 years later, when he would be able to free Katherine from the church.
[b][u]General History: He was born in 1840 and lived in the colonial town of Mystic Falls with his brother Stefan and his father, Giuseppe Salvatore. He became a vampire in 1864. At the time of his return to Mystic Falls, Damon and Stefan hadn't seen each other in fifteen years due to their bitter, violent relationship.
Damon’s sole purpose in coming back to Mystic Falls was to free Katherine Pierce, the vampire who turned him and the woman he deeply loved. After realizing that Katherine never loved him, Damon started working with Stefan and Katherine’s descendant and doppelgänger, Elena Gilbert, whom he eventually falls in love and begins a romantic relationship with. He currently lives with his girlfriend, Elena (when she isn't away at college), and her brother, Jeremy Gilbert in the Salvatore Boarding House. For the majority of the first season, Damon was the main antagonist but began to change because of Elena and sometimes his brother.
Because of the impact Elena has had on him, he protects her, her family, and frequently her friends. Damon has been helping Elena with her new found vampirism.
His best friend is Elena Gilbert. After Alaric's death, he continues to think of him as his best friend, "brother", and drinking buddy.
Accepted, Welcome to Crystal Waters!


2015 - A Great Year for The Movies?
Blackhat (January 16) is a cyber-crime thriller from Michael Mann. It should be timely and exciting.
Jupiter Ascending (February 6th), from the Wachowskis, could be great. They certainly succeeded in adapting David Mitchell's overblown novel, Cloud Atlas.
Early reviews for Kingsman: The Secret Service (February 13) are quite good. It will be great to see Mark Hamill back on the big screen.
I'm enough of a Joss Whedon fanboy that I'll see Avengers: Age of Ultron (May 1), even though I never really felt that anything was at stake in the first film.
Tomorrowland (May 22) may be the movie I'm most interested in, simply because it's directed by the great Brad Bird. Tomorrowland is inspired by the Disney theme park "land," which seems ridiculous, but the teaser is great.
Pixar is releasing two movies this year. The first is Inside Out (June 19), which shows the inner workings of a young girl's brain. Maybe it will help me understand my daughters.
It's hard not to be excited about Jurassic World (June 12). Even if it ends up being silly (trained raptors?), it looks like fun. It's always great fun when dinosaurs attack, right?
I keep hearing about Midnight Special (November 25), which tells the story of a father trying to protect his super-powered son from the government. Superhero films are more interesting to me when they take place in the real world.
Pixar's second release, The Good Dinosaur (November 25), pretends that dinosaurs survived long enough to live with humans. Will I be the only one in the theater hoping for a bloodbath?
The Martian (November 25th) is Ridley Scott's adaptation of Andy Weir's excellent novel about a NASA astronaut stranded on Mars, with a script by Drew Goddard. That's three movies on 11/25. Please don't schedule anything for me next Thanksgiving.
Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight (TBD) is being filmed in Colorado in 65MM. It should be a brutal good time.
Green Room (TBD) is the second film from Jeremy Sauliner. His revenge thriller Blue Ruin was so good I will line up for this no matter what it's about.
I'm disappointed that Mad Max: Fury Road (May 15) is rated PG-13, just like Beyond Thunderdome. But the trailer looks good and early reviews are positive. Does George Miller still have it? I love original Poltergeist and will be reading reviews about the remake (July 24) to see if it's worth my time. The same goes for The Terminator: Genisys [sic] (July 1).
And then there's The Force Awakens (December 18). I stopped seeing new Star Wars movies after Episode II, and frankly I wasn't very impressed with Abrams' Star Trek reboots. I never really cared about the characters and those movies put style over substance. Does it really make sense to build the Enterprise on Earth instead of in orbit? No, but it looks cool. Do crossguards make sense on a lightsaber? Same answer. But it won't be easy to stay away from another adventure for Han, Luke, & Leia. The jury is still out on this one.
One last note - 2015 is the 40th anniversary of JAWS. How about a re-release this summer, Universal?
What do you think? Which movies are you most excited about? What's missing from this list?


4 steps end your hard starting engine problem. Including electrical, fuel, tune up, and worn engine fixes, tips, products needed.
I'll show you a simple way to use the expert mechanics steps to determine how to find an end your hard starting engine problem.
Is it a electrical problem?
Start with the battery. Do this battery check. Turn your lights and a/c fan on, key on, for 3 minutes - motor not running. A good battery will have enough reserve power left after 3 minutes to spin the motor and starter and start your car nicely - if it does, the battery is good.
If your battery is more than 4 years old, it may not be any good. Most mechanics and parts stores have a device that can check a discharged battery and tell if its good or not. It may just need a charge - they can provide it, for you.
Jumper cables from a good battery to yours can start your car, even if your battery is no good. This will get you to a store for a new battery - but keep the motor running until you get to the store, as the battery may not start your motor again.
Started check. The started is a powerful little motor. After 100,000 miles enough dirt and wear on its contacts will cause several no-start problems. It chatters trying to start, and you know the battery is good. The Key is in the cranking start position, but you hear nothing or a growl or a click. Or the motor spins with difficulty indicating the started is lazy or tired. All a sign the started needs replacement.
Alternator check. Once cranking to start the motor ends and the motor starts up, the alternator will put out extra voltage for a minute or two - if its good.
By noticing if the dash and headlights go brighter for a minute and then dim slightly - if so - the alternator is OK.
If the battery goes dead overnight but is good all day long its Diode problems. - These are 6 one way switches inside the alternator. When bad diodes can drain the battery of all its current - causing your dead battery. Replace alternator if bad. The same testing device that checks battery can also check the alternator to see if the diodes or another part in it is bad.
Ignition Problem? Cranks OK, runs rough: Check ignition coil, spark plug wires, and sparks. After 5 years and 100,000 miles, these need replacement if found to be at fault. A good coil will produce a blueish/orange - not orange, spark and jump an inch, when holding a spark plug wire an inch away from motor metal - and produce a spark spark spark spark, during motor cranking if good. Replace above parts if not.
Got gas? Can the motor get fuel? Spray a flammable carburetor spray into the manifold air intake for 3 seconds, then try to start the car. If it starts and then dies, you have a gas pressure check valve, or and a dirty fuel filter problem.
Some of these conditions will trigger a dash lite and a code to tell the problem area for you or the mechanic.
Those are the 3 steps to check for the source of your hard starting engine problem.
Using additives to help older and worn motors for faster, easier starting and running improvement. Tips and products needed. What works. What don't!
To end compression loss - blow-by power loss, and related wear and friction hard starting, and poorly running problems caused by residues, wear, friction, sticking valves, and lifters, and high mileage.
The above links will explain how your problem started, and how the products recommended to fix your hard starting engine problem. Ordering info on those pages.


Is Android POSIX-compatible? I know it uses the Linux kernel, but I'm not sure if that means it's POSIX compatible, as the POSIX standard deals more with userland functions. So, is it compatible?
For example, if I use only ANSI and POSIX functions in my C program, would it compile and run on Android without needing any code-changes?
GNU libc (glibc) is too big and complicated for mobile phones, so Android implements its own special version of libc which is Bionic libc, which itself does not fully support POSIX , one of the most lacking features in the android Bionic libc is pthread_cancel() so if you don't use it your code will probably do fine.
And also as @code monkey mentioned you can take a look to the bionic source code. You can find additional information here .
Android is not fully POSIX compatible. First what I can notice is default c library. As you may know it is called glibc. But Android has its own c library - bionic. Here are some notes.
Some functions within Bionic's POSIX and system call headers are stubs or wrappers for Android-specific behavior, causing unintended behavior in some instances.
Wide characters. Google's NDK doesn't support wide chars properly in C or C++. With the CrystaX NDK, you get full standard compliant wide characters support. You can easily port existing code that uses wide characters/strings/streams or write new code.
The most recent toolchains The CrystaX NDK includes the most recent versions of GCC and Clang compilers as well as stables. This allows developers to use new language abilities (such as new C++ 11 features). All compilers are built with high- and low-level optimizations which enables generation of the most efficient code for target hardware.
C++11 support Since the CrystaX NDK includes the most recent versions of GCC and Clang, it supports many new C++ 11 features listed on C++0x/C++11 Support in GCC and C++98 and C++11 Support in Clang. In addition, the CrystaX NDK offers fully working C++ 11 classes std::thread, std::mutex, std::chrono etc. These classes are not available in the Google NDK because of lack of functionality in Android Bionic libc. We have investigated this problem and fixed it, so in the CrystaX NDK you can just use them and forget about ifdefs.
Objective-C support The only languages the Google NDK supports are C and C++. The CrystaX NDK adds support of Objective-C in addition to C and C++. Only the core language is supported as of now; work on Cocoa-like libraries is in progress. To start using Objective-C in your project, just add source files with the extension .m (Objective-C) or .mm (Objective-C++) and specify them in LOCAL_SRC_FILES in Android.mk.
To be continued... If you don't see some great feature here, don't hesitate to contact us and ask for it. You can also use our issue/bug tracker to report bugs or feature requests. And, of course, contributions are welcome!
0 remaining missing POSIX libm functions.
Although bionic aims to implement all of C11 and POSIX, there are still (as of Oreo) about 70 POSIX functions missing from libc. There are also POSIX functions such as the endpwent/getpwent/setpwent family that are inapplicable to Android because it lacks a passwd database. As of Oreo, libm is complete.
Some functions deliberately do not conform to the POSIX or C standards for security reasons, such as printf which does not support the %n format string.
I know this answer is bit outdated, but it would supplement answers above.
Yes, Android is not POSIX-compatible, mainly because of it's libc (Bionic) restrictions. However, using CrystaX NDK you may not feel that difference so hard - just because using CrystaX NDK development for Android become much more POSIX-compatible. We've implemented many libc parts (buggy or absent in Bionic) on our own in libcrystax.so, core of CrystaX NDK, and did it without altering of typical development flow. We're going to improve it further, since libcrystax don't yet support full POSIX set, but as of now, it supports many things such as wide characters and string, full support for locales (locale-specific input and output), full math library including complex and type-generic functions, fully working backend for Standard C++ Library (two implementations available, on your choice - GNU libstdc++ or LLVM libc++) and tons of other fixes and improvements.
Just to show how CrystaX NDK makes native development for Android easier - we've included Boost 1.57.0 into CrystaX NDK 10.1.0, which we have built from it's sources without any modifications - just because in CrystaX NDK Boost stay on top of much more POSIX-conformant base than in Google's NDK.
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