Remove the two screws in in face of the mobile home switch. These screws are attached to wings that hold the switch in the wall. Once you remove these screws the wings almost always fall inside the wall, but don't worry the new switch has them on it. Once you have pulled the switch out pry the back plate off and before you remove the wires take note of how they are connected. I suggest drawing a diagram, label the wires and even taking a good close up picture with a digital camera in case you forget how it was wired. Now remove the wires by pulling them out of the V slots. Try not to damage or groove the conductors while doing so. Bending the V slots open with a pair of needle nose pliers will help. Now take the new switch and one by one insert the wires back into the V slots the same as they were in the old switch. I have found that the best way to do this is by using a pair lineman pliers also called side cutters to push the wires down. If you notice the wire insulation has a groove in it where it fits into the V slot to insure good contact. Do the new switch the same way. Now that the wires have been inserted into the V slots carefully snap the back plate onto the switch. Before you stick the mobile home switch back into the homes wall I suggest you try it out first.
Turn the power back on and try the switch. If the light comes on your in business, insert the switch back into the wall and tighten the wing screws. If not you will need to turn off the power open up the switch back and recheck your connections. Mobile Home Switch Wiring Diagram Remember: You need to cut the hot wire (black wire) in between the V slots for the mobile home switch to operate properly and DO NOT cut the neutral wire (white) or the ground wire as they pass straight through the switch from the power source to the light fixture.
Snap In Box and Standard Home Switch Installation This was an answer to an email about replacing a mobile home light switch, but also can apply to site built and modular homes. Yes, you can remove the original mobile homes electrical one piece switch box and use a "snap-in" or an "old work box" and insert this into the hole left by removing the old box. You will first need to enlarge the hole in the wall to accommodate it. Insert the wires into the snap in box slip the box into the wall and tighten the screws to lock it in place. Then just install a standard home switch. I am assuming that this is a single pole switch, meaning that the light is controlled from only one location. Inside the box twist the white wires together and cap them with a wire nut and connect the black wires to the screws on the switch. The bare ground wires will also just twist together in a pig tail fashion and then connect to the ground screw on the switch. More helpful information for testing a switch on the how to find open circuit page. If it is a two gang switch box, no sweat you can get a two gang snap in box and do both switches.
This switch light wiring diagram shows how to wire a light switch is for a circuit that has electrical power coming in at the light switch junction box. For new installation of lighting circuit if the switch controls more than one light you simply pig tail the wiring and then continue on to the homes next light fixture. If this is a replacement of an existing switch you do not need to do anything at the light fixtures. Look at the page for pigtail wiring if you need help. Look at the page for 3 way switch for help with that.
Be sure to wrap the wires around the terminal screws on the light switch when wiring a switch. I do not recommend using the quick wire holes for connections to the homes light switch.


Octopuses will carry around two halves of an empty coconut shell and then hide inside them to avoid predators, a team of Australian researchers reported in late 2009. (Videos of this trick are easy to find on YouTube.) Tool use is considered a mark of cognitive sophistication; aside from humans, only a few creaturesincluding some primates, certain birds, and dolphinshave been shown to make and use tools. So far, the octopus is the only invertebrate known to manipulate tools..
It requires a certain kind of smarts for a creature to recognize that its efforts to solve a problem aren't working, and then to switch to a new strategy. The octopus seems capable of just that. Clams, which make up a major portion of the octopus diet, are difficult to open: Some have shells weak enough to just yank open, while others require the octopus to drill into the shell or chip around the edges. Mather and her colleague Roland Anderson, a biologist formerly at the Seattle Aquarium, decided to surprise octopuses by wiring shut clams that are usually easy to open. After trying in vain to yank the shells open, the animals quickly changed their approach, drilling into the clams instead. "The octopus is very good at trying different strategies," Mather said.
Hanlon calls it "the moving rock trick": When an octopus has to move across the open sea, it will take on the appearance of a rock and slowly creep along the ocean floor. "What's really sophisticated," Hanlon said, "is that they will adjust their speed based upon the amount of apparent motion in the water." More motion to distract from the octopus, and the creature will move more quickly. If the sea is calm and still, the cephalopod tiptoes more slowly. "It takes a big brain, excellent eyes, and magnificent coordination to pull off this cunning trick," Hanlon said.
In the wild, an octopus may go out foraging for hours, winding through numerous different types of habitats. And then, "suddenly," Hanlon said, "they'll leap up in the water column and make a beeline back home." In laboratory experiments, Hanlon and others have shown that the cephalopods can recognize environmental landmarks and use them to navigate. It sounds simple, but it requires some serious smartsthe creatures are essentially creating abstract mental maps of their environments and then storing and retrieving them from their long-term memories.
Play, a behavior restricted to the most intelligent species, is a sign of an active mind at work, and there are some indications that an octopus can play. When Mather and Anderson placed an empty pill bottle in an octopus tank, they observed that several of the creatures would blow a jet of water at the bottle, pushing the container into the tank's water current, then wait for the current to bring the bottle back, and blow it away again. "It's the water equivalent of bouncing a ball," Mather said.
Subsequent studies, published in 2003 and 2006, documented play-like behavior with Legos. Whether this truly counts as "play" remains controversial: It can be tough to determine whether the octopus is playing with a new object or merely investigating it.


All the rulings for this card and it's interactions seem to say this without explicitly saying this and a clear answer would solve a lot of questions: Is the mission token conducting the attack?
ATTACK: Place 3 Time Tokens on this card, place a Mission Token within Range 1-2, and target all opposing ships witin Range 1 of the Mission Token.
Make a separate attack roll against each target ship. This attack cannot be obstructed by Obstacles or Planets. Discard the Mission Token after the attack is made.
The attacking ship is performing this attack (not the token).
Line of Fire is drawn from the Token (not the attacking ship).
The mission token is *not* conducting the attack.
So, for example if you had Donatra on a friendly ship, her +1 to friendly ships at range 1 would need to be within range 1 of the attacking ship, NOT of the Disruptor Bombardment Mission Token.


Director Rupert Sanders stands by casting of caucasian Johansson - "she's the best actress of her generation"
After initially revealing five teasing microtrailers, Paramount has revealed the first full length trailer for its upcoming live action adaptation of Ghost in the Shell.
The two-minute taste of the cyberpunk film - fronted by an introduction from lead actor Scarlett Johansson - continues to build the style and tone glimpsed in the short teasers, but also points to a key diversion from the original anime and manga source material.
In the original manga by Masamune Shirow, first published in Japan in 1989, the lead character Major Motoko Kusanagi is a cyborg police detective. Possessing a 'full body prosthetic' due to a traumatic accident, she is possessed of advanced augmented abilities and has become squad leader of Public Security Section 9, charged with investigating cybercrime in an age where consciousness can be digitally transferred between backup bodies, and artificial intelligence is prolific.
However, the upcoming film, directed by Snow White and the Huntsman's Rupert Sanders, sees Johansson's take on the character being manipulated by unseen forces. It's implied she has been saved by being given a robot body, but is later told that the process was done to her deliberately - that her life was stolen. She also has no memory of her life before being 'cyberneticised'.
It's not the only change that the live-action Ghost in the Shell has seen. Throughout all the trailers so far released, and in Johansson's introduction, her role is referred to only as 'The Major'. While this could well be playing into the memory loss aspect of the Paramount film, by removing the character's explicitly Japanese name, it also dodges the controversy over the white-washing of the role - despite rumours of testing visual effects to make Johansson look "more Asian".
It's a decision Sanders has stood by, though, saying at a press event in Tokyo: "To me, I cast very much from the gut and I think I was very lucky to be able to get an amazing international cast of people that I've always really wanted to work with."
On Johansson specifically, Sanders said: "I stand by my decision — she's the best actress of her generation. I was flattered and honoured that she would be in this film. I think, certainly people who were around the original anime, have been vehemently in support of her because she's incredible and there are very few like her."
The film hasn't entirely abandoned its Asian roots - it still appears to be set in Japan, and actors including Pilou Asbæk (appearing as Batou, The Major's partner), Takeshi Kitano, Chin Han, and Rila Fukushima are set to appear.
Ghost in the Shell opens in March 2017.


What are Dual Language Programs and Why are They so Popular?
Dual language programs are experiencing a surge in popularity, as educators find that the programs are extremely effective for both those learning English and for those who are already fluent in English.
Dual language programs educate children in two languages. Typically in the United States this means that half of the lessons are taught in English and the other half are taught in Spanish, though everything from Korean to Arabic has been used as a partner language. Dual language programs generally start at kindergarten level and continue through elementary school for at least five years. They include a mix of English language learners and fluent English speakers in the classroom, and aim for bilingualism alongside academic achievement equal to that of a single language school.
As well as nurturing academic achievement, dual language programs have been found to foster positive cross-cultural attitudes, and a greater sense of community amongst students and even parents. Parents who are not fluent in English tend to show greater involvement at school when their child is enrolled in a dual language program when compared to an English-only immersion program.
From just a couple of hundred dual language programs fourteen years ago, the numbers have increased dramatically and now there are over two thousand schools using dual language programs in the States. In part, the increase in popularity is due to parents wanting their children to learn Spanish. Parents, business leaders and educators all agree that bilingualism will give our children more opportunities in the future.
Critics have pointed out that whilst running a dual language program can be cost effective, making the transition from a traditional single language approach to a dual language program is expensive. Grants are available for this kind of innovation, but schools must show that they will put the money to good use.
There has also been some concern that this system causes English language learners to be roped in as Spanish tutors, whilst that their attempt to learn English suffers. However, the evidence does not support this view. In fact, English language learners often thrive in dual language programs, and reports show that there is less of an achievement gap between English speakers and English learners in this kind of program.. Working with both English and a partner language allows English language learners to become fluent in English and still preserve their cultural heritage.
What Does This Mean for Traditional Language Lessons?
The rise of dual language programs shows that the demand for bilingualism in our children is growing. Parents want their children to know two languages and are prepared to take steps to make this a reality, whether that means taking them to Spanish lessons for kids in DC, or enrolling them in a dual language program. Dual language programs are increasing in popularity and so far they have been unable to match the overall demand, with some teachers reporting over a hundred new applicants per class. Dual language programs and Spanish classes for kids in DC are an excellent supplement for one another, and should be viewed as two intertwining routes to the same goal.
Would you like your child to be bilingual? There’s no time like the present to start learning a new language! Check out our Spanish classes developed specially for children and teens in DC.


Many standardized tests will challenge you with these three laws of logarithms.
Law 1: The logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of each term in the product.
Law 2: The logarithm of a quotient is equal to the logarithm of the numerator minus the logarithm of the denominator.
Law 3: The logarithm of x with a rational exponent is equal to the exponent times the logarithm.


While Louisville has been plagued with quarterback injuries all season, the Cardinals’ success has been predicated upon an outstanding defense. Indeed, Louisville is allowing just 20.5 points per game on 294 total yards at 4.6 yards per play and 14.3 yards per point. Even more eye-opening is the fact that the Cardinals are 4-2 SU and 5-1 ATS on the road this season where they are limiting opponents to a mere 17.0 points per game on 273 total yards at 4.3 yards per play and 16.1 yards per point.
Overall, Louisville is 1.0 yards per rush attempt, 0.7 yards per pass attempt and 0.8 yards per play better than average defensively in 2014. I have been extremely impressed all season with the Cardinals’ secondary, which is led by 1st Team ACC sophomore Gerod Holliman. Holliman tied the NCAA record with fourteen interceptions this season! The Cardinals’ front seven has also played exceptionally well behind the leadership of linebackers Lorenzo Mauldin and Keith Kelsey. Mauldin leads the team with 13 total tasckles for a loss and earned 1st Team ACC honors, while Kelsey leads Louisville with 78 tackles on the year.
The Cardinals should have success slowing down a potent Georgia attack that is averaging 41.7 points per game on 455 total yards at 6.8 yards per play and 10.9 yards per point. Incidentally, the Bulldogs’ 455 total yards average this season is the lowest amount garnered by coach Mark Richt’s squad since 2011. Overall, Georgia is 1.8 yards per rush play, 0.9 yards per pass play and 1.2 yards per play better than average offensively, which gives the Bulldogs a 0.4 yards per play advantage over Louisville’s stop unit.
As I stated in the opening paragraph, Louisville has been decimated by injuries to the quarterback position as starter Will Gardner has been lost for the year, while backup Reggie Bonnafon was injured in the Cardinals’ season finale. Redshirt freshman Kyle Bolin took the field against Kentucky and led the Cardinals to a come-from-behind 44-40 win over the Wildcats. Regardless of who plays in the Belk Bowl, the return of wide receiver DeVante Parker has sparked Louisville’s attack.
After missing the first seven games of the 2014-2015 campaign, Parker finished the season strong by compiling 100 or more yards in four of the last five games and leads the Cardinals with 735 yards at 21.0 yards per reception. With Parker on the field to close out the regular season, the Cardinals scored thirty or more points in each of their last five games, including compiling 44 points against Kentucky and 38 points against a very good Boston College stop unit.
Louisville is averaging 32.6 points per game on 396 total yards at 5.5 yards per play and 12.2 yards per point against teams that would combine to allow 5.3 yards per play and 13.7 yards per point to mediocre offensive squads. Regardless of who has been behind center, the Cardinals’ aerial attack has been very effective, averaging 7.7 yards per pass play against a group of secondaries that would combine to allow just 6.8 yards per pass attempt.
From a technical standpoint, Louisville is a perfect 7-0 ATS on the road versus teams with a winning record and 6-0 ATS following one or more consecutive losses. Pre-New Year’s Day bowl favorites of six or more points off an upset loss are a horrible 9-24-4 ATS, including 1-10-2 ATS when matched up against an opponent of an ATS loss of four or more points. Meanwhile, Louisville head coach Bobby Petrino is a perfect 20-0 SU versus an opponent off a loss, including 31-3 SU and 23-11 ATS when his team takes the field following a win. Petrino is also 44-6 SU and 31-16-1 ATS versus an opponent off a loss in his coaching career, including 19-4 ATS when laying less than thirteen points.
With the Cardinals standing at 4-1 ATS in their last five bowl games and 4-1 ATS in their last five games against SEC opposition, grab the generous points in the Belk Bowl and invest with confidence.


A JILTED woman who tricked her ex into believing she was pregnant with a fake baby bump has been jailed for four years.
Jessica Nordquist, 25, launched a stalking campaign against Mark Weeks that saw her fake her own kidnap and claim he had raped her.
The American - originally from Alaska - also sent pictures to her ex showing her tied to a bed in her underwear after the pair broke up in November last year.
Nordquist has today been jailed for four-and-a-half years after she was convicted of two counts of stalking, two of sending malicious communications and one of perverting the course of justice.
She was also slapped with a restraining order banning her from contacting Mr Weeks until further notice.
Sentencing her at Snaresbrook Crown Court, Judge Paul Southern said: "You are an intelligent, resourceful and well educated young woman with no previous convictions.
"I have described your behaviour as bizarre.
"I am satisfied that your early traumatic experiences has shaped your personality and its his professional opinion that your offending can be understood as arising from those personality traits that have resulted.
"That does not excuse or justify your offending behaviour, but it does help to explain it."
The court heard how the pair started a relationship when they worked for video advertising company Unruly in East London in July.
After the relaltionship soured, Nordquist pretended to be eight weeks pregnant and told her ex she hadn't gone through with an abortion -instead buying a fake baby bump on Amazon.
Mr Weeks said he received emails from fake email accounts saying Nordquist had been kidnapped and raped.
One message - accompanied by a picture of Nordquist in her underwear, read: "Jessica Nordquist is the one who has been protecting your children from us. We raped and stole her tonight".
Her stalking campaign saw her set up at least 20 fake Instagram accounts and post similar claims online.
She also faked her own kidnap and said her abductors had assaulted and raped her - but she was discovered safe and well in Scotland by police.
In a victim impact statement, Mr Weeks said he was left feeling "absolutely terrified" by Nordquist.
Reading it to the court, Tyrone Silcott, prosecuting, said: "He felt unsafe in his own home.
"He was constantly scared and on the edge about what might happened next to him.
"He mentions specific occasions where he would receive a txt from an unknown number saying he was being watched and his home was being watched.
"When he arrived somewhere it always spoiled his enjoyment. He was always looking around to see if he recognised anyone and if anyone looked suspicious."
Nordquist was jailed for two years and six months for the stalking charges and two years for the malicious communications charges, to run concurrently.
She was jailed for a further two years for the kidnapping incident to run consecutive to the two years and six months - giving a total of four years and six months.
She will serve at least half of her sentence before she is eligible for release and will serve the remainder on license.


What is a Jaw Surgery?
Corrective jaw surgery is medically termed as Orthognathic surgery. This s Corrective jaw surgery is usually applied when braces stop working after certain duration of time. One of the aims of this surgery is to make the chewing process easier. Orthognathic surgery improves the misalignment of the jaw. Those who are suffering from facial problems-under bite and cleft palate, can opt for this surgery. The maxillofacial surgeons perform Orthognathic surgeries.
Upper Jaw Surgery: Medically, upper jaw surgery is termed as maxillary osteotomy. This surgery is applied to correct facial imbalance-under bites, over bites and open bites.
Mandibular Surgery: This surgery is commonly referred to as lower jaw surgery. Mandibular surgery is generally used for correction of the receded jaw (apertognathic) or larger lower jaw.
Genioplasty: Genioplasty is also known as interior border osteotomy (or chin surgery). Basically, this surgery is used to correct deficient chin. Besides this receded chin problem there is another chin abnormality which is normally caused by severe deficient lower jaw.
Why do you need a Jaw Surgery?
Chewing: A jaw surgery would be required if one has problems in chewing. While chewing, an under bite (protrusion of lower jaw) works together with cross bite (irregular teeth positioning). This makes the teeth unable to form in straight jaw line and this kind of problem would lead to chewing your food with your back molars. This would cause a misbalance between upper and lower jaw. Hence, a corrective jaw surgery would be required.
Spitting: When people suffer from under bite your lower jaw becomes heavier. This keeps the jaw hanging most of the time, allowing saliva to form in the mouth. It would allow spit to build up whenever you talk. This would require one to get a corrective jaw surgery done.
Breathing from the mouth: When peoples jaw is hanging open most of the time, it is observed that they tend to breathe from their mouth. This kind of breathing problem causes bad breath. Again, inducing one to opt for corrective jaw surgery.
Lisps: Lisps is speech disorder, which is also known as stigmatism. People who suffer from the under bite are most likely to get this grave speech impediment. This severe condition could also be corrected by performing a correct jaw surgery.
In an upper jaw surgery, the surgeon operates the area beneath the eye sockets. This allows a smooth movement of the upper teeth as well as the roof of the teeth. The surgical tools such as metal screws are used to hold the jaw.
In the lower jaw surgery, the surgeon cuts the back part of the back molars along with the jawbones.
In Genioplasty, the surgeon moves the chin bones with their surgical equipments. To make the chin look shorter, the chin is moved upwards and vice versa.
In the Corrective jaw surgery procedure there is an involvement of maxillofacial surgeons, speech therapist and dentist. X-rays and the digital computer software’s take out images which are utilized during jaw surgery. A Jaw surgery could be performed at the age of 15 in females and from 17 to 18 years in males.
Cautionary Note: During the healing process after the surgery some people might face swelling, congestion and pain.
What Should You Know about Gum Graft Surgery?


The coasts are gone. The waves crash high into what were once mountains. Many have perished, for food is scarce, and the deadly heat is inescapable.
This bleak future scenario – called a "Hothouse Earth" – could be realised sooner than we think, scientists warn, if the planet breaches a pivotal climate threshold from which there may ultimately be no coming back.
The worst part? Scientists say we could exceed this threshold even if we meet the carbon emission reductions called for in the Paris Agreement – and manage to keep global temperatures to 2°C above pre-Industrial levels.
Achieving that goal would be a global success story. But it might not be the end of the story.
"Human emissions of greenhouse gas are not the sole determinant of temperature on Earth," says Earth system scientist Will Steffen from the Australian National University.
"Our study suggests that human-induced global warming of 2°C may trigger other Earth system processes, often called 'feedbacks', that can drive further warming – even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases."
In a new perspective study, Steffen and an international team of researchers outline a number of these 'positive feedback' systems that exist on Earth and can "amplify a perturbation and drive a transition to a different state".
In science, negative feedback systems maintain equilibrium in a given setting, but positive feedback systems do the opposite – exacerbating changes that are already underway.
One example is permafrost thaw. As the world gets hotter due to heat-trapping carbon emissions, there's worrying evidence that melting permafrost soils are releasing even more carbon into the atmosphere – making a bad situation potentially catastrophic.
That's just one example the new study looks at, in addition to several others, including the loss of methane hydrates from the ocean floor, weakening land and ocean carbon sinks, and increasing bacterial respiration in the oceans.
None of these trends are looking good, and the team says as the world gets hotter, hitting 2°C could well be the point where it becomes difficult or impossible to reverse these dangerous feedback loops.
"These tipping elements can potentially act like a row of dominoes," explains co-author Johan Rockström from the Stockholm Resilience Centre in Sweden.
"Once one is pushed over, it pushes Earth towards another… Places on Earth will become uninhabitable if 'Hothouse Earth' becomes the reality."
The researchers are eager to emphasise that it's impossible to say for sure whether a global temperature rise of 2°C above pre-Industrial levels is the exact point we'd pass the threshold – as we're in uncharted territory here.
But the study is designed to point out that the less-optimistic goal of the Paris Agreement may not be the safe haven or environmental 'truce' many assumed it was – as by then it may already be too late, with human activity having triggered numerous runaway effects beyond our control.
"We note that the Earth has never in its history had a quasi-stable state that is around 2°C warmer than the pre-Industrial and suggest that there is substantial risk that the system, itself, will 'want' to continue warming because of all of these other processes – even if we stop emissions," one of the team, Katherine Richardson from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, told The Guardian.
So what's the answer? Well – apart from more holistic research to refine our understanding of where and when this threshold to catastrophe is located – nothing short of a complete reimagining of our role on (and relationship to) Planet Earth.
"Collective human action is required to steer the Earth System away from a potential threshold and stabilise it in a habitable interglacial-like state," the authors explain in their paper.
"Such action entails stewardship of the entire Earth System –biosphere, climate, and societies – and could include decarbonisation of the global economy, enhancement of biosphere carbon sinks, behavioural changes, technological innovations, new governance arrangements, and transformed social values."
Okay, so they're asking for a lot, but is the alternative preferable: a stabilisation of extreme environmental conditions where temperatures increase up to 5°C hotter than pre-Industrial temperatures? Bringing with it sea level rises of 10–60 metres, in turn destroying coastlines, agriculture, our ability to govern, and ultimately to survive?
"Some signs are emerging that societies are initiating some of the necessary transformations," the researchers write.
"However, these transformations are still in initial stages, and the social/political tipping points that definitively move the current trajectory away from Hothouse Earth have not yet been crossed, while the door to the Stabilised Earth pathway may be rapidly closing."
The researchers don't pretend to have all the answers, and they acknowledge that their 2°C threshold is a largely hypothetical marker.
But in light of everything we're learning about the perilous state the world is in – again and again and again – it should come as a surprise to precisely nobody at all that the stakes are this terrifyingly high.
"In the context of the summer of 2018, this is definitely not a case of crying wolf," climate researcher Phil Williamson from the University of East Anglia, who wasn't involved in the study, told The Guardian.
"The wolves are now in sight."


I won't go and re-litigate the facts surrounding why FBI Director James Comey was terminated by President Trump this past week as it is simply a pointless exercise. The fact remains that the FBI Director serves at the pleasure of the President, and regardless of the path taken by President Trump to make the decision to pull the trigger on James Comey, that bullet has long since left the chamber.
What is a more disturbing, albeit humorous, side note to the news of the #1 Chief Investigator being terminated, was the frantic calls of "foul play" from Democrats such as Senators Chuck Schumer and Elizabeth Warren making public spectacles of themselves all while ignoring some very basic realities. Yes, there was an alleged open investigation about "Russian Meddling" into the 2016 Presidential Elections, and allegedly James Comey would have pretty solid knowledge about such investigations. However, what Americans writ large saw in the week prior to Mr. Comey's termination, was sworn testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee whereby Mr. Comey didn't appear to be all that informed on much of, well, anything. So much so, that the FBI was forced to provide "corrected testimony" to the Committee due to blatantly inaccurate statements made by Mr. Comey.
So for the sake of putting the events of last week into perspective, let's assume that there is an investigation into the Trump Campaign and "Russia" (whatever that really means, since, as we all well know, there has been little, if any, factual evidence of wrongdoing aside from a few failures of disclosures by NSC Director Gen. M. Flynn and Attorney General Sessions, neither of which were crimes).
- The FBI is a small sub-set of the overall Intelligence Community.
- The FBI's The Counterintelligence Division (CD) prevents and investigates foreign intelligence activities within the U.S. and espionage activities in the U.S. and overseas.
- The FBI Director is not likely involved directly in "hands-on" investigation activities.
- The FBI has over 13,000 career Special Agents.
- The FBI is / was working in tandem with the NSA and the CIA as well as the ODNI in the "Russia" investigation.
- There are thousands more career Agents / Investigators in the NSA, CIA, ODNI as well as the other branches of the Intelligence Community.
Knowing the above facts is imperative when attempting to formulate an informed opinion as to whether or not the firing of one person, FBI Director James Comey, would have any impact at all, on any potential ongoing investigation into the "Trump Campaign & Potential Russian Collusion." This is not to downplay the significance of losing a competent FBI Director, as it is imperative that the United States has an impervious, steadfast and ethical Director at the helm of our Nation's prestigious Law Enforcement Agency. However, that said, it is important to not lose sight on the bigger picture; the Intelligence Community writ large, is more than just one person, or one Agency. To think otherwise is to have a very limited, and uneducated point of view when it comes to the scope, task management and overall operations of our Intelligence Community.
Whether or not you agree or disagree with the termination of FBI Director Comey, it is insulting to the thousands of career Law Enforcement Agents, Investigators, Prosecutors, Operatives, Analysts, Attorneys, Officers, or other career personnel, the overwhelming majority of whom have devoted their lives to protect our American Values, maintain our National Security and intercept nefarious entities seeking to do us harm, to oversimplify and whittle down any valid investigation to the holdings of only one specific person. It simply doesn't work that way. In my opinion, I have to question the media's spin on James Comey's termination as merely President Trump's way of "stonewalling" the aforementioned "Russian Collusion" investigation as it pertains to the Trump Campaign of 2016.
- If the Chief of a Fire Department gets terminated, do fire alarms simply go unanswered allowing city fires to burn ragingly out of control? Or do fires still get put out by career (or volunteer) fire fighters?
- If the Chief of a Police Department gets terminated, do all criminal investigations, traffic enforcement or civil disturbance calls go unanswered? Or do all of these functions continue to be responded to appropriately?
- If the CEO of a Hospital gets terminated, do all aspects of the healthcare facility suddenly stop? Or do patients continue to receive the healthcare they were getting the day before? Do life-saving surgeries immediately cease upon hearing the news that the Hospital CEO is terminated, or do professional healthcare providers continue their jobs, as they have been trained and licensed to do regardless of who is running the facility?
- If the Superintendent of a School System is terminated, do classes suddenly stop? Or do teachers and students continue to show up for school like they do every day, and proceed with the educational process as scheduled?
- If a General in the Military is terminated, does every soldier simply pack up their gatherings and go home? Or do they continue their missions or assignments as they have been trained to do?
- If the President of the United States is terminated (impeached) does the Nation just surrender to complete Anarchy or outside invaders? Or do we continue on with a system of checks and balances as well as a fail-safe system in place to ensure that we do not crumble into complete and utter chaos?
In a system as complex and important as our Intelligence Community, Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, we have multiple layers of fail-safes, continuity and convergence of operations. The media would like every American to believe that the firing of one person, the FBI Director, is somehow the "end" or at least a major chilling component to the ongoing investigation on Russia and our 2016 Elections. But a smart, critical-thinker, knows that this is merely a farce and is an attempt to smear our President. Investigations, particularly ones that involve several facets of our Intelligence Community, are not going to stop simply due to the replacement of one person. If that were the case, then we as a Country, would need to demand a complete overhaul of our Criminal Justice System (we need one anyway, but not for that particular reason).
Quite simply put, the media has proven time and again that it is simply unable, or unwilling, to report critical information in a non-partisan, fair or thorough manner. Omitting facts to push a particular narrative or agenda is called propaganda, and that is what we are witnessing with the vast majority of our News Media outlets. I have reviewed the major news outlet's coverage of the termination of James Comey, and what I read or observed simply screamed of over-simplification, fear-mongering and propaganda. This is also to say nothing of the fact that our elected representatives in the Senate and House of Representatives have their own ongoing investigations into any possible Russia / Trump Campaign connections.
We allow ourselves to be victimized by the Media Moguls daily as they pervert straight-forward facts into propagandized narratives that are best suited for the fiction section of a library instead of the news. Yes there are times where one person can make a difference or influence the direction of an investigation such as when James Comey overstepped his lawful authority to actually present evidence to the US Attorney General or a Grand Jury regarding actual known cases of espionage in the case of Hillary Clinton and her criminal crime syndicate. However, the vast majority of Americans following that case were able to make the distinction and while Clinton may have escaped criminal prosecution (at least for now) she also escaped securing the power and prestige of the White House. So even then, one person, the same person, James Comey, was not able to stop the inevitable outcome of facts. Checks and balances continued on, and the court of public opinion won in the end at the ballot box.


Deleuil, M.; Deeg, H. J.; Alonso, R.; et al.Bouchy, F.; Rouan, D.; Auvergne, M.; Baglin, A.; Aigrain, Suzanne; Almenara, J.-M.; Barbieri, M.; Barge, P.; Bruntt, H.; Bordé, P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Csizmadia, Sz.; De la Reza, R.; Dvorak, R.; Erikson, A.; Fridlund, M.; Gandolfi, D.; Gillon, M.; Guenther, E. W.; Guillot, T.; Hatzes, A.; Hébrard, G.; Jorda, L.; Lammer, H.; Léger, A.; Llebaria, A.; Loeillet, B.; Mayor, M.; Mazeh, T.; Moutou, C.; Ollivier, M.; Pätzold, M.; Pont, F.; Queloz, D.; Rauer, H.; Schneider, J.; Shporer, A.; Wuchterl, G.; Zucker, S.
Context. The CoRoT space mission routinely provides high-precision photometric measurements of thousands of stars that have been continuously observed for months. Aims. The discovery and characterization of the first very massive transiting planetary companion with a short orbital period is reported. Methods. A series of 34 transits was detected in the CoRoT light curve of an F3V star, observed fromMay to October 2007 for 152 days. The radius was accurately determined and the mass derived for this new transiting, thanks to the combined analysis of the light curve and complementary ground-based observations: high-precision radial-velocity measurements, on-off photometry, and high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations. Results. CoRoT-Exo-3b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.07 RJup and transits around its F3-type primary every 4.26 days in a synchronous orbit. Its mass of 21.66 ± 1.0 MJup, density of 26.4 ±5.6 g cm−3, and surface gravity of log g = 4.72 clearly distinguish it from the regular close-in planet population, making it the most intriguing transiting substellar object discovered so far. Conclusions. With the current data, the nature of CoRoT-Exo-3b is ambiguous, as it could either be a low-mass brown-dwarf or a member of a new class of “superplanets”. Its discovery may help constrain the evolution of close-in planets and brown-dwarfs better. Finally, CoRoT-Exo-3b confirms the trend that massive transiting giant planets (M ≥ 4 MJup) are found preferentially around more massive stars than the Sun.


A chemical compound, known as an ester, that is created as an alcohol and an acid compound react together, forming a triglyceride. A triglyceride is basically another way of referring to fats and oils formed in human tissues, but also existing in various foods rich in carbohydrates (carbs), such as bread, sweets, or rice. As different foods containing fats are consumed, triglycerides are absorbed or created and enter the body's bloodstream in the form of particles known as lipoproteins.
The body removes triglycerides as daily activities occur, which is desired since medical professionals are suggesting that increased levels of triglycerides contribute to coronary heart disease and high levels may lead to abdominal pain, pancreatitis, enlargement of liver and spleen, and skin ailments. Thus, limiting consumption of foods with fats often enables the body to remove sufficient amounts to maintain recommended levels of triglycerides. For adults, a triglyceride level of 150 to 200 mg/dL or less is suggested. A range of 200 to 400 mb/dL is borderline and indicative of increased levels. Higher levels of triglycerides occur as weight is gained from increased calorie intake due to foods with fats, sugars, and alcohol, all consumed with insufficient exercise to offset the calories. By limiting intake of various foods with high levels of carbohydrates and eating more triglyceride reducing foods, such as beans, vegetables, fruits, grains, fish or foods with fiber, a person can maintain a healthier triglyceride concentration in the body.
Measures to reduce triglycerides should include: 1) Increased exercise, 2) Reduced consumption of fats, snacks, fried items, and similar foods, 3) Limiting sweets to 5 grams per serving and eating only several a week, 4) Decreasing alcohol intake to only a few drinks per week, 5) Selecting beverages that are unsweetened or very low in calories, electing instead to consume more water or tea, 5) Increasing 3 to 5 servings of fruit daily and 3 to 5 cups of beans per week, 6) Increasing consumption of vegetables to 3 or 4 cups per day, 7) Selecting more foods containing grains and/or fiber, such as cereals, breads, and brown rice.


NBA Trade Deadline: How does Kristaps Porzingis fit in with Luka Doncic and the Dallas Mavericks?
Kristaps Porzingis is coming off of an ACL tear, but he should fit in well with Luka Doncic, who has quickly emerged as one of the brightest young stars in the league.
Kristaps Porzingis has played his last game for the New York Knicks.
The Knicks announced on Thursday that they have traded the one-time All-Star to the Dallas Mavericks for Dennis Smith Jr., DeAndre Jordan, Wesley Matthews and two future first-round picks. Tim Hardaway Jr., Courtney Lee and Trey Burke are also going to Dallas in the deal.
Porzingis hasn't played since Feb. 6 of last season after suffering a torn ACL in his left knee - a scary injury for a player his size - but he has the potential to thrive alongside Luka Doncic in ways Smith and Jordan couldn't.
With that in mind, let's take a closer look at how the big man fits in with his new team.
What does Porzingis bring to the Mavericks?
A whole lot of scoring.
Porzingis averaged 22.7 points per game last season, which put him behind only Giannis Antetokounmpo, Anthony Davis, LeBron James and Kevin Durant at the time of his injury for the most in the league at the forward position. He was productive the two years prior, posting 14.3 points per game as a rookie and 18.1 points per game as a sophomore.
While he's nowhere near the passer that Antetokounmpo, Davis, James and Durant are - Porzingis has never averaged more than 1.5 assists per game in a single season - the Latvian has developed into arguably the best shooting big man in the NBA. He made 39.5 percent of his 3-point attempts and 40.2 percent of his midrange attempts last season, two shots that accounted for more than half of his made field goals on the year.
Those splits are remarkable considering Porzingis is tied with Boban Marjanovic for the tallest player in the league.
Porzingis is a versatile shooter, too. He moves off of screens in ways you wouldn't expect to see from a player his size and he can pick-and-pop with the best of them. He's basically this era's version of Dirk Nowitzki, making him a natural fit with Doncic, who will take over as the primary ball handler now that Smith is no longer with the Mavericks.
Porzingis is even a dominant scorer with his back to the basket.
Through 48 games last season, only Joel Embiid and LaMarcus Aldridge had more points in the post. Both of them were more efficient in those situations, but Porzingis has improved as a post scorer each season he's been in the league.
What he lacks in strength Porzingis makes up for in size. At 7-foot-3 with a 7-foot-6 wingspan, he can shoot over just about any defender in the league, even opposing centres. According to NBA.com, he led the league in shot attempts against tight coverage last season and converted them at the same rate as Kevin Durant.
Porzingis won't be the No. 1 option like he was in New York, but his comfort in the post will take some of the pressure off of Doncic. If teams switch those pick-and-pops that should become a staple in Dallas, the Mavericks will have the option of clearing the lane for Doncic to attack a bigger defender in isolation or giving Porzingis the ball on the block against a much smaller defender.
Porzingis impacts the game in others as well. He averaged 6.6 rebounds and a career-high 2.4 blocks per game last season, the latter being good enough for the second-most in the league.
Even though most of his minutes in the NBA have come at power forward, Porzingis is more than capable of playing centre. It actually suits him better because it means he doesn't have to spend as much time chasing players around on the perimeter.
If the Mavericks can surround Doncic and Porzingis with shooters and defenders in the years to come, they could have the makings of a future contender. It at least gives them a potentent - and cheap - one-two punch that can compete with the best young cores in the league.
This is all operating under the assumption that Porzingis will come back from his injury at the same player, but he still has plenty to offer as a shooter and rim protector even if he doesn't.
Plus, Porzingis fits in better with Doncic's timeline than Jordan did while allowing the Mavericks to still be competitive. Whereas Jordan is 30-years-old, Porzingis is only 23 with his best years still ahead of him.
It makes for a home run deal for a team that already had a bright future.


Fear refers to an unpleasant emotional reaction experienced in the face of perceived danger. It builds quickly in intensity and helps to organize the person's responses to threats from the environment.
fear refers to an alarm reaction to current danger or life-threatening emergencies that is marked by strong escape-oriented tendencies and a surge in the sympathetic nervous system.
Fear can be defined as: (1) an emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present/current danger or life-threatening emergencies. (2) an innate, almost biologically based alarm response to a dangerous or life-threatening situation. Fear is marked by strong escape-oriented tendencies and a surge in the sympathetic nervous system.


1. Make the crust In a small fry pan, cook almond powder until briefly brown, let it cool down and put it aside.
2. Crush the cookies to fine crumbs (eg. put them in a zip-top bag and use your rolling pin). Transfer crushed cookies to a small bowl and then add the almond powder, cocoa, sugar and melted butter together. Combine them well until damp clumps form. Press evenly into bottom of the cup. Keep them in your fridge while you make the mousse.
3. Make the coffee chocolate mousse Beat the heavy cream until it forms soft peaks with a hand mixer (do not overwhip) and keep it in the fridge until you need it.
4. In a small cup, add coffee powder mix with 30ml hot water. Let it cool down and put it aside.
5. In a small pan, add milk, chocolate and sugar. Heat it over low-medium heat, whisking frequently, till hot (but not boiling!).
6. In a small cup, dissolve gelatine in 40ml water. I usually put it in the microwave for 5 secs, it helps. Add the melted gelatin into the lukewarm chocolate mixture and combine. Put it aside.
7. In a another medium size bowl, beat softened mascarpone with a hand mixer at low speed only until smooth. Combine the whipped cream (from the fridge) with the mascarpone and mix with an eggbeater gently. Add lukewarm coffee and mix them together.
8. Add the chocolate mixture to this cream little by little, stirring gently with an eggbeater. Leave it aside.
9. Make the Italian meringue Quickly, heat up 3 tbsp sugar and 1 tbsp water in a small pan over high heat. Bring to a boil, stirring continuously with a wooden spoon until the sugar has dissolved. While the sugar syrup heats, beat the egg white in a medium size bowl with a hand mixer on high speed until soft peaks form. (as you do this, bring the sugar syrup to 120C). Now, gradually pour the hot sugar syrup into your egg whites,continue mixing at medium-high speed until the meringue reaches the desired peak.
10. Immediately add the Italian meringue into the mousse mixture and mix them gently with a spatula. Spoon the mixture into the serving cups (the ones you prepared with the crust). Keep it in the fridge for about 1 hour or until set.
11. Make the white mousse Now in a small pan, heat up milk and add sugar to melt till hot (but not boiling). Let it aside. In a small cup, dissolve 2g gelatine with 2 tbsp water. Add melted gelatine into the milk mixture and combine well.
12. In a medium bowl, beat the heavy cream until it forms soft peaks with hand mixer (being careful not over whip.).
13. In a another medium size bowl, beat softened mascarpone with hand mixer at low speed and add lukewarm milk mixture and mix. Add whipped cream and orange flower water and mix together gently. Pour it onto a firm chocolate mousse and refrigerate until set.
Angelica For how long can i keep a freshly made kohakutou?


Question 1: It was divided into the national bodies (the ________, Privy Council, and Parliament), the regional bodies (the Council of the North and Council of the Marches), the county and community bodies, and the court system.
Question 2: Royal representatives (________, Sheriffs, and Lords Lieutenant) were in every county; they ensured that the queen’s commands and laws were obeyed.
Question 3: Sir Walter Raleigh was such a favourite that he was showered with gifts, including the right to take possession of land in the New World, where he organised the exploration of what would be ________.
Question 4: Civil cases were dealt with by various courts, depending on the person’s monetary status; the wealthy were tried by the ________, one of the highest profile courts which consisted of mostly Privy Counselors.
Question 5: Each ________ and town had its own government, headed by a mayor as well.
Question 6: England under Queen Elizabeth I's reign, the ________, was ruled by the very structured and complicated Elizabethan government.
Question 7: Those of lesser crimes were sent to ________ or the stocks.
Question 8: The Council of the North, which resided in York, oversaw Northern England while the Council of the Marches, which resided in ________, oversaw Wales and some border counties.
Question 9: She ruled for 45 years and was the sixth and last of the ________.
Question 10: Generally, the monarch paid for daily administration with ordinary revenues (________, feudal dues, and sales of land) while Parliament covered extraordinary expenditures (such as war) with taxation.


I’ve decided to try and change the way I interact online, and have already made a few changes that almost certainly no one has noticed but me. The first is that while I visit and “use” Facebook, I have never actually liked it very much and do so really only because that’s where the people are. On the other hand, I really do enjoy Twitter, and am far more engaged there than I ever was or will be on Facebook. I was piping my Twitter posts into Facebook, just as a simulacrum of interaction…but I don’t think I want to do that anymore. So I’m not.
I have also gone weeks this year without blogging, and after consideration, I don’t like that very much. Why not just use Facebook to write things like this? Because I really do feel very strongly about controlling how my words are displayed, and I want to own my own voice. So I’m going to try to blog more frequently, about things that I find interesting, and share those things out to Facebook and Twitter and elsewhere…but I want to try and make my blog somewhere people can come and learn about what I’m doing and what I think is cool in the world. It used to be that, and I think I need it to be that again.
The TL;DR version is: I’m going to try and blog more, and share more accurately the things that I think are interesting or important. I will use Facebook and Twitter as other channels to talk, but if the medium really is the message, I don’t want my message to be Facebook and Twitter. I want the medium to be my own.
I very much agree with your comments here and have done the same myself! I was an early adopter of F@cebook in 2006 thanks to my student workers at Miami University and later joined Twitter. Over the course of time, I grew more and more concerned with privacy issues, and then later issues of true content ownership. Coming from a corporate background, I have long ago subscribed to the idea Steve Gibson has said where “all the cloud is, is your saving your data on someone else’s hard drive.” In that, you just can’t control it in reality… I never worry about the NSA and my comments, but I do worry about the marketers. There’s no way to stop them really, all I can do is interrupt their data feed on my activities and leaving Facebook and limiting my interactions with Google and Amazon seem to be the best I can do.
Thank you for all the great work and content you put out to the library community.
This is awesome, I look forward to reading more! I keep telling myself that I will blog, too. Over the past several months, I have made accounts on all of the major social networking sites, but I don’t remember to use all of them. But, if one of them needs to “go”, it will be Facebook. I still check it for news relating to my friends and family, but I don’t think I’ll be posting much any more.


Selena Gomez's email account hacking: New Jersey woman charged A New Jersey college student could spend almost a decade behind bars for allegedly hacking Selena Gomez's email. If convicted of all charges, Atrach could be sentenced to nine years and eight months in state prison.
Trudeau avoids criticizing Trump after Helsinki meeting Ryan (R-Wis.) declined to criticize the president on Tuesday, focusing his response on Russian Federation and Putin. He continued to maintain that it was illegal to annex it ... our viewpoint is different", the Russian leader said.
Alisson Becker 'set for Roma talks over future' With little over three weeks left of the transfer window, Liverpool are still looking to bolster their options. Real are also sniffing around, although they may chose to take Chelsea's Belgian star rather than Alisson.
Paul Pogba: Manchester United teammates are family to me Pogba enjoyed a strong campaign as France claimed their second world title with a 4-2 win over Croatia in Moscow on Sunday . Manchester United boss Jose Mourinho has praised Juventus over their €112m deal for Cristiano Ronaldo .
Astronomers Have Discovered a Dozen New Moons Circling Jupiter The researchers, from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC, picked out one of the 12 moons as an " oddball ". The Galilean moons - Ganymede, Io, Callisto and Europa - are the largest and can be seen from Earth using binoculars.
A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one 'oddball' This brings Jupiter's total number of known moons to a whopping 79-the most of any planet in our Solar System. In fact, of Jupiter's 67 previously discovered moons, the 33 outermost moons all have retrograde orbits .
FDA recalls heart medications over cancer concerns The agency encourages patients and health care professionals to report any adverse reaction to the FDA's MedWatch program . It is also a byproduct from pesticide manufacturing, or during the making of rubber tires or fish processing.
FCC has 'serious concerns' about Sinclair merger it helped engineer Sinclair's executive vice president, Barry Faber, didn't return an email and telephone call seeking comment. Jessica Rosenworcel, the lone Democrat on the commission, hailed Pai's decision.
A California wildfire burning out of control at the edge of Yosemite National Park that has killed one firefighter and closed a major route into the park mushroomed overnight as crews fought on Monday to protect a string of small communities.
On Saturday, a heavy equipment operator died on the fire line trying to dig a trench to keep the flames from extending into a nearby community.
Varney's death "has left all of us deeply saddened, our thoughts and prayers go out to his loved ones and CALFIRE fellow firefighters", the U.S. Forest Service in California said in a statement.
Varney, 36, of Mariposa had served in the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection's Madera-Mariposa-Merced Unit for a decade.
Looking sombre, the two leaders exchanged a few opening remarks in front of the press at the start of their summit in Helsinki . We have great opportunities together."We have not been getting along very well over the past years".
As for adjusting to the links style of play and learning how far to hit shots on each hole, Woods said: "It is mainly trajectory". A certain shot that is hit [and] you think is a wonderful shot down the middle of the fairway could bounce some weird way.
McLean said Varney's death is still under investigation. They believe he was working his way out of the fire area when he was killed.
The blaze broke out around 10:30 p.m. on Friday in Mariposa County, near the west end of Yosemite National Park and the Sierra National Forest. He had been with Cal Fire for more than 10 years.
Heavy Equipment Operator Varney is survived by his wife, Jessica, five-year-old daughter, Malhea and three-year-old son, Nolan. "The fire behavior became very active and changed from its moderate behavior in the early afternoon". It was 5 percent contained by midday Saturday. It is not immediately clear how many firefighters are now assigned to the Ferguson Fire, according to the public information officers at base camp, but the figures should be available later this morning.
In Varney's honor, the governor also ordered Capitol flags to be flown at half-staff.


If he becomes president, Sen. Bob Dole says, there will be better health care for the young and the old, better schools and less illiteracy-and all this will be done while balancing the budget without raising tax rates.
If he becomes president, Sen. Paul Simon says, he will ''ensure quality long-term health care'' for the elderly and institute a public works jobs program for the unemployed, all the while balancing the budget, preferably without raising taxes.
If he becomes president, Rep. Jack Kemp says, he will immediately move to deploy the Strategic Defense Initiative, absolutely guarantee Social Security benefits and reduce the budget deficit without raising taxes.
To all of which, a reasonable person might ask: How?
These three are not alone. Almost all of the 12 presidential candidates in both parties are promising new government programs that would add billions of dollars to the federal budget, even as they pledge to bring that budget into balance, usually without raising taxes.
And to that nagging little question ''How?'' most of the candidates are not even pretending to have an answer.
Considering that the budget deficit is generally considered to be the central problem facing the economy and the next administration, the apparent contradictions raised by these candidates might be expected to be a major political problem for all of them.
So far, though, this has not happened. Although candidates in both parties have started to squabble over each other`s tax and budget policies, neither the electorate nor the political press, often preoccupied by questions about the personal lives of the candidates, has raised the issue very often.
And they may be following the example of presidential candidate Ronald Reagan, attacked in 1980 for offering few specifics and for budget figures that did not add up. He got elected.
Only three of this year`s candidates-Dole (R., Kan.), Jesse Jackson and former Gov. Bruce Babbitt of Arizona-have endorsed general tax increases. Of the three, Babbitt has been most specific about how he would raise taxes-and he`s running dead last of the six Democratic candidates in most polls.
Babbitt has proposed instituting a 5 percent consumption tax that would not apply to groceries and other necessities and would include a rebate to low-income taxpayers. The tax, Babbitt said, would raise about $40 billion.
He also would save $40 billion from the budget, much of it by taxing some of the Social Security benefits of wealthy retirees. Babbitt would use some of the money for programs, some to reduce the deficit.
Dole`s support of higher taxes is indirect. He has not overtly called for them. But by pledging to reduce the budget ''without raising tax rates,'' he implicitly endorsed other means of raising revenues, such as closing loopholes in existing tax laws and increasing fees for various government services.
Jackson has called for raising the income tax rate on upper-income taxpayers and for corporations; he would also cut the defense budget by $20 billion, a target even many liberal Democrats find unreachable.
Three Democrats-Jackson, Simon (Ill.) and Rep. Richard Gephardt of Missouri-back an oil import fee that would raise between $8 billion and $12 billion a year, less than 10 percent of the current budget deficit-estimated at between $161 and $180 billion for next year.
Gephardt says the farm bill he backs would save another $12 billion, and freezing the defense budget would cut spending about $10 billion, saving a total of $30 billion or so.
Democrats are not the only ones considering a freeze in defense spending. Kemp (R., N.Y.) has said, ''I would freeze defense,'' but he would also deploy a first phase of ''Star Wars,'' an expensive space-based defense program, in 1989.
Du Pont also wants to phase out all federal farm programs and virtually eliminate welfare. But like Babbitt, du Pont is running last in the polls in his party, and his agriculture and welfare proposals have not attracted a wide following.
Three Republicans, front-runner Bush, Kemp and evangelist Pat Robertson, have even proposed more tax reductions by urging revival of the preference once given to income resulting from capital gains. Citing studies done by economists, they predict this tax cut would actually lead to more revenue for the government.
Others, citing studies done by different economists, contend that it would not.
Bush has not proposed specific new spending programs. But when he announced his candidacy, he called for doing more for the poor and helping more young people go to college, while not raising taxes and continuing the Reagan administration`s military buildup.
Robertson has also called for reducing taxes by at least doubling the personal income tax exemption and by providing some kind of tax break for housewives. He has put no price-tag on these proposals, nor has he spelled out what he would cut to make up the revenue loss.
The major deficit-cutting idea from Democratic Gov. Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts is better enforcement of the existing tax code.
Claiming that $110 billion in taxes go unpaid each year, Dukakis said better enforcement could bring in roughly $35 billion of it. His Democratic oppponents have charged him with being wildly optimistic.
Dukakis spokesman Leslie Dach said the governor would also cut defense spending by scrapping the Strategic Defense Initiative and the Midgetman missile.
Former Secretary of State Alexander Haig, who stresses foreign policy and defense issues, has been more critical than the other Republicans of President Reagan`s economic policies.
But aside from pledging to save $20 billion through unspecified budget cuts and to resist new taxes, Haig has not spelled out how he would reduce the deficit.
Democratic Sen. Albert Gore of Tennessee is scheduled to outline his tax and budget proposals in a major speech early next month, his campaign said.
Additional material published Dec. 6, 1987:Corrections and clarifications.Because of a transmission error, a story in the Nov. 29 Tribune on presidential candidates` stands on key issues gave the impression that Sen. Robert Dole (R., Kan.) has proposed a private investmentalternative to Social Security. Such a proposal was actually made by former Gov. Pete duPont of Delaware, one of Dole`s Republican opponents. Dole does not favor the plan.


1. Pre-heat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Cut the lemon zest into very thin strips (1 inch long) and cut the chive into 1 inch long pieces.
3. Heat the olive oil in a medium sautoir over medium-high heat until hot.
4. Wipe the osso bucco dry and season with salt and pepper.
5. Sear the osso bucco on both sides until golden brown.
6. Meanwhile, cut the onion, fennel, carrot and celery into ¾ inch squares.
7. Remove the osso bucco from the pan and set aside.
8. Turn down to medium heat and add the onion, fennel, carrot and celery. The moisture released from these vegetables should be enough to deglaze the fond. If not, add a tablespoon of water and clean the bottom of the pan.
9. Once the vegetables have browned slightly, add the cumin, then add the crushed tomato and cook over medium heat until the liquid is gone.
10. Add the wine and evaporate until most of the liquid is gone.
11. Add the paprika and dried chili. Add enough veal stock to cover ¾ of the osso bucco. Once you add the bay leaf and thyme, put a tight lid (plastic wrap that can withstand the heat, then foil, if there is no lid for the sautoir) on and place in the oven.
12. Braise the osso bucco until fork tender for an hour and a half.
13. When the osso bucco is done, remove the meat and set aside (keep it covered and warm).
14. Put the braising liquid through a chinois or sieve and into a small sauce pot.
15. Add the shaved chocolate and honey and mix well. Taste and season with salt and pepper if needed. Adjust the consistency by adding a slurry of corn starch and water (should be the consistency of heavy cream). The sauce should be medium nappe (leave a fairly thick coat behind a wooden spoon).
16. Meanwhile, start the risotto. Keep the veal stock hot (add salt but do not season fully because the cheese will add some salt to the risotto).
17. Heat the olive oil and add the shallots. Slowly caramelize over low heat. When tender, add the rice and cover each grain with the oil.
18. Add enough stock to cover the rice and stir while cooking.
19. When the rice has absorbed most of the stock, repeat step 17 by adding more stock.
20. Keep stirring the rice and keep adding more stock until the rice grains are al dente (have a bite) and the risotto flows (not too thick not too watery).
21. Add the taleggio and parmigiano reggiano and season with salt if needed.
22. Place the risotto in a bowl dish and lean the osso bucco over the side. Cover the osso bucco with the sauce and garnish the top of the marrow with the lemon zest and chives.


Assuming the Big Bang is a valid theory of the creation of Earth and the Universe, then where did the original mass come from, that formed everything that we see today?
First of all, note that mass and energy are equivalent. So, the total mass of the Universe need not be conserved even though the total energy (taking into account the energy that is equivalent of the mass in the Universe) is conserved. Mass and energy are related by the famous equation E=mc2. Hence if there is enough energy, photons can create matter-antimatter pairs. This is called pair production and is responsible for the mass in the Universe.
As to where everything came from, there is no conclusive opinion. One idea was that the Universe was created from vacuum. This is because according to quantum theory, the apparently quiescent vacuum is not really empty at all. For example, it is possible for an electron and a positron (a matter antimatter pair) to materialize from the vacuum, exist for a brief flash of time and then disappear into nothingness. Such vacuum fluctuations cannot be observed directly as they typically last for only about 10-21 seconds and the separation between the electron and positron is typically no longer than 10-10 cm. However, through indirect measurements, physicists are convinced that these fluctuations are real.
In 1982, Alexander Vilenkin proposed an extension of Tyron's idea and suggested that the Universe was created by quantum processes starting from "literally nothing", meaning not only the absence of matter, but the absence of space and time as well. Vilenkin took the idea of quantum tunneling and proposed that the Universe started in the totally empty geometry and then made a quantum tunneling transition to a non-empty state (subatomic in size), which through inflation (the Universe expands exponentially fast for a brief period of time which causes its size to increase dramatically) came to its current size.
Another idea is from Stephen Hawking and James Hartle. Hawking proposed a description of the Universe in its entirety, viewed as a self-contained entity, with no reference to anything that might have come before it. The description is timeless, in the sense that one set of equations delineates the Universe for all time. As one looks to earlier and earlier times, one finds that the model Universe is not eternal, but there is no creation event either. Instead, at times of the order of 10-43 seconds, the approximation of a classical description of space and time breaks down completely, with the whole picture dissolving into quantum ambiguity. In Hawking's words, the Universe "would neither be created nor destroyed. It would just BE."
So, the origin of mass in the Universe and the Universe itself is quite speculative at this point. If you are interested, you can read Alan Guth's book "The Inflationary Universe", page 271-276. You can also read Hawking's "A brief history of time: From the Big Bang to black holes" page 136.


Debra Styer Illustration What's next?
I have been working really hard finishing up the Graphic Design program at UC Berkeley. I have one more class starting this week and I am pretty excited about it. My portfolio will be done and I can start showing it around to book publishers.
I am also on the verge of quitting my job and trying for a fellowship. I'm truly scared about it all.


Average rainfall in millimeters for Burgos, Spain.
Average number of days with rainfall for Burgos, Spain.
Average monthly sunshine hours for Burgos, Spain.
What is the best time to go to Burgos, Spain?
the optimal time to go to Burgos, Spain is August or July.


Synopsis : Paul Dodenhoff writes on the strange lack of coverage in the U.K. media in regards to recent human rights violations.
On the 15th August 2014, The Disability News Service became the first UK media source to break the news that "t he UK government has become the first country to face a high-level inquiry by a United Nations committee, as a result of "grave or systemic violations" of the rights of disabled people".
This 'announcement' came informally, during the Sixth International Disability Law Summer School at the National University of Ireland in Galway in June, by an address from Professor Gabor Gombos, a former UN committee member on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
I raised my concerns about this apparent lack of media interest, in an article for Disabled-World on the 20th August 2014, also voicing concerns about the notable silence of the main political opposition party within the UK - The Labor party. As the UN inquiry is confidential, nobody outside the UN or the British Government is completely sure of what is going on at the moment, and the Government is naturally unprepared to confirm or deny that a high level inquiry is currently taking place. While we can be pretty certain that an inquiry has indeed begun, what form that inquiry is taking or if that inquiry will indeed be slowed down by the General Election taking place within the UK in 2015, we cannot be sure.
However, in a strange twist of fate, The Mail Online became the first and only mainstream news organization in the UK so far to 'break' this story, running the headline on the 27th August 2014: " Now UN sparks fury after launching human rights investigation into Britain's disability benefit reforms". Below is an extract from the article: "The United Nations sparked fury today after launching an unprecedented inquiry into Britain's treatment of the disabled. The UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities launched a formal probe into whether this country has committed 'grave or systemic violations' of the rights of disabled people. Tory MPs tonight branded the investigation 'politically motivated' and said Britain's record on help for disabled people was among the best in the world. The focus on Britain for the latest inquiry raised eyebrows given the other countries represented on the committee. Its members include Uganda, Kenya, Thailand, and Tunisia. The investigation is the latest in a series of interventions into British domestic policy by the United Nations, which have provoked fury among ministers. Earlier this year a group of UN poverty 'ambassadors' attacked Government welfare reforms, and last year the UN's controversial Brazilian housing 'rapporteur' Raquel Rolnik, a former Marxist dubbed the 'Brazil Nut', criticized cuts to housing benefit".
The article goes on to quote the reactions of a number of Conservative MP's. Michael Ellis said: "This politically motivated loony left decision brings the UN organization in to disrepute. At a time when there are grave international crises around the world and when in dozens of countries around the world there are no benefits available, this absurd decision is made to attack our country which rightly does more than almost any other to protect the rights of disadvantaged people from all walks of life."
Fellow Conservative Philip Davies wailed: "These people at the UN are idiots, frankly. There's no other way to describe them. This country has led the way in the support and rights that we give to disabled people - such as through the Disability Discrimination Act which was passed by a Conservative government in 1995. If the UN drew up a list of countries in the world showing how much they gave to disabled people they would find the UK was the highest in the world. They are exposing the UN for the completely useless organization that it is."
While the Department for Work and Pensions predictably refused to comment on the inquiry, did point out that to The Daily Mail: "the UK spends around £50billion a year on disabled people".
So the silence has been broken at last- or has it? The Daily Mail report seemed curiously confident that the UN has indeed launched an "unprecedented inquiry" into the effects of recent UK welfare changes upon the disabled, and was motivated enough to seek out the rather colorful responses from the Members of Parliament quoted above. However, that is still all we have had from the mainstream press within the UK so far, and certainly there has been little reaction or comment to the Daily Mail story itself, by any other mainstream media organizations.
This silence is unlike the 'usual' behavior of the British press that we have witnessed over recent years, particularly from the 'tabloid' variety, who would have been fully expected to have launched a sustained and bitter 'character assassination' of the UN itself by now. However, the silence that has largely surrounded the UK's possible violation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) treaty, a treaty that was ratified by the UK Government on the 8 June 2009, is pretty much unprecedented in recent British media history.
Both the 'left' and the 'right' wing of the establishment press have fallen eerily silent, which is in sharp contrast to the noise that has been generated over the past number of years, particularly from those who frantically and desperately worked to 'scapegoat' both the disabled and the employed within the UK for largely being 'workshy' and 'benefit' fraudsters. It is also in contrast to sections of the British media who have heroically fought back against these falsehoods, half-truths and misinterpretations concerning welfare provision, by highlighting the actual reality of life within Britain for many. A life that is often an existence on pittance wages or pittance benefits, and poverty that is a combined result of a low waged economy, high 'indirect' taxation, mass discrimination over employment and vicious austerity measures.
However, if Government 'flagship' policy over welfare provision primarily targets the unemployed and the disabled for further welfare reform (social groups that are already at the wrong end of the 'prosperity' ladder), then it should not come as a big surprise if these measures actually bring disastrous consequences - as well as also bringing the UK dangerously close to violation of UN conventions on 'human rights'.
A Commons Select Committee investigating this issue, released a report on 2th April 2014, detailing the financial hardship that some of these ill-considered reforms have already caused: "Reforms to the support provided for housing costs - including the Social Sector Size Criteria (SSSC) (also known as the "Bedroom Tax" and the "Spare Room Subsidy") and the household Benefit Cap - are causing financial hardship to vulnerable people who were not the intended targets of the reforms and are unlikely to be able to change their circumstances in response, say the Work and Pensions Committee in a report published Wednesday 2 April."
While the Select Committee considers these effects as being primarily 'unintentional', just what precisely do these politicians expect to happen when policy (such as the 'bedroom tax') is aimed primarily at those on benefits - including the unemployed and many of the disabled? Can nobody within the 'political world' actually think that far ahead? Personally, I also wonder if anybody within this current Government has actually even read the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) treaty.
The HM Government (2012) Welfare Reform Act, sought to reduce the UK's welfare benefit costs by a total of £18 billion over a period of five years from its implementation date, by promoting 'work' as more beneficial than claiming 'benefit'. Therefore, while £18 billion is a large sum of money, these reforms are much less about saving money and much more about 'ideological' reform - and reform that underpins the 'work ethic' itself. It is welfare reform fueled primarily by the argument that welfare benefits within the UK are far too generous, and that people would therefore sooner stay on benefits than find work. Arguments that have consistently been proven to be false, on all counts.
The reforms currently in place are not just out of touch with reality, but measures so draconian that they would not be out of place within 17th or 18th century Britain. They are also measures that may end up costing the UK taxpayer a small fortune, and certainly nobody at the moment is willing to tot up what these welfare reforms have actually cost the taxpayer so far to implement. Certainly, these costs run into many hundreds of millions of pounds already, and money that has primarily have been spent in trying to bully and humiliate sick and disabled people back into employment. We should remind ourselves that Atos Healthcare, the firm that was originally responsible for testing disabled benefit claims in "fitness for work" tests, were said to have had a £500 million contract with the government for this work.
Forcing people who are sick or disabled back into employment has already had disastrous consequences for many. As the Government's welfare reduction drive truly kicked in, between January 2011 and November 2011, 10,600 deaths were recorded within six weeks of a claimant coming off incapacity benefit. Although we don't know the actual number of claimants who died while an appeal process was in progress. However, certainly many hundreds of thousands of appeals were ongoing at that moment in time, the majority of which were later upheld in favor of the claimant.
Wages for those at the bottom end of the labor market have been steadily falling in real terms for many years. Additionally, the types of jobs that are being created at the moment within the UK are predominantly precarious, part-time and poorly paid jobs. This is witnessed by the numbers of people who are experiencing in-work poverty, and according to the charity Oxfam, there are now over 13 million people in the UK who do not have enough to live on each week. Currently, half the total population of the UK claim 'benefits' of some kind or another, therefore being on benefits does not mean that people are 'well off', working or otherwise.
Forcing people off benefits in order to get claimants to take up low paid work, is not only a heavy handed ideological attempt to underpin the 'work ethic', but completely ignores both the personal health circumstances that people may have, and also the effort that people actually put in to find work - and are often rejected by employers through no fault of their own.
In addition, research undertaken by a top British University in 2013, indicated that Government attempts to reduce the welfare budget could actually have a negative effect on the economy by as much as £30.4 billion a year. And earlier this year, the Welsh government duly complained that about £930m is being currently lost to the Welsh economy every year because of current welfare reforms. A negative effect on the economy that will surely also impact upon Scotland.
This may in fact bring us much closer to the reason why mainstream media within the UK and The opposition Labor party, may have kept largely 'quiet' about the UK playing fast and loose with UN human rights conventions. The proverbial saying 'Silence is golden' springs to mind, a saying that is used in certain circumstances where saying nothing is the most preferred option. Yes, silence may be golden, but silence can also speak volumes.
Firstly, the British Labor party has broadly condoned the current welfare reforms going on within the UK today, and have even publicly stated that any future Labor Government will not undo them. So, if any embarrassment is felt by the Government over potential UN human rights investigations over the consequences of welfare reform, this embarrassment will also surely be felt by the main opposition party too.
Secondly, despite the comments of the two Conservative MP's highlighted above, the UN is largely respected by the British Government, and the British Government actually depend upon UN support and intervention in helping to protect British interests abroad. However, the power of the UN is limited, and will not on its own be able to force any UK Government to change tack on welfare policy. Nevertheless, it will certainly look bad for any Government to ignore an UN investigation and its recommendations, and it's an embarrassment that may hang over British parliament for many years to come. We as a nation cannot criticize any other country for human rights violations, when we are actually seen to commit them at home, ourselves. It is also an embarrassment that may have consequences much closer to home, and much sooner than we think.
There are all sorts of rumors flying around at the moment about why there is a general reluctance from the mainstream media within the UK, and also the British Labor party, in commenting upon the UK's apparent violation of the UNCRPD treaty. Has the current Government somehow silenced and suppressed our supposedly free press, and the main oppression party too? Well yes, the rumors say - but not in a way I expected.
On Thursday 18th September 2014 there will be a referendum on independence for Scotland, it's an important vote for the future of the UK. There is a suggestion that Government was initially confident that this vote would go in favor of Scotland staying part of the United Kingdom. However, in recent weeks, this confidence has been rocked by a number of polls that suggest that vote may indeed be much closer than expected, and may even go down to the 'wire'.
Many of the arguments put forward by those in favor of independence have focused on the incapacity of the British Government to make decisions that are in the Scottish national interest, including decisions upon social policy, taxation, employment, health and welfare. The arguments are that the general public in Scotland, the sick, the poor and the disabled will be much better off in an independent Scotland, where Scottish parliament will have more control over the decisions that affect them the most.
Therefore, rumors have it that the both the Government and the opposition Labor party are so desperate not to have any further bad 'news' bandied about welfare reform (and bad news that may actually tip the independence vote into the 'yes' camp), that until after 18th September, the national media within the UK have been politely and quietly asked to 'sit' on any story associated with any potential violation of the UNCRPD treaty. Not surprising, since both 'right' and 'left' wings of the British media have much to gain by not rocking the 'independence' boat for their prospective political parties, they have duly complied with this request.
This 'rumor' gained extra momentum last week after the Prime Minister's authority received a damaging blow in Parliament itself, when a Liberal Democrat bill aimed at modifying the controversial 'bedroom tax' was voted through to the next stage in Parliament - after 70 Conservative MP's stayed away and refused to vote with the Government. An unprecedented move in British political history, which is said to indicate that many of our politicians are indeed feeling jittery at the moment, and not only because of recent UN scrutiny over British welfare reform - particularly the dreaded 'bedroom tax' itself.
Certainly, Government welfare reform has hit Scotland hard, and any damaging effects that may also impact upon its economy, will also make an 'independence' vote appear highly attractive to the Scottish voter. No surprise then, that our political leaders and their media associates are feeling quite nervous now - and rightly and deservingly so.


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Answers to a series of questions about all types of franking machines based in the UK.
What Royal Mail Products & Services can I pay for using a franking machine?
Is a franking machine for all types of business?
Yes, franking is used by mall, medium and large organisations both business, education and government organisations.
Where do I get a franking machine and how do I choose one?
How much does using a franking machine cost to use and run?
Royal Mail costs are the costs of franking your postage.In addition you'll need to take into consideration the cost of leasing or buying your machine and running the machine.
The Royal Mail can withdraw permission to use a franking machine for any contravention of the terms and conditions of use or if for any other reason they believe there to be illegal activity.
You need to have your machine inspected at least once a year by a Royal Mail apProved Inspector.
You must inform your supplier / maintainer and / or the Royal Mail if you move or change your franking machine.
You must present your post under the terms & conditions of your Franking Machine Licence.
Once I have franked my post what do I do next?
The royal Mail can supply you with red and green bags, trays or mail bags to help you with the correct presentation of your mail.
Can the Royal Mail collect my franked mail from me?
You can have a your mail collected for a fee. You need to contact the Royal Mail on 08457 950 950 for prices and to arrange.
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Get it Connected: You can simply arrange for the Royal Mail to collect your mail permanently or as a one of single collection for a fee. Its always worth checking with the Royal Mail on 08457 950 950 tge price to have your post collected.
Special Franked Mail Post Boxes: If you are near an industrial estate or an area with many local business's operating theres a high chance they'll be a 'Franked Mail' Box. If youre lucky enough to have one of these nearby then these are always a good cost effective option.
The Local Post Office: Most franking machine users tend to take their mail to the local post office.
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Can I enter the weight in manually on my franking machine?
Until recently the Royal Mail allowed manual value and weight entry on franking machines but now this feature is being withdrawn from most machines, to avoid mistakes and surcharges.