A pressure sensor able to value touch pressures at oblique angles includes a substrate base, a deformable substrate disposed on the substrate base, and a carbon nanometer layer disposed on the deformable substrate. A cover plate is disposed on the carbon nanometer layer, and two flexible power circuit boards electrically connect the carbon nanometer layer to the substrate base. The device includes a processor. The substrate base includes a substrate and a pad. The pad is located between the substrate and the deformable substrate. The deformable substrate and the cover plate are made of elastic materials. The processor calculates lateral pressures based on the resistance variation value due to the vertical deformation of the carbon nanometer layer and the capacitance variation value between the carbon nanometer layer and the pads when an external physical resistance is experienced as a force applied to the cover plate.
1. A pressure sensor comprising: a substrate base comprising a substrate and a solder pad; a deformable substrate disposed on the substrate base and being made of one or more elastic and dielectric materials, wherein the solder pad is positioned between the substrate and the deformable substrate; a carbon nanotube layer disposed on the deformable substrate and comprising an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, wherein the deformable substrate is disposed under the lower surface; a plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes patterned on the upper surface of the carbon nanotube layer; a plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes patterned on the lower surface of the carbon nanotube layer, wherein the plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes and the plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes are spaced to perpendicularly intersect, the carbon nanotube layer within each spaced perpendicularly intersecting region constitutes a pressure sensor unit of the pressure sensor; a cover plate disposed on the upper surface of the carbon nanotube layer and being made of one or more elastic materials; two flexible circuit boards connecting the carbon nanotube layer and the substrate base; and a processor, wherein the carbon nanotube layer is deformed when an external physical pressure is experienced by the cover plate, causing variations in resistance to generate in the pressure sensor unit at a point of contact of the external physical pressure and variations in capacitance to generate between the carbon nanotube layer and the solder pad, the processor calculates a resistance variation value in the pressure sensor unit at the point of contact of the external physical pressure and a capacitance variation value between the carbon nanotube layer and the solder pad, the external physical pressure comprises a lateral pressure which is parallel to the cover plate, the processor further calculates the lateral pressure at the point of contact of the external physical pressure in accordance with the resistance variation value and the capacitance variation value.
2. The pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising a resistance measurement device and a capacitance measurement device, wherein the resistance measurement device measures the variations in resistance in the pressure sensor unit at the point of contact of the external physical pressure, and the capacitance measurement device measures the variations in capacitance between the carbon nanotube layer and the solder pad.
3. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes and the plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes are electrically connected to the substrate through a plurality of wires.
4. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a distance between each of the plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes and each of the plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes is constant.
5. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the deformable substrate is made of polydimethylsiloxane, silicone resin, or rubber.
6. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the cover plate is made of polyethylene terephthalate or thin glass composition.
7. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein a thickness of each of the plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes is 25 microns to 65 microns, and a thickness of each of the plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes 36 is 25 microns to 65 microns.
8. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanometer layer is made of a composite material, the composite material comprises a polymer matrix material and carbon nanotubes distributed in the polymer matrix material, a mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the polymer matrix material is (0.1.about.15): 100.
9. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the two flexible circuit boards are positioned on the upper surface of the carbon nanotube layer and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube layer and the substrate base.
10. The pressure sensor of claim 9, wherein the substrate base further comprises a connector and a plurality of solder joints, one end of each two flexible circuit boards is electrically connected to the upper surface of the carbon nanotube layer, and the other end of each flexible circuit boards is electrically connected to the connector or the plurality of solder joints.
11. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the external physical pressure further comprises a vertical pressure, F.sub.v, which is perpendicular to the lateral pressure, the processor calculates the vertical pressure F.sub.v based on the resistance variation value, and calculate the lateral pressure, F.sub.L, based on the capacitance variation value and the vertical pressure F.sub.v.
12. The pressure sensor of claim 11, wherein the processor calculates a distance variation value, .DELTA.d, between the carbon nanotube layer and the solder pad according to an equation: .DELTA.C.epsilon.S(1/d-1/[d-.DELTA.d]) wherein .DELTA.C denotes the capacitance variation value, S denotes an area of the carbon nanotube layer, d denotes an original distance between the carbon nanotube layer and the solder pad; wherein a pressure sensing area of the carbon nanotube layer is divided into four square areas with same size and shape, coordinates of nine end points of the four square areas are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (-1,0), (0,-1), (1,1), (1, -1), (-1,1) and (-1,-1), coordinate of a central point of the pressure sensing area is (0,0), different distance variation values .DELTA.d correspond to heights of nine end points, the processor further substitutes the coordinates of the nine end points into an equation d.sub.i=F.sub.i(x,y)=A.sub.0x.sup.2+C.sub.0x+D.sub.0y=E.sub.0, to obtain values of A.sub.0, B.sub.0, C.sub.0, D.sub.0 and E.sub.0; the processor further calculates a trajectory equation F.sub.i(x,y)=A.sub.1x.sup.2+B.sub.1y.sup.2+C.sub.1x+D.sub.1y+E.sub.1, for a trajectory of each end point, to obtain values of A.sub.1, B.sub.1, C.sub.1, D.sub.1 and E.sub.1 as a solution of A.sub.0, B.sub.0, C.sub.0, D.sub.0 and E.sub.0; the processor further calculates a tangent equation of the trajectory equation by derivation: F.sub.i'(x,y)=2 A.sub.1x+2 B.sub.1y+C.sub.1+D.sub.1 the processor further calculates a slope k of a tangent line of tangent equation: k=tan .alpha.=-B.sub.1/A.sub.1 where .alpha. denotes a tilt angle of the tangent equation in Cartesian coordinate system; the processor further calculates a magnitude and a direction of the lateral pressure F.sub.L by tan .alpha. and the vertical force F.sub.v: F.sub.L=-A.sub.1/B.sub.1F.sub.v.
The subject matter herein generally relates to materials handling.
In the field of robotic applications, a pressure sensor is touch sensitive. The pressure sensor is mainly used for measuring the applied vertical contact pressure and not for measuring the lateral pressure. The development of robots needs to increase the touch sensitivity to simulate the touch sense of a human being. The pressure sensor needs to detect the contact force and distinguish between vertical and lateral pressures to obtain a good tactile feedback.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a pressure sensor according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an isometric exploded view of the pressure sensor in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure sensor along the line in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an isometric exploded view of the pressure sensor in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure sensor in FIG.1 being pressured.
FIG. 6 is a cubic representation of a partial area of the pressure sensor in FIG. 5.
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. Also, the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the present disclosure.
The term "comprising," when utilized, means "including, but not necessarily limited to"; it specifically indicates open-ended inclusion or membership in the so-described combination, group, series, and the like.
FIG. 1 illustrates a pressure sensor 100 which includes a substrate base 10, a deformable substrate 20, a carbon nanotube layer 30, a cover plate 40, two flexible circuit boards 50, a resistance measurement device 60, a capacitance measurement device 70, and a processor 80. The deformable substrate 20 is disposed on the substrate base 10. The cover plate 40 covers the deformable substrate 20. The carbon nanotube layer 30 is positioned between the deformable substrate 20 and the cover plate 40.
FIG. 2 illustrates the cover plate 40 separated from the pressure sensor 100 and the two flexible circuit boards 50 attached to the carbon nanotube layer 30.
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-section of the pressure sensor 100. Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the substrate base 10 includes a substrate 11, a solder pad 12, a connector 14, and a plurality of solder joints 16. The solder pad 12, the connector 14, and the solder joints 16 are disposed on the substrate 11. The substrate 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The substrate 11 can be a rigid circuit board made of a flame resistant material, a glass substrate with circuit wires, or a ceramic substrate with circuit wires. In at least one embodiment, the substrate 11 is a rigid circuit board made of a flame resistant material. The solder pad 12 has a rectangular structure. The solder pad 12 is located at a central position of the substrate 11. The connector 14 and the solder joints 16 are located at opposite ends of the solder pad 12. The connector 14 is an elongated structure. Each solder joint 16 forms a straight line.
The deformable substrate 20 is made of elastic and dielectric materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silicone resin, or rubber. The deformable substrate 20 is bonded on the solder pad 12.
As FIG. 4 illustrates, the carbon nanotube layer 30 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The carbon nanotube layer 30 includes an upper surface 31, a lower surface 32 opposed to the upper surface 31, a plurality of parallel metallic column electrodes 34 patterned on the upper surface 31, and a plurality of parallel metallic row electrodes 36 patterned on the lower surface 32. The thickness of each of the parallel metallic column electrodes 34 is 25 microns to 65 microns and the thickness of each of the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 is 25 microns to 65 microns. The distance between each of the parallel metallic column electrodes 34 and each of the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 is constant.
The carbon nanotube layer 30 is a thin film made of a composite material. The composite material is made by a polymer matrix material and carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix material (not shown). The mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the polymer matrix material is (0.1.about.15):100. The polymer matrix material can be a dimethyl siloxane or a styrene-butadiene-styrene block co-polymer. The carbon nanotubes can be single-wall carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
The parallel metallic column electrodes 34 and the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 are spaced so as to perpendicularly intersect. The overlapping portions of each parallel metallic column electrode 34 and parallel metallic electrode 36 within the spaced perpendicularly intersecting region and the part of the carbon nanotubes within the spaced perpendicularly intersecting region constitute a pressure sensor unit of the pressure sensor 100.
As mentioned above, the carbon nanotube layer 30 is positioned between the deformable substrate 20 and the cover plate 40. The carbon nanotube layer 30 includes the upper surface 31 and the lower surface 32. Therefore, the upper surface 31 and the lower surfaces 32 are respectively in contact with the cover plate 40 and the deformable substrate 20. The lower surface 32 of the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the deformable substrate 20 completely overlap. In addition, the cover plate 40 covers the upper surface 31 of the carbon nanotube layer 30. The cover plate 40 and the upper surface 31 of the carbon nanotube layer 30 are also completely overlapped. In at least one embodiment, the cover plate 40 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The cover plate 40 can be made of elastic materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, ultra-thin glass, or a soft coating.
Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, each of the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 is electrically connected to the substrate 11 through metal wires 38, and each of the parallel metallic column electrodes 34 is also electrically connected to the substrate 11 via metal wires 38.
The two flexible circuit boards 50 are located at opposite sides of the carbon nanotube layer 30. One end of each flexible circuit board 50 is electrically connected to the upper surface 31 of the carbon nanotube layer 30, and the other end of each flexible circuit boards 50 is electrically connected to the connector 14 or the solder joints 16.
The resistance measurement device 60, the capacitance measurement device 70, and the processor 80 are disposed on the substrate 11 and electrically connected to the substrate 11. The resistance measurement means 60 measures the variations in resistance due to the vertical deformation of the carbon nanotube layer 30 positioned between the parallel metallic column electrode 34 and the parallel metallic row electrode 36. The capacitance measurement means 70 measures the variations in capacitance between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12. The external physical pressure can be divided into two orthogonal components, that is, a vertical pressure perpendicular to the cover plate 40, and a lateral pressure parallel to the cover plate 40. The processor 80 calculates the lateral pressure (as a result of touch) exerted on the pressure sensor 100 in accordance with the two values of the variations.
FIG. 5 illustrates the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the deformable substrate 20 being deformed through the cover plate 40 when the cover plate 40 experiences the physical pressure of an external contact. As mentioned above, the parallel metallic column electrodes 34 and the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 are respectively patterned on the upper surface 31 and the lower surface 32 of the carbon nanotube layer 30. The parallel metallic column electrodes 34 and the parallel metallic row electrodes 36 are spaced and perpendicularly intersect. The carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer 30 within the spaced perpendicularly intersecting region constitute a part of pressure sensor unit of the pressure sensor 100. When an external physical pressure is experienced by the cover plate 40, the external physical pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor unit, the gaps and contact status between the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer 30 are accordingly changed. This results in a change of the resistance network structure formed by the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube layer 30. The macro resistance of the pressure sensor unit at the point of contact of the external physical pressure is changed. The resistance measurement device 60 is used for measuring the resistance variation value between the parallel metallic column electrode 34 and the parallel metallic row electrodes 36. The capacitance measurement means 70 is used for measuring the capacitance variation value between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12. The processor 80 first calculates the vertical pressure, F.sub.v, of the carbon nanotube layer 30 in accordance with the above resistance variation value measured by the resistance measurement device 60 when the external physical pressure is experienced on the cover plate 40 of the pressure sensor 100. The processor 80 then calculates the lateral pressure, F.sub.L, based on the capacitance variation value and the vertical pressure to obtain the direction and magnitude of the lateral pressure.
The calculation method is described below. The capacitance is calculated as C=.epsilon.S/d, (1) where .epsilon.is the dielectric constant of the medium between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12, S is the area of the carbon nanotube layer 30, and d is the distance between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12. Therefore, .DELTA.C=.epsilon.S(1/d-1/[d-.DELTA.d]); (2) where .DELTA.C is the capacitance variation value between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12, S is the area of the carbon nanotube layer 30, d is the distance between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12, and .DELTA.d is the distance variation value of the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12.
The distance variation value between the carbon nanotube layer 30 and the solder pad 12 can be obtained through the capacitance variation value .DELTA.C.
FIG. 6 illustrates a pressure sensing area of the pressure sensor 100 having different distance variation values when the external physical pressure is experienced on the pressure sensor 100 shown in FIG. 5. The pressure sensing area is divided into four square areas with the same size and shape. The coordinates of the nine end points of the four square areas are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (-1,0), (0,-1), (1,1), (1,-1), (-1,1) and (-1,-1). The coordinates of the central point of the pressure sensing area is (0,0). .DELTA.C can be calculated by the .DELTA.d which corresponds to the height of the nine points coordinates in FIG. 6.
The slope k of the tangent line can be obtained from the tangent equation (5); k=tan .alpha.=-B.sub.1/A.sub.1 (6) where .alpha. is in the Cartesian coordinate system of the tilt angle of the tangent equation (5).
Thus the processor 80 can calculate the magnitude of the vertical pressure based on the resistance variation value perpendicular to the carbon nanotube layer 30. After obtaining the vertical pressure, the processor 80 can calculate the lateral pressure exerted on the cover plate 40 of the pressure sensor 100 based on the capacitance variation value and the vertical pressure. Thus, the pressure sensor 100 can measure the lateral pressure. The robot utilizing the sensor 100 can have a good tactile feedback.
The embodiments shown and described above are only examples. Many details are often found in the art such as the other features of a pressure sensor. Therefore, many such details are neither shown nor described. Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present technology have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in the detail, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the present disclosure, up to and including the full extent established by the broad general meaning of the terms used in the claims. It will therefore be appreciated that the embodiments described above may be modified within the scope of the claims.


Determine if the argument is valid or invalid. Give a reason to justify answer. If the bell rings, then we answer the door. The bell rings. We answer the door.


This list shows the peaks climbed by Edward Earl, with one entry for every summit attained, by whatever means. Attempts and simple hikes are not shown. Only the first ascent date is listed for peaks climbed more than once. Sortable columns of information about each peak are also provided, including elevation, location, prominence, isolation, and high point status.
South Point - Big Island of Hawaii - Southernmost Point of Land in 50 states 1998-04-23 0 USA-HI 0 ... ...... .
Cape Alava / Cannonball Island - Westernmost Point of DRY Land in Lower 48 2003-08-06 0 USA-WA 0 ... ...... .
6632 2006-03-26 6632 USA-NM 0 ... ...... .
CT-MA-NY Tri-Point 2011-08-24 2156 USA-MA 0 ... ...... .
Point 5414 - Meadow Mountain-South Peak 2012-09-08 5414 USA-WA 0 ... ...... .
West Quoddy Head - Easternmost Point of DRY Land in the 50 states 2013-07-21 0 USA-ME 0 ... ...... .
Cape Prince of Wales - Westernmost Point of DRY Land in the 50 states 2014-08-07 0 USA-AK 0 ... ...... .
Point 5700 - Kaleetan South Peak 2015-06-06 5700 USA-WA 0 ... ...... .


This article analyzes how the introduction of low-cost carriers has influenced tourism activity in a European destination, namely the town of Alghero (Italy). This can be addressed via a multiple stage approach. Firstly, a descriptive analysis highlights the dynamics of tourism demand and supply in the past three decades. Secondly, a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model with intervention variables is employed to highlight the influence that low-cost flights have had on the town of Alghero. Finally, the relationship between demand and supply is analyzed via a Granger test. The findings indicate that low-cost carriers have influenced both domestic and international tourism demand, albeit to differing degrees. The article offers policy direction on how tourism infrastructures should be developed according to an economic and environmental sustainability perspective.
This study develops and tests a model to investigate the effects of memorable tourism experiences on future behavioral intentions (e.g., revisiting). A structural equation modeling analysis reveals that the memorable experiential components of involvement, hedonism, and local culture positively affect behavioral intention to revisit the same destination, repractice the same tourist activities, and generate positive word-of-mouth publicity. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of memorable tourism experiences and the experiential factors that enhance positive behavioral intentions. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study results are discussed in detail.
This article explores the importance and degree of network development within the tourism industry of four regional centers located along one of Australia’s well-known river systems, the Murray River. Cluster theory serves as the broad theoretical orientation, with the attitudes towards competitive behavior and the receptiveness to cluster development examined and reported in the article. The results gathered and analyzed imply that those regions which have fully adopted the clustering concept are inclined to be more successful also in terms of tourism expenditure and overnight tourist visitation. Business clustering may be used as a means of stimulating local businesses to contribute to their own development and therefore raising the competitive advantage of a region, providing the correct local leadership and cooperation between sectors constituting the industry exists.
The aim of this study is to assess the effects of leisure time on China’s long-run economic growth. Two compensation effects of leisure are introduced into the growth model to assess if leisure choice-set affects economic growth in the long term. Time series data covering 23 years (1981–2003) are used in the study, and a neoclassic growth model is employed to analyze the data. The result shows a weak and negative relationship between leisure time and China’s long-term economic growth.
Destination image is critical to the success of any destination, particularly because of how it affects the level of satisfaction with the tourist experience. Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) and its revision were selected for destination positioning analysis in this study. The first aim of this article is to extend the traditional IPA approach and provided an option for destination positioning analysis. The measurement of image related to cultural tourism has received little attention in the tourism literature. Consequently, in this exploratory research, the first step is to conceptualize cultural tourism and determine the main attributes involved in its image measurement. Then, the scale developed was tested in an empirical manner. A questionnaire was used to examine the importance of 19 destination attributes for Taiwanese tourists who visited Britain’s cultural tourism attractions and to determine how they rated Britain’s performance with respect to these attributes postvisitation. This information was subsequently incorporated into the traditional and revised IPA grids. Then implications for destination positioning were provided by classifying the image attributes into factors so that the British destination management organizations can make better decisions about how to improve the perceived image. The result confirms the importance of tangible and Britain-specific cultural assets, such as authentic sights, historic architecture, museums and galleries, literary and artistic sites, as well as British customs and way of life. They can be pull factors for tourists looking to do something quintessentially British. However, adequate resources have to be allocated to improve the welcome, gastronomy, as well as the expense of visiting Britain, not only because they are the major weaknesses but also because tourists regard them as prerequisites. Moreover, attributes such as festivals/events and lively atmosphere can delight the tourists and strongly enhance overall satisfaction.
This study examined financial measures that constitute determinants of systematic risk in the casino industry. Multiple regression analysis, one-way ANOVA, and independent sample t-tests were conducted to analyze the measures. Leverage and liquidity were positively related to systematic risk yet growth rate was negatively related. Furthermore, it was confirmed that different sectors of the casino industry had different level of risk. Findings suggest that casino managers in different sectors of the casino industry should use different financial strategies to reduce risk. Casino investors should also understand the unique financial characteristics of different sectors of the casino industry. Finally, casino managers should focus on developing well-planned customer activities, such as gaming tournaments or special events, to protect casinos from experiencing high-risk seasons.
This article discusses the applications and the results of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting model to predict the international tourist arrivals into Malaysia using the monthly data from January 2002 through December 2007. Based on the arrivals and the average length of stay, the revenue was computed and the time series forecast model was fitted to estimate the total revenue for the Malaysian tourism industry. International arrivals into Malaysia remained resilient and have been dominant by Asian visitors. The five Asian countries, namely Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, and China, together accounted for 75.3% of the international tourist arrivals into Malaysia and contributed to 66.5%, of the Malaysian tourism revenue for the year 2007. The forecasting models were also fitted for tourists coming into Malaysia from these five countries for future planning and managerial applications. It is worthwhile to mention that the forecasted arrivals and revenue for the year 2008 almost coincide with the actual Malaysian official tourism figures and the variation is negligible, which strengthens the validity and the robustness of the fitted models.
Entertainment shows/events are becoming an increasingly great interest to entertainment organizations as a useful basis for attracting and retaining visitors. A total of 8,446 individuals surveyed by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority (Charlotte, NC) were used for analysis to explore significant differences in three quality dimensions (the show, the services/areas, and the staff treatment), along with visitor satisfaction and future intentions 1) between local and nonlocal visitors and 2) across five different types of the entertainment shows/events (Concert, Comedy, Broadway, Family, and Others). Results of multiple MANOVA procedures suggest significant differences in the quality dimensions, satisfaction, and future intentions between local and nonlocal visitors and across the different types of the entertainment shows/events. Accordingly, several implications relevant to marketing efforts and actions needed are discussed for practitioners and researchers.
This study extends the existing tourism literature by examining the relationship between previous trip satisfaction, destination image favorability, and repeat visitation intentions. The study involved a secondary analysis of data collected by a state destination marketing organization in the Southeast US. Factor analysis was used to reduce 19 destination image measures into three factor scores. OLS Regression was used to examine the effects of previous trip satisfaction on repeat visitation intentions, while controlling for destination image favorability. The study concludes that, when controlling for destination image favorability, previous trip satisfaction still has a substantive effect on repeat visitation intentions, implying a need for continued theoretical development understanding the effects of previous destination visitation on repeat behavior.
This study conceptualizes a three-dimensional model of tourist attributional process which explains how tourists account for negative experiences. The three dimensions are locus (internal vs. external), stability (stable vs. unstable), and globality (global vs. specific). Each of them mediates the relationship between negative tourism experience and satisfaction. The model suggests that tourist attribution to internal, unstable, and specific factors leads to higher levels of overall satisfaction after negative experiences. Furthermore, the model posits that loyalty is a variable that moderates tourists’ negative experiences on their attribution. The relationships conceptualized in the model illustrate that the same destination experience can lead to different levels of satisfaction. In particular, a negative experience does not necessarily result in a lower level of satisfaction.
This article explores the link between authenticity expectations and tourist satisfaction at heritage sites using a consumption model of authenticity. The population in focus is a subset of Generation Y in the US. In doing so, it offers important perspectives on strategic brand management for heritage sites so that proactive strategies can be formulated. The results show that authenticity has become an important performance indicator of heritage tourism. It enriches tourist experience and satisfaction and is a crucial measure to gauge marketing success.


Q: I desperately need some advice! My ex-husband has recently been murdered by his live-in girlfriend. He and I stayed in touch and were friends, even though I remarried. He told me about a year ago that I was still his 401(k) beneficiary.
My ex's family are very wealthy, and they hate my guts. They have taken total control of his estate. I believe that given the opportunity, my ex mother-in-law would contest anything coming to me. She even told lies about me at the funeral when I was just a few feet away.
What do I need to do now? Should I wait to see if the company holding the 401(k) retirement account finds me? I now have a different last name and address, but my Social Security number matches my newly married name and new address.
A: Wow. This sounds like a combination of classic soap opera and modern reality show!
Let's start by eliminating everything that's highly dramatic, but legally irrelevant.
Your former in-laws' great wealth and intense dislike of you, your former mother-in-law's probable desire to rob you of an inheritance, the fact that your former father-in-law works for the same company as your ex, your recent unemployment and need for the money -- none of this has any bearing on your legal situation.
There would be nothing inappropriate or unseemly about your calling or writing to your ex-husband's employer and asking if you are the designated beneficiary on his 401(k) account.
But it isn't necessary. Based on what you say, all you need to do is sit tight. If you're still listed as your ex-husband's designated 401(k) beneficiary, your Social Security number is all the plan administrator will need to find you.
1. Your ex-husband didn't remarry. If he had remarried, his new wife would be legally entitled to be his 401(k) beneficiary.
What happens when a 401(k) plan participant remarries, but his beneficiary designation form still lists his ex-wife? "Then the beneficiary designation form is canceled, and the participant's account is paid to his current wife," says Robyn Credico, an employee benefits expert at Towers Watson in New York City.
But if your ex was unmarried and you're still listed as his beneficiary, you are entitled to the account. This would be true even if his death had been accidental and had left his live-in girlfriend emotionally and financially devastated.
2. A 401(k) plan designation is not subject to legal challenge by the decedent's parents.
From what you say, it sounds as if your ex had no will. When you die without a will, the state's intestacy law dictates who gets your estate -- and in many states, when you die unmarried and childless, the law says your estate goes to your parents.
But the intestacy law applies only to assets that would have passed through your will if you'd had one. It doesn't apply to assets that pass 'by operation of law' -- i.e., assets that have designated beneficiaries or are jointly owned with right of survivorship.
In other words, even if your former in-laws have inherited their son's estate and all his personal belongings, they can't contest his disposition of his 401(k) account, his life insurance policy, his 'in-trust-for' bank account, or anything that he owned jointly with right of survivorship with another person who survives him.
Please send your questions to Lynn@LynnBrennersFamilyFinance.com. I'm sorry I can't respond personally to every email. Questions are addressed only online.
(c) Lynn Brenner, All Rights Reserved.
DAD'S WILL IS MISSING: did his wife destroy it?
Q: My father knew he was terminally ill, and went to an attorney to have a will made. My brother and sister were at his house when he returned, and he told them, "Just got back from the attorney, my will is all drawn up, everything is taken care of." He passed away several months later.
A: This sounds like a promising plot for a 'Law and Order' episode. But don't leap to conclusions yet. Your stepmother may be innocent of any crime.
Destroying someone else's will with intent to defraud is a Class E felony, says Gregg M. Weiss, an estate lawyer at Gardner & Weiss in New York City. But what your father said to your siblings doesn't prove the existence of a later will.
A person who is old and sick and feels pressured to write a will sometimes tell his relatives he has done so even when he hasn't, just to reassure them. And even if your father did have a new will drawn up shortly before he died, your stepmother may not have known about it.
As for the will she presented to the court, the fact that it isn't notarized doesn't cast doubt on its validity. A will must be signed and witnessed by two people to be accepted by a New York court, but there's no requirement it be notarized, says Weiss. "What you often see attached to a will is an attesting witness affidavit, and that affidavit is notarized," he says. "That's good legal practice, but it's not a requirement."
It's not a foregone conclusion that the court will accept the will your stepmother has presented. The probate process will give you and your siblings plenty of opportunity to voice your concerns, says Weiss. He suggests you search through your father's checkbooks for a payment to a lawyer. "The checks he wrote are a road map to his life -- and you're talking about a relatively narrow period of time between his statement about visiting a lawyer and his death," he says.
And what if the court accepts the will your stepmother presented, and you subsequently find a later one? There is no statute of limitations for the court to accept a later will, says Eric Kramer, an estate lawyer at Farrell Fritz in Uniondale New York. But of course, the sooner it's found, the better. The more time has elapsed, the less likely it is that a court will agree to hear about it.
This is a cautionary tale. Weiss and Kramer both advise readers to leave the original copy of their will with their lawyer, and make sure that family members know that lawyer's name and telephone number. "Your situation could have been avoided if your father had told your siblings his lawyer's name," says Kramer.
POLICE INVESTIGATE MOM'S DEATH: How soon will I get inheritance?
A: Not to minimize your tax concerns, but the real attention-grabber here is that open police inquiry. It raises the intriguing question of how suspected foul play may affect the distribution of an inheritance.
But let’s start by answering the question you asked.
The 401(k) plan administrator may not be familiar with the new law, called the Pension Protection Act of 2006. That law is unambiguous: After Dec. 31, 2006, a non-spouse beneficiary can roll the distribution of an inherited 401(k) account into an IRA, regardless of when the original account owner died.
If your late mother's 401(k) isn't distributed until 2007, you can roll the lump sum into an IRA, says Bob Walter, a principal and benefits consultant at Buck Consultants in Secaucus, N.J. You can then take taxable annual IRA distributions based on your own life expectancy.
That would save you a lot of money.
But you can't compel the plan to delay the distribution just because the law will change, he adds. A 401(k) plan is obligated to follow its own rules. And most plans require the payment of lump-sum distributions to non-spousal beneficiaries "as soon as practicable after death."
In this case, there has been a delay – and your letter implies that's because of the police investigation.
It's possible that investigation has delayed the issuance of a death certificate, says Walter -- and no 401(k) plan administrator would make a beneficiary distribution without seeing a death certificate. But if the death certificate has been issued, he adds, the fact that there's an investigation wouldn't hold up the 402(k) distribution.
Insurance companies, which are state-regulated, automatically delay distribution of assets when a death is being investigated by the police, because state law doesn't allow anyone to benefit from a crime, says William Cornachio, a partner at Rivkin Radler, a Uniondale law firm. But a 401(k) plan wouldn't normally delay a distribution to comply with state law, says Walter, because 401(k) plans are federally regulated.
But a civil verdict of wrongful death might not prevent a beneficiary from inheriting from the person whose death he caused, adds Cornachio. The reason: a wrongful death may be the result of pure negligence rather than an intentional act.
"Causing Dad's death because you backed the car out of the garage and didn't see him in his wheelchair in the driveway might not bar you from inheriting," he says. "Driving head-on and hitting Dad in his wheelchair at 30 miles an hour – yes, that probably would bar you from inheriting."
Q: Two years ago my son moved to Florida, where he fell in love with a girl who had baggage. Shortly after they met she informed him that she was wanted by the FBI for bank and credit card fraud. Although she claimed to be innocent, she was tried, found guilty, sentenced to three years and required to pay back $250,000 in restitution.
A: The young woman's past won't affect your son's credit rating if he marries her. But it's going to make their financial life very difficult.
Your prospective daughter-in-law's criminal conviction can't taint your son's credit rating. Each spouse's credit rating is based on his or her individual record. Nor will her $250,000 liability become a joint liability if she marries him: No one can garnishee your son's salary to repay debts she incurred before they married.
This young woman will never get credit again. They'll never clear her debt, because this type of liability can't be discharged in a bankruptcy. So their ability to borrow - to get a mortgage and a car loan, and to make credit card purchases - will depend solely on your son's credit.
And it's extremely unlikely that anyone will ever hire her. So your son will be the sole breadwinner.
"If he applies for a loan to buy something in his name alone, the issue of her credit rating probably won't come up," says Matthew G. Roseman, a Garden City bankruptcy attorney. "But her name could never appear in title to anything they owned."
Although his wife's criminal track record won't taint his credit record, in the real world it may still hurt his ability to borrow, says Anthony Sabino, a Mineola bankruptcy attorney who is also an associate professor of law at Tobin College of Business at St John's University.
Any lender who runs a credit check on his wife may decide to charge your son a higher rate, or even refuse to lend to him, explains Sabino. Banks can't discriminate on the grounds of race, gender or religion - but there's no law against refusing to lend money for business reasons. A prudent lender could conclude that your son's ability to repay loans is impaired by a wife with a criminal record and $250,000 of outstanding debt.
As a potential lender to this couple, you, too, should bear this in mind.
Finally, her criminal record could hurt his employment prospects. "In the Internet age, information is readily available -- and job background checks sometimes include spouses," Sabino points out.
Needless to say, none of this augurs well for their future happiness. But you'd be wise let your son reach that conclusion himself, hopefully sooner rather than later.
The more spirited your opposition to the marriage, the less effective it's likely to be.


Nel nostro assortimento di batterie e strumenti a percussione non poteva di certo mancare la grancassa. Le pelli per grancassa si suddividono in battenti e risonanti. Alcune pelli presentano un foro, e sono state dunque create appositamente per essere utilizzate come pelli risonanti; il foro serve infatti a diminuire la pressione esercitata sulla pelle battente, per ottenere un attacco più piacevole. Il foro permette inoltre di posizionare un microfono all'interno del vostro strumento.
Il tipo di pelle utilizzato avrà ovviamente un'influenza notevole sul suono prodotto dalla vostra grancassa; quelle più spesse produrranno un sustain maggiore, mentre le più fini daranno vita a un suono più cupo. Esistono inoltre pelli monostrato (single ply heads), che grazie al suono vivace e il sustain lungo sono ampiamente utilizzate, e pelli a doppio strato, più durevoli, con un suono più corposo e un attacco più chiaro. Le pelli rivestite garantiscono invece un suono dai toni più caldi.
Dopo averle scelte ed acquistate, si passerà all'accordatura delle pelli. Per la pelle battente si predilige un'accordatura grave, che si ottiene esercitando una tensione ridotta tramite i tiranti. Occorre procedere stringendo tiranti opposti, uniformando così la tensione sulla pelle. Potrete controllare se la tensione è uniforme percuotendo la pelle in prossimità di ogni tirante, e sentendo se il suono è lo stesso ovunque. Se la pelle risonante ha un'accordatura più grave rispetto a quella battente, otterrete un suono estremamente profondo. Se desiderate smorzare il suono della vostra grancassa, utilizzate sordine ad anello o pelli con sordina incorporata, oppure applicate una sordina adesiva dove la pelle viene percossa dal battente, per ottenere un attacco migliore.
The well-balanced Remo P3-1220-C1 Smooth White, from the popular Powerstroke 3 series, is a 20-inch drumhead that makes an excellent bass drum batter or reso head.
Aquarian's Super Kick II double-ply drumheads have a thickness of 14 mil. These clear drumheads are durable and give your bass drum a focused sound.
L'Evans BD22REMAD 22" EMAD Reso black è una pelle per grancassa a strato singolo (7,5 mil), dotata di sordina interna e foro per microfono.
The durable 20-inch Powerstroke 20 bass drumhead is made of a single ply of 0.254mm-thick transparent Mylar with a thin underlay near the outer edge. This allows for practically perfect balance and response.
La pelle trasparente per grancassa Powerstroke 3 da 22" è dotata di un singolo strato Mylar da 0,254 mm e rinforzata al bordo da un substrato sottilissimo che garantisce una risposta perfetta e un suono bilanciato.
This 24-inch Remo Pinstripe drumhead is ideal for all-round use. Thanks to its two plies of 0.178mm clear Mylar film, it offers a bright sound and great resonance. The Pinstripe ring helps to dampen any unwanted overtones.
Evans BD22EMAD2 EMAD pelle trasparente per grancassa 22"
Pelle trasparente per grancassa Evans BD22EMAD2 EMAD 2 da 22 pollici: a doppio strato (1x 6,5 mil + 1x 10 mil), completa di 2 bordi diversi per sordina esterna.
Remo's P3-1122-C2 Powerstroke 3 Coated is a 22-inch bass drumhead with special damper technology featuring a damping ring on the outer edge that keeps the higher overtones in check.
Il beat è senza dubbio una parte importante quando si fa musica, e la grancassa ne è la protagonista indiscussa. Questa robusta pelle Remo da 22" color bianco opaco garantisce un suono caldo e aperto.
Remo's Ambassador Smooth White drumheads have an open, warm sound, a bright attack and a relatively long sustain. This single-ply drumhead is 10 mil thick and suitable for bass drums with a diameter of 22 inches.
La pelle trasparente Remo Pinstripe da 22" è perfetta per tutti gli stili musicali col suo suono limpido e l'ottima risonanza. Il cerchio Pinstripe riduce gli ipertoni.
The 20-inch bass drum head from Remo's Colortone series in green is suitable as a batter head. The Powerstroke 3 drum heads are known for offering focused mids and lows with excellent attack.
The 20-inch bass drum head from Remo's Colortone series in blue is suitable as a batter head. The Powerstroke 3 drum heads are known for offering focused mids and lows with excellent attack.
Remo PA-1022-SP Graphic Speaker, pelle per grancassa 22"
The blue resonant bass drum head with 5-inch port hole from Remo's Colortone series is suitable for 20-inch bass drums. It offers a powerful attack with plenty of mid and low frequencies.
The green resonant bass drum head with 5-inch port hole from Remo's Colortone series is suitable for 20-inch bass drums. It offers a powerful attack with plenty of mid and low frequencies.
Thanks to Remo's Skyndeep Imaging Technology, the red colour in the 22-inch bass drum batter head won't fade away any time soon. It offers powerful mids and lows and a punchy attack.
Thanks to Remo's Skyndeep Imaging Technology, the blue colour in the 22-inch bass drum batter head won't fade away any time soon. It offers powerful mids and lows and a punchy attack.
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a unique Smoke-coloured hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a funky red hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a funky blue hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The yellow Remo 2-ply Powerstroke 3 Colortone resonant head for bass drum has a diameter of 26 inches and a 5-inch port hole. Remo's drum heads deliver a punchy attack and add plenty of lows and mids to your kit.
Remo Powerstroke 3 drum heads are known for delivering powerful mids and lows as well as a punchy attack. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, the yellow colour of this 26-inch drum head is both durable and unique!
The orange Remo 2-ply Powerstroke 3 Colortone resonant head for bass drum has a diameter of 26 inches and a 5-inch port hole. Remo's drum heads deliver a punchy attack and add plenty of lows and mids to your kit.
Remo Powerstroke 3 drum heads are known for delivering powerful mids and lows as well as a punchy attack. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, the orange colour of this 26-inch drum head is both durable and unique!
Remo Powerstroke 3 drum heads are known for delivering powerful mids and lows as well as a punchy attack. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, the green colour of this 26-inch drum head is both durable and unique!
The blue Remo 2-ply Powerstroke 3 Colortone resonant head for bass drum has a diameter of 26 inches and a 5-inch port hole. Remo's drum heads deliver a punchy attack and add plenty of lows and mids to your kit.
Are you in the market for a unique 24-inch batter head that delivers a punchy attack and plenty of mid and low frequencies? Then the green Powerstroke P3 Colortone bass drum head by Remo fits the bill!
The yellow P3-1324-CT-YEOH 2-ply resonant drum head from Remo's Powerstroke 3 Colortone series is 24 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole.
Are you in the market for a unique 24-inch batter head that delivers a punchy attack and plenty of mid and low frequencies? Then the yellow Powerstroke P3 Colortone bass drum head by Remo fits the bill!
Are you in the market for a unique 24-inch batter head that delivers a punchy attack and plenty of mid and low frequencies? Then the orange Powerstroke P3 Colortone bass drum head by Remo fits the bill!
The blue P3-1324-CT-BUOH 2-ply resonant drum head from Remo's Powerstroke 3 Colortone series is 24 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole.
Are you in the market for a unique 24-inch batter head that delivers a punchy attack and plenty of mid and low frequencies? Then the blue Powerstroke P3 Colortone bass drum head by Remo fits the bill!
Thanks to Remo's Skyndeep Imaging Technology, the yellow colour in the 22-inch bass drum batter head won't fade away any time soon. It offers powerful mids and lows and a punchy attack.
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a funky yellow hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass drum head is bright red and 18 inches in diameter. It's a clear batter head that boosts the mid and low frequencies and ensures a punchy sound.
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a funky orange hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The Remo Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass resonant head is 18 inches in diameter and has a 5-inch port hole. Thanks to Skyndeep Technology, it has a funky green hue and won't wear out any time soon!
The Powerstroke 3 Colortone bass drum head is bright green and 18 inches in diameter. It's a clear batter head that boosts the mid and low frequencies and ensures a punchy sound.
Remo P3-1022-00-FLT Powerstroke 3 Felt Tone pelle per grancassa 22"


This question prompts for explanation on a topic, an interpretation of this topic is given. A simplified question statement is also given at the end for those who do not wish to read.
In the Self Gene by Richard Dawkins, it was suggested that genes are the fundamental units of evolution.
They live in colonies consisting of sterile workers and reproductive queens.
Worker ants possess half of the genes from its queen and half its genes from the king, which is not living in the colony because it died after fertilizing the queen.
The queen produces male "drones"--potential kings for future colonies. Drones are genetically identical to the queen.
The following interaction is suggested: worker ants, being less related to the drones than they are to each other, will manipulate the colony to increase the number of workers and reduce the number of drones present. They may do this by eating some drones before they hatch.
The reason why the workers do this is explained and interpreted as such: The workers wish to produce more individuals that are more closely related to themselves; other workers are more closely related to a worker than a drone is to that worker; therefore, the worker prefers another worker over a drone.
The Selfish Gene suggest that genes are the fundamental units of evolution, therefore a successful gene must be able to displace its alleles by being better at propagating itself.
Suppose gene-A incentivizes workers' drone-eating behavior, this gene in the short term and within one colony can produce a larger number of its own copy, but all of these copies are inside sterile workers, none of which can propagate gene-A.
Gene-A is present in drones: If this is true, then by incentivizing the occasional drone-killing by the workers, gene-A has reduced the number of gene-A carrying drones, this is deleterious to gene-A. When workers of the new colony is born, gene-A reduces the number of possibly non-gene-A-carrier drones and decreases the fertility of the new colony in general.
Gene-A is present in female offspring: gene-A decreases the fertility of new queen, making her produce less gene-A carrying drones, this is again deleterious.
So far, gene-A has proven to be often deleterious to itself by restricting the number of reproductive individuals that may carry it. In terms of competition, gene-A may harm its alleles when the queen carries the allele and the king carries gene-A, but this will stop being beneficial when the number of gene-A and the number of its Alleles reach a 1:1 ratio, since after that point, the probability of harm is equal for both.
So, why is the drone-killing behavior still exhibited in animals such as ants?
Worker ants sometimes kill male ants in its colony because they are less related to the worker ants than the latter is to each other. Since worker ants can't reproduce, why do they bother about the number of close relatives who also cannot reproduce?
What is the Edward O. Wilson fuss about?


Q: What make-ups and creams should I use?
A: Try not to apply make-up for your flight - and as soon as you get in your seat, apply a moisturising cream. Two good ingredients in moisturisers are hyaluronic acid and glycerin; they don't irritate and they hydrate without making skin oily. Reapply the cream several times if you are on a long-haul flight.
Q: Is there a way to avoid arriving with red puffy eyes?
A: Don't eat in-flight peanuts, pretzels or crisps; No salt! And keep eye cream samples with you - you can even ask your flight attendant for a cup of ice to keep your eye cream chilled and right before you land, put cold eye cream under your eyes.
Look for eye cream with anti-inflammatory ingredients (like coffee berry, licorice, soy. The coldness of the cream will help with puffiness. If you forget to bring your eye cream (or accidentally checked it in) ask your flight attendant for green tea bags, and put them on ice... green tea is anti-inflammatory.
Q: Dirty skin is a huge issue during travel; is there a solution?
A: Air on planes is re-circulated from the engine! That's all the more reason you want to protect your skin and use a barrier, so remember to always use a moisturiser. Pre-moistened wipes or microdermabrasion wipes are also good.
Q: What else do you recommend for combating dry plane air?
A: Mist your face with mineral water. They sell those water spritzers; they are great! Some of them have high concentration of selenium - it helps keep moisture in your skin.
Q: How many products should we pack for the journey?
A: All you need is a cleanser, plus morning and night creams. In the morning, think about protecting the skin, so pick a moisturiser that does triple duty. Pick one that has SPF and also antioxidants to shield your skin from pollution, sun, smog, all those things we expose our skin to. And at night, think about repairing your skin.
Creams that have salicylic acid are good, especially if you have issues with breakouts or acne. If it's fine lines you are concerned about, then look for over-the-counter products with Retinol. It breaks down into Retin-A, which helps build collagen while you sleep.
Q: What if we are heading to the warmer climes and are worried about sun damage?
A: One of the best ingredients is niacin, one of the B vitamins. It helps reduce pigmentation and sun damage. The trick is to find products that do double duty, so you don't have to put three products on in the morning and then three at night. Think, protect in the morning - and repair at night.
My private changing cubicle was huge and there was plenty of space in the wardrobe-like lockers. But the piste de resistance had to be the powerful walk-in shower with its five jets – it was so big I had to take five steps to reach the shampoo and conditioner bottles – not that I was complaining!
A bowl of apples was also tastefully positioned by the door providing a healthy end to the day – as they say “an apple a day keeps the doctor away”.


Tangled: The Series, now called Rapunzel's 魔发奇缘 Adventure, premiered in March 2017 with the pilot movie, Tangled: Before Ever After (hopefully that sentence wasn't too confusing!). The film sees Rapunzel adjusting to life in Corona and introduces several concepts that the rest of the series will explore: Rapunzel's golden hair growing back, the growth of magical spiky rocks that can devastate Corona, foes with a thirst for revenge, Rapunzel and Eugene's marriage, and Rapunzel learning how to become a good queen.
At first, I was surprised that Tangled was getting a TV show. Even though I quite like the original movie, I didn't think there was any 更多 story to be told. I'm happy to say that I was wrong! But on the other hand, there's a lot of stuff in this 显示 that I'm not fond of. I've watched every episode to 日期 and my opinion of this 显示 has gone up and down. I actually think the best way to talk about this is to break this (spoiler-free!) review into three sections: the good, the bad, and the OK.
The Story: It's obvious that the writers have a clear plan for this 显示 because the overarching story is rock-solid. Recall my brief summary above. Throughout the show, Rapunzel is both investigating the magic behind her hair returning (along with the spiky rocks) and trying to be a responsible, attentive princess, since she will one 日 assume the throne. The first season especially explores these concepts, and with a thrilling last few episodes, the 显示 goes in a new direction for season 2. Rapunzel and the gang set off to explore new lands in 搜索 of 答案 to some pressing questions.
I think the pacing of 总体, 整体 events is practically perfect. The writers know how to kick things off (ex: the pilot movie), delve into mystery/lore and develop characters (season 1), and change things up while still focusing on the goals they established (season 2). This is the strongest aspect of the show.
The Sense of Community: It didn't occur to me until about 75% through season 1 that the 显示 is trying to make Corona feel like a real community. Most episodes spend at least a little time developing some of the 城堡 members, the townsfolk, 或者 other friends. It hit me when characters like Monty stayed relevant after their first appearance, and others like Strongbow and Hookfoot joined the main cast.
Season 1 focused on Corona, but even in season 2, as the gang explores new lands, 你 get a sense of the people in them. The best example of this is the episode "The Return of Quaid," where Rapunzel and 老友记 help the people of Vardaros regain their moxy 由 searching out their former sheriff and ~town hero. Following episodes aren't quite as focused on specific towns like this episode is, but the gang still meets new characters along the way.
Let's start with Rapunzel. While it makes sense for her to be naive (she DID live in a tower all her life), she's oblivious to what's going on around her to the point where it's annoying. In an early episode, "Challenge of the Brave," her friend and lady-in-waiting Cassandra (who we'll discuss soon) wants to enter the titular competition to prove she's 更多 than just a lady-in-waiting. When Rapunzel finds out, she wants to enter too for the fun of it. She doesn't recognize that Cassandra is a little uncomfortable with it, nor how much the competition means to her. It's even 更多 obvious in "Under Raps," when it looks like Cassandra met a guy she's interested in. Rapunzel doesn't mind her own business, 或者 just give some encouraging words and then leave. Instead, she constantly tries to "help" Cassandra with her date, even when she explicitly tells her that she doesn't want the help.
It's also annoying how over-the-top the 显示 can be in regards to Rapunzel. She avoids serious danger during the competition mentioned earlier 由 completing some of the stages via ballet moves and use of a guitar. And in another episode, "Rapunzel's Enemy," after failing to get on her newfound enemy's good side, she wears a disguise and uses a fake identity just to get the guy to like her! Thankfully, Rapunzel isn't this annoying all of the time, particularly at the end of season 1. She gets serious when she needs to.
Now for Eugene. He's probably my 最喜爱的 of the main cast, but his character hasn't been 给 great treatment, either. He's often treated like comic relief, especially at the start of season 1. However, he does get some good development. He tries to become a better person, now that he's no longer a thief ("Fitzherbert P.I."), earn the respect of King Fredric, Rapunzel's father ("In Like Flynn"), and put his wish to marry Rapunzel on hold until she's ready to settle down (pilot movie and "Beyond the Corona Walls"). It's just too bad that in a lot of episodes, he gets dissed 由 Cassandra 或者 things just don't work in his favor.
And at long last, Cassandra, Rapunzel's lady-in-waiting. Here's the biggest issue with her: she's already established as Rapunzel's friend in the pilot movie. The pilot movie takes place not long after the original movie, and Cass is already Rapunzel's best friend? We didn't get to see ANY of that! It's annoying that the 显示 considers her important when we had no idea who she was. But, now that it's been a full season, we know her better. Warning: I don't like Cassandra. She's the tough girl character that we've all seen before, but her sass, sarcasm, and sort-of rivalry with Eugene make her almost unwatchable for me. The latter is especially annoying and raises questions. If she doesn't like Eugene, why the heck is she Rapunzel's best friend? Why isn't Rapunzel bothered 由 this fact? And how did they become friends, again?
The Animation: Believe me when I say that I was open to the 动画片 and art style when it was shown in the show's first trailer. Flash has been used 更多 and 更多 in animated shows and shorts lately, and I've seen it put to great use, like in the Mickey 老鼠, 鼠标 shorts since 2013. The look of Tangled: The Series was a little off-putting at first because it's such a different look than the movie, but it looked fluid enough that it might be decent.
A 年 and a half later and I'm done pretending that it looks good. It doesn't. The 动画片 looks cheap and even though it's fluid, it looks very stiff at times. The art style is not my favorite, either. I heard someone say that it's based on Rapunzel's own art style in her paintings. I didn't realize that on my own. That's a cool idea, but it just doesn't translate too well here.
Other: My other complaints mostly come from early in season 1. The 显示 sometimes suffers from inconsistent logic and hanging plot threads. The first episode brilliantly demonstrates the latter. "What the Hair!?" (actual name) has Rapunzel meeting young scientist Varian to learn why her hair grew back. Things go awry and the immediate area gets partly destroyed 由 the lab experiments. Varian gets reprimanded 由 his father...and then we cut to Rapunzel and friends. The episode totally drops the ball on Varian! What did he do next? Did he help clean up? Are the people nearby okay? I guess that wasn't important! Also annoying is the lack of logic in this show. Rapunzel has to wear a huge poofy wig in the pilot movie to hide her hair, but in the 秒 episode, she can wear a small wig and that perfectly holds back her 50 feet of hair? Ridiculous.
The Music: There are a few original songs in the 显示 and even in the pilot movie, and they're not bad. Most of them feel pretty average to me because the lyrics and melodies aren't particularly memorable. However, there are a few noteworthy songs, mainly towards the end of season 1. I know I don't like Cassandra, but MAN can she sing!
The Lessons: For the most part, the 显示 succeeds at teaching morals that I don't think most shows address. For example, the episode mentioned earlier, "Rapunzel's Enemy", says that 你 don't have to like everyone, and not everyone has to like you. Going forward, Rapunzel and her enemy respectfully dislike each other. In situations where they have to interact, they're almost strictly business and don't let their rivalry get too much in the way. That's...kind of great! I like that the 显示 successfully delivers unconventional messages. Unfortunately, 你 have to sit through the characters doing some bogus stuff sometimes to get there, like Rapunzel pretending to be somebody else for the sake of winning someone over.
I feel most 迪士尼 Channel and 迪士尼 XD 动画片 are ideal for people ages 8 and up. Tangled: The Series feels like it was written for kids 5 and up. It definitely seems that attention is directed at the kids in the audience because of the whacky situations and childish antics of our characters...at times. At other times, they act mature and deal with intense situations. Thus, it's hard to tell who exactly to recommend this to.
I'd say that if you're remotely interested in learning about Rapunzel and Eugene's lives after the events of the first movie, ask yourself this: Are 你 patient enough to sit through the weaker parts? If so, then check this 显示 out. I'd recommend watching "Pascal's Story" as soon as possible; that's the episode that looks and feels most like the first movie. If 你 don't think 你 have the patience, it's probably a 显示 你 can skip. Although I'm glad that I've kept up with this series, it doesn't feel like something I have to watch, unlike other 动画片 that I enjoy.
To those who have watched the show, I'm curious to hear your thoughts on it. What do 你 think are the strong and weak points? Any and all 评论 are welcome.
Why 灰姑娘 is better than Beauty and the Beast?
Quiz: Can We Guess Your Age Based On Your 迪士尼 Personality?


1. Department of Supervision on Inspection of AQSIQ, in accordance with national quality supervision and sampling examination catalog, takes the responsibility of formulating program of Surveillance Sampling and assigning the supervision mission on some products that are with serious quality problems, endangering life and property safety, or on hot social issues like important production materials related to the national economy and people’s livelihood in certain period.
2. Quality Inspection Center undertaking the task of national quality supervision and sampling examination prepares sampling programs, takes part in the national quality supervision and sampling examination arranging conference, gets Letter of Attorney on National Quality Supervision and Sampling Examination, Notice on National Quality Supervision and Sampling Examination and Feedback of National Quality Supervision and Sampling Examination on request.
1. Quality inspection bodies organize sampling according to the approved sampling program and list of enterprises.
2. After arriving at the random inspected enterprise, the sampling personnel shall present Notice on National Quality Supervision and Sampling Examination, and carry out sampling and sealing samples according to sampling procedures, and have the enterprise principal(s) add a signature on the sampling document after finishing the sampling.
3. After the samples arrive at the inspection authorities, the quality inspection bodies first check the condition of the sealed samples and the sampling documents and then conduct the accepting formalities and organize inspection.
4. After the inspection, the quality inspection bodies shall judge the inspection results according to related regulations and issue inspection report. The inspection report shall be sent to the inspected enterprise by EMS immediately after being verified and approved.
5. The inspected enterprise, which dissents from the inspection results after receiving the inspection report, is entitled to raise written opinions in 15 days. The quality inspection center shall give a written response in 10 days after receiving the written opinion and make a copy and send it to the Department of Supervision on Inspection of AQSIQ.
After the sampling and inspection work has done, it is required to classify the sampling data, fill out the database of national supervision and sampling examination, to generate all kinds of summary table and statistics, to fill out the expenditure table and to report all the materials to the Department of Supervision on Inspection of AQSIQ.
The inspecting and examining authorities are responsible for reporting the data to the Department of Supervision on Inspection of AQSIQ. The Department of Supervision on Inspection shall collect, summarize and analyze the reported data from the quality inspection centers and generate notification on national quality supervision and sampling examination and classified products news release.
1. Announcements. AQSIQ is responsible for releasing the sampling examination results.
2. Distributing the data and notifications. It is required to distribute the sampling examination notifications and data to Bureaus of Quality and Technology Supervision in provinces and municipalities nationwide and urge the Provincial-level Quality and Technology Supervision to punish the enterprises producing unqualified products.
The Bureaus of Quality and Technology Supervision in various regions are responsible for organizing the treatment on the enterprises producing unqualified products and report the results of treatment to AQSIQ after 6 months. AQSIQ is responsible for releasing the results of treatment on the enterprises producing unqualified products.