Does the New DCEU Intro Confirm Green Lantern for Justice League?
Prior to its record-setting opening weekend, Wonder Woman debuted a new DC Movie intro - hinting Green Lantern could make an appearance in 2017's Justice League film. Wonder Woman, isn't just the solo movie debut of Gal Gadot's titular superhero - it also features the brand new intro for DC Films, which contains a plethora of characters that have yet to be seen on screen as a part of the DC Extended Universe. While the background is full of dozens of characters of varying degrees of visibility, seven of them get prominently featured up front - the seven founding members of the Justice League. Interestingly, only six of those first seven have been confirmed for the first Justice League movie: Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, The Flash, and Cyborg. The seventh, however, has yet to see a DCEU debut: Green Lantern - specifically, the Hal Jordan version.
It’s been known for some time that a Green Lantern Corps movie is in the works, so the presence of several Green Lanterns in the intro isn’t surprising - although it’d be surprising if anyone predicted Mogo the Living Planet to be featured in the new intro - but the focus on Green Lantern as one of the primary members does lend a little credence to a long-held popular theory that a Green Lantern will appear in Justice League.
While the intro is just an intro and could be nothing more than a nod to the comics, there are several clear similarities to the DCEU as we already know it. First is the inspiration behind most of the character appearances that - while animated - take clear direction from their live-action counterparts - particularly Wonder Woman, Aquaman, and Cyborg.
Second, the characters that are primarily featured are the same ones we already know will be in Justice League with Green Lantern bringing up the rear as the odd man out, while Martian Manhunter - who is also frequently depicted as a founding members in the comics - is off to the side, if he’s even in it at all. Until there’s an HD copy released, there will be quite a bit of speculation about which characters are featured outside the main seven and a handful of others.
If Green Lantern truly weren’t appearing in the DCEU until 2020 - or whenever Green Lantern Corps finally arrives in theaters - then one would expect Warner Bros. to not shine a light on him alongside the other Justice League characters, instead featuring him on the sidelines with the other Lanterns and Martian Manhunter.
The question is, what kind of appearance could Green Lantern truly get while remaining entirely a secret throughout all of Justice League's production? Batman’s Suicide Squad appearance was widely known before release because of set photos, for example, while The Flash’s presence was only rumored until release. The same goes for Flash, Cyborg, and Aquaman in Batman v Superman, all of whom were on screen for only a few seconds.
A Green Lantern appearance would almost certainly be only very brief (they're certainly not hiding a main character this well), possibly only arriving as a cliffhanger at the end to warn of a bigger threat, if not a post-credit scene - although Zack Snyder (and the DCEU aside from Suicide Squad) has shied away from using the latter.
There’s also a matter of casting. With the way news travels, the slightest hint of an actor playing Green Lantern in Justice League would be well known at this point, as evidenced by the hullabaloo surrounding Dan Amboyer before Batman v Superman, during which quite a few fans began to speculate that he was going to be the Emerald Guardian. In the end, Amoyer's character was cut entirely from the theatrical version, only appearing on screen for a split second in the Ultimate Cut. It’s incredibly difficult for actors to be involved in such a highly-anticipated movie, even in tiny parts, without that involvement becoming public knowledge.
Whoever is actually playing Hal Jordan would more than likely be someone of reasonable star power, meaning the persistent Armie Hammer teasing, by both Hammer himself and Henry Cavill, is more than just a tease. Dwayne Johnson’s recommendation for him as Shazam could also be a fake out.
Keeping a Green Lantern casting, not to mention a debut for the character in Justice League, would be next to impossible to keep secret. But with Dwayne Johnson teasing that his Black Adam could show up before most people expect, it’s entirely possible Warner Bros. could be putting effort into concealing a few major reveals. After all, Wonder Woman's marketing avoided showing Ares entirely before release, and Superman has also been absent from most Justice League marketing.
While that’s not a whole lot of hard information to go off of, it does show that Hal Jordan will be a major player in the DCEU and DC/WB aren’t averse to going to keeping major character reveals under wraps, and if Ares, Superman, and possibly Black Adam deserve that treatment, then so does Hal Jordan.


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Browse the top-ranked list of Cloud Laptops below along with associated reviews and opinions.
"My wife is happy...Great for my kid...Great for cloud use...After a week with this my advice is this: If you pickup a Chromebook thinking it'll just take the place of your laptop 1:1 you'll likely be disappointed, But if you're ready to accept and use a Chromebook for what it's, rather than fight against it for what it'sn't, then you're in for a treat"
"My wife loves it...Great two in one...Since everything on this laptop is cloud based, really boils down to how fast your connection is....I had written a long raving review about this laptop and while writing my review while using it it literally just froze on me and I was forced to exit and all of it was lost so that may be a good thing since I got to see a negative"
"Very easy to use...A pleasure to use...I would have been happy with the Cloud Blue all over, though the white lid and cloud blue deck is really nice....And if I am not mistaken it may have some sort of coating that helps it resist fingerprints to a certain extent, I really do like that it isn't a finger print magnet because I am very particular on that it truly bugs me when a fine crafted product is a finger print magnet and I am constantly having to wipe it clean"
"I would have been happy with the Cloud Blue all over, though the white lid and cloud blue deck is really nice."
"Loving it so far...No issues so far...Because of the improved Google/Android App Store and the ability to run applications in the cloud means I can do all the things I want with this computer in a secure environment....Here are my pros and cons; Pros: Fast processor Good Display Nice keys on the keyboard Decent trackpad Comes with a stylus Nice to use as a tablet Cons: Keyboard hinge isn't strong enough to hold it open at certain angles The display isn't as bright as the Pixelbook or Samsung Chromebooks The attached keyboard adds quite a bit of weight to the package The keyboard is navy blue and is a fingerprint magnet while the tablet is white (not sure why they cho"
"Because of the improved Google/Android App Store and the ability to run applications in the cloud means I can do all the things I want with this computer in a secure environment."
"It's easy to use...My wife loves it...Cloud computing is awesome!...Mainly I purchased it to access my school programs,was compatible to every extent.works great in mirroring with the chrome cast added at a reasonable price.id invest in the 4K after buying the basic one as I got a 4K apple t.v and that is crystal clear quality as well for mirroring.other than the pop up ad's,it's a 5 star computer in its all around flexibility and strong joints.i enjoy that it can be used as a tablet and laptop with a smooth transition"
"Fast easy to use...The audio is good...It prints great to our Google Cloud Print - capable Canon Pixma printer....My limited time doing this was a success, and it might be for some people, but it was a bit hard to handle as a tablet - it works great, the hinges are strong, it just isn't something I'm used to doing with a laptop"
"It prints great to our Google Cloud Print - capable Canon Pixma printer."
"Very happy so far...Slow, but it worked...I've loaded O365, used multiple cloud services and taxed the processor as much I could, let me tell you it handles everything you can throw at it and that's super nice!...The chromebook's longevity makes it a strong contender to completely replace the 8.4" tablet and laptop over a weekend and only requiring me to connect the charger at the end of a day"
"I've loaded O365, used multiple cloud services and taxed the processor as much I could, let me tell you it handles everything you can throw at it and that's super nice!"
"Great for my son...Very easy to use...Where's the Cloud???...Two small speakers on the bottom front sound like, well, two small speakers on the bottom front... Definitely enough sound to fill a small-to-medium sized room, but don't expect to get a ton of bass or depth - for everyday listening or something to listen to while working though, it's fine"
"I would buy again...She just loves it...I streamed movies and songs from my personal cloud library with no issues....If there some features I'd add, it would be an HDMI port and a back-lit keyboard to assist in low light usage (considering that a back-lit keyboard would reduce the battery life) The included carrying case is nice, has a special spot for the stylus so you don't lose it"
"I streamed movies and songs from my personal cloud library with no issues."
"This is a winner...Smooth pen on screen...It's great for assessing my Google & Microsoft cloud accounts....As a Google user for more than a decade, I was already comfortable with leaving everything in the cloud"
"It's great for assessing my Google & Microsoft cloud accounts."
Samsung Plus Convertible 2-in-1 Chromebook: Run Google applications for productivity and entertainment with this 12.2-inch Samsung Chromebook Plus hybrid laptop. Its 1920 x 1200 WUXGA touch screen display supports Full HD content, and its Intel Core m3 processor and 4GB of RAM let you accomplish daily computing tasks smoothly. Connect next-generation devices to the two USB-C ports of this 64GB Samsung Chromebook Plus hybrid laptop.
"It's nice & loud...Easy to start up...Problem was that Chromebooks are cloud based and if the program you're trying to use isn't directly compatible with Chrome, it's no good for you....Rather than using a older, slower laptop to stream and display a lesson on a large TV screen for our group (bible study), the Chromebook comes on instantly and doesn't need all those annoying Windows updates"
"Problem was that Chromebooks are cloud based and if the program you're trying to use isn't directly compatible with Chrome, it's no good for you."
"I love this Dell...But it works well...Microsoft Office was preloaded, and it connected to my license in the Microsoft Cloud....Being light weight and portable is important to me, I wanted something under 5 lbs for those times I had to run from gate to gate to catch a connecting flight, This laptop with its charging brick saved me almost a full pound in my bag, it's also much thinner allowing me to rearrange my bag to have my second external screen in the same padded part of my bag as the laptop, allowing me to also ditch a few ounces for the padded case the second screen was in"
"Microsoft Office was preloaded, and it connected to my license in the Microsoft Cloud."
"Love my Pixel Book...The pen works well...I bought the 256Gb version, but I think the 128Gb would have been plenty, as most Google apps are cloud based and Google Drive is included for storage....The only reason I don't give this laptop a 5 is because I can easily attach a portable dvd player to it"
"I bought the 256Gb version, but I think the 128Gb would have been plenty, as most Google apps are cloud based and Google Drive is included for storage."


Much of modern populist or talk-back Calvinism is rather superficial in the way it pulls disparate ideas together and tramples its way through the biblical texts. Many modern Calvinists play fast and loose with terms like ‘world’ and ‘all men’ as meaning some sort of abstraction. As if God either loves an abstraction, or to use Turretin’s language, as if God’s love terminates upon an abstraction. Or that God desires the salvation of “kinds or classes of men” in abstraction.
In some ways, it becomes a contest between Plato versus Aristotle, and Platonism versus Aristotelianism. The former supporting the use of abstracted kinds and races, the latter arguing or classes, proper, as collections of particulars.
For all their problems, classic limited atonement polemicists such as John Owen or Francis Turretin always distributed such terms as “world” and “all men” into their collective singular components, namely the elect. They understood that the category “class” does not exist as an abstraction, but as the total aggregation of the particulars within that class. Hence for Owen, John’s “world” denotes the elect of the world, and Paul’s “all men” phrases, likewise, refer to the elect of all kinds and classes of men, that is, some men (namely elect men) of all kinds.
The point of this essay is to address a specific exegetical methodology. No interpreter of the text of Scripture should end his exegesis with an abstraction. The interpreter, in these instances, must accept that in John’s use of “world” or Paul’s use of “all men,” the given writer either means “some men of all kinds,” i.e., “the elect of all kinds,” or “all men of all kinds.” Once this is understood, the proper point of engagement becomes: Which option best fits the biblical data? Of course I would argue that given the standard rules of hermeneutics, the latter is the best and most natural fit, while the former is strained, artificial and, more often than not, simply engages in the fallacy of petitio principii.
2It was Warfield’s empiricism that caused him to to interpret John’s kosmos as the eschatological world of the redeemed. He has to say that because of his empiricist presuppositions. It would have been better had he stayed with C. Hodge, Dabney and Shedd’s take on ‘world’ (all of whom were also empiricists).
3Turetin’s comment there is extremely important. “Individuals” for Calvin and for Turretin, refers not to singulars, simply considered, but to specific persons, to the exclusion of others. When Calvin, for example, speaks of “individuals” he addressing the idea of “this person, but not that person.” A lot of modern Calvin historiography (Paul Helm, Roger Nicole, Jonathan Rainbow, et al) fall into the trap of wrongly reading Calvin’s use of the word “individuals” as denoting “singulars” per se, and so attempt to read Calvin’s phrase, God desires the salvation of classes, not individuals” as affirming that God desires the salvation of an abstraction such as, ‘kinds of men’ or something like that.
4Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 4:409-410.
This entry was posted on Friday, August 15th, 2014 at 9:54 am	and is filed under Short Essays, Notes, and Comments. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.


What's the best prescribed action? Is it that which relies solely on long-standing, individually developed ideals, disregarding the current circumstances and possibly deluding oneself waiting for the results to align with the desired/assumed conclusion? Is it instead action which is executed in direct reaction to each new event and piece of new information, accepted one's current state as the truth and while risking instability, making full use of one's own capabilities in any given moment? Or is it simply to avoid situations where one's fundamental beliefs are called into question?
Predicitons can be accurate, when based on one of a few variations of human behavior (and there are only a few variations), but only for so far.


Yesterday I picked up where I left off reading Wesley's "Doctrine of Original Sin." In my reading I came across what I was looking for. Certain Wesleyan theologians claimed that Wesley's views concerning the extent to which God's image remains in Man following the Fall is the same as the Calvinist view. Calvinists, following Augustine's lead, claim that when the first humans fell, the image of God in which they were created was totally obliterated. The Wesleyans who voiced this opinion cited "Doctrine of Original Sin" as their evidence. (Although no passages from this work were cited.) This was not what I was taught at seminary. At seminary it was stated that Wesley maintained that there was still some of the image of God left in man, though greatly marred. Otherwise, how could Man respond to God's grace if there was no vestige of that image left? This view lined up with my own previous thinking and I have expressed such views in my preaching and teaching. So I began "Doctrine of Original Sin" to make sure that I was at least in agreement with Wesley, keeping an open mind that perhaps even Wesley was wrong on this point. Yesterday's reading demonstrates that at least I was taught correctly concerning Wesley's views.
"Objection 2. But do not the Scriptures say, Adam was created after God's own image? And do his posterity bear that image now?
"The Scriptures do say, 'God created man in his own image.' (Gen. i. 27) But whatever that phrase means here, it doubtless means the same in Gen. ix. 6: 'Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: For in the image of God made he man.' (Page 177.)"
"The words of Gen. v. 3, rendered literally , are, 'He begat in his likeness, according to his image.' 'Adam,' says Mr. Hervey, ' was created in the image of God.' After his fall, the sacred historian varies his style, and, with a remarkable peculiarity, as well as propriety, says, 'Adam begat a son in his own likeness;' --so it must be translated, according to all the rules of grammar, Adam being the nearest antecedent. That every reader may avert to this melancholy but important truth, it is enforced by a very emphatical repetition: 'After his own image,' as contradistinguished from that 'image of God,' mentioned in the preceding verse; which expressions are evidently intended to denote the difference between the state in which Adam was created and Seth begotten."
In this passage, Wesley states that while the Entire image of God in which Adam was created does not reside in fallen Man, fallen Man still retains a portion of that image, however marred that image in Man now is.
The exploration of this issue is no mere theological exercise. This issue figures in evangelism and in ministry. I will demonstrate this by posting notes from one of my earliest sermons, which presents content I have found useful in prison ministry. All this will appear on my main blog, http://www.therighthandoffellowship.blogspot.com/ .


Originally released on Vocalion 1099/1100 Currently available on CD: On the excellent Frog CD, "Johnny Dodds and Jimmy Blythe 1926-1928."
Available on Itunes? Yes, on a JSP disc, "All Star Jazz Quartets"
This weekend, I had two Louis Armstrong anniversaries to choose from to commemorate: on April 22, 1927, Louis recorded with Johnny Dodds's Black Bottom Stompers (Johnny and Baby Dodds, Earl Hines, Barney Bigard, etc.) and waxed some classic material: "Weary Blues," "New Orleans Stomp," "Wild Man Blues" and "Melancholy." But that's a fairly well known date that has been written about many times before. And three of the songs would be recorded by Louis's Hot Seven the following month and I plan on celebrating that series in just a few weeks (the fourth, "New Orleans Stomp," was already the subject of an old blog of mine).
So with that in mind, I've chosen another Vocalion date from the previous day that is much less known: Louis and Johnny Dodds recording as part of Jimmy Bertrand's Washboard Wizards. Louis finished 1926 with a flurry of recordings for OKeh in November in that month. But he didn't return to record for that label until May of the following year. Though we focus so much on Armstrong, it should be noted that clarinetist Johnny Dodds was quite a popular musician himself, often recording under his own name in 1926 and 1927. On April 21 and 22, the Vocalion label wanted to stock up on some Dodds recordings and Dodds graciously brought along Armstrong to spice things up a bit.
This wasn't the first time Louis snuck away to Vocalion. On May 28, 1926, he recorded two sessions for the label, one with Erskine Tate's Vendome Orchestra and one with the Hot Five, renamed "Lil's Hot Shots." On those recordings, he didn't hide who he was in the least; he even took a vocal on "Georgia Bo-Bo"! But as the famous story goes, Louis was called into OKeh's offices and played those recordings. When asked who was on the trumpet, Armstrong supposedly replied, "I don't know....but I won't do it again!" But a gig was a gig and Louis wasn't one to turn down any bread for a recording date. So he did the two Vocalion sessions in April but this time he didn't sing and more importantly, he kept some of his more identifiable, dramatic tendencies to a minimum.
Of course, he couldn't quite keep it all in on the Dodds Black Bottom Stompers date; the combination of Louis's playing, the repertoire and the caliber of sidemen has made that a classic date. But with Jimmy Bertrand's Washboard Wizards, Louis indeed scaled down the high notes and played in a consistently peppy, hot style that, while undoubtably him, might have fooled those not paying attention. So we all know Louis and we all know Johnny Dodds. Who was Jimmy Bertrand, the leader of the session? Bertrand was a Chicago percussion legend and a member of Erskine Tate's Vendome Orchestra, making his mark on the aforementioned Vocalion session of 1926. Bertrand was a master showman and stick juggler and is mostly known today for his mentoring of two other master showmen and stick jugglers, Lionel Hampton and Big Sid Catlett. Full drum kits were still mostly taboo at the time of this session (that would change by the end of the year) but washboard groups were in. Bertrand's washboard playing is incredibly rhythmic and swinging; he really boots these sessions along in fine fashion.
And the fourth man was pianist Jimmy Blythe, known mainly for his accompaniment to many blues singers of the period, but also as a fine blues-based man whose "Jimmy's Blues" provided the inspiration for "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie." The sound of the washboard sometimes obscures his efforts but if you listen, you'll hear some energetic two-fisted work (though we could dream about what the session what have sounded like with Earl Hines or Teddy Weatherford).
So I hope you've enjoyed listening to these fun, unheralded numbers from one of the most heralded times of Louis Armstrong's life. That's all for now but make sure to come back at the end of the week for some exciting announcements!
Always loved these sessions, and nice to hear about the circumstances behind 'em. Thanks as always, but this post will be even better when you've got the tunes embedded!
Muchas gracias RICKY por compartir las grabaciones y por toda la información.


The two major candidates for Alaska's governor have starkly different plans for the Alaska Permanent Fund and residents' annual dividends.
On one side: Republican Mike Dunleavy, a former state senator from Wasilla, says he wants to pay full dividends under the formula in state law that lawmakers have traditionally used. He also wants to pay Alaskans back for three years of dividends he says they're owed.
On the other: Democrat Mark Begich, a former U.S. senator and Anchorage mayor, says he supports a constitutional amendment to limit the Legislature's annual withdrawals from the fund. He wants to spend half of the money drawn on dividend checks and the other half on public education, including pre-kindergarten.
While the governor's race has recently transformed from a three-way campaign to a two-way fight, the issue of Alaska's oil-wealth checks has been a key topic for all of the candidates for months.
So how do Begich and Dunleavy want to calculate dividends? How would Alaska afford their proposals?
Here are the basics of the candidates' dividend plans and what state finance experts have to say about them.
To calculate the size of residents' dividend checks, Alaska lawmakers have long stuck to using a formula in state law that's tied to investment returns. At least up until recently.
Faced with a multibillion-dollar budget gap driven by low oil prices and dwindling oil production, Gov. Bill Walker vetoed a portion of the dividends in 2016. The Alaska Supreme Court later upheld the veto. State legislators ignored the dividend formula the next two years, capping dividends at $1,100 in 2017 and $1,600 in 2018.
The Legislature also passed a bill earlier this year that, for the first time, set up a framework to start paying for government services with some of the Permanent Fund's investment earnings. The bill caps the Legislature's annual withdrawals from the fund at 5.25 percent of its market value. The bill doesn't directly affect the size of dividends.
The Legislature decided this year to put $1.7 billion of the money drawn from the fund to plug the state's $2.5 billion budget deficit, and use the rest — $1 billion — for the $1,600 dividends.
Under the dividend calculation in state law, the checks would've been larger.
Begich said in a recent debate that he supports an annual draw from the Permanent Fund of 4 percent of its market value, describing that as "a better percentage over the long haul." But, he said, he doesn't want the Legislature debating the size of dividend checks each year.
"When you leave it in the hands of politicians, they will make decisions that are not necessarily always in the best interest of the community at large," he said.
Begich wants to put half of the money drawn from the fund each year toward dividends and the other half toward public education. He wants to inflation-proof the fund. He also said he wants his plan enshrined in the Alaska Constitution by a public vote.
"If you want to protect the dividend and protect education, that's the plan that I propose," he said.
Dunleavy wants to use the formula in state law that lawmakers have traditionally used to calculate dividends.
"I want to follow the law," Dunleavy said at a recent debate in Fairbanks.
Under that formula, Dunleavy estimated this year's checks would be nearly $3,000.
Dunleavy said the problem is not the dividend, but spending.
"The issue was never with the PFD," he said at a recent debate. "The PFD worked for years. It's spending. And I believe we have to cap our spending, especially our operating budget."
Dunleavy said in an email sent through his campaign spokesman that he supports inflation-proofing the Permanent Fund. He said no change should be made to the structure of the dividend without direct input from Alaskans, either in the form of an advisory vote or a constitutional amendment.
He also supports putting the dividend formula currently in state law in the Alaska Constitution.
"I believe the Permanent Fund belongs to the people of Alaska and support protecting the PFD in the Alaska Constitution where politicians can't touch it," he said.
To put an advisory vote on the ballot, Alaska legislators would have to pass a bill, with a simple majority, calling for one. The public can only provide advice in that vote and the Legislature can choose whether or not to follow that advice, according to the state's Manual of Legislative Drafting.
To amend the Alaska Constitution, both the state House and state Senate must approve the proposed amendment by a two-thirds vote, then the question would be put to voters during the next general election. If a majority of voters approve the amendment, it's adopted.
Begich said in an interview he would support putting the question to voters — about the 4 percent annual draw and splitting the payout between dividends and education — on a special election mail-in ballot in 2019, before the 2020 general election.
Asked if that was possible, Cori Mills, Alaska Department of Law spokeswoman, said in an email: "I don't have a definitive answer for you. That particular question is not one we have looked at or have case law on to my knowledge."
Dunleavy would pay Alaskans' dividends — including the money he says they're owed from recent years of lower PFDs — using the Permanent Fund's earnings reserve account, said campaign spokesman Daniel McDonald.
When the dividend was capped in 2016 and 2017, the money that didn't get put into the checks stayed in the earnings reserve. The account grew from about $6.2 billion in 2014 to about $18.9 billion four years later, according to the Alaska Permanent Fund Corp.
"The money is available," McDonald said. "It's just a matter of: What kind of budget do you want to have going forward? And I think, you look at Dunleavy, he wants, he's probably going to exercise the power of the veto a lot more, he wants to reduce the budget."
The Alaska Permanent Fund totaled nearly $65 billion on June 30, according to the Alaska Permanent Fund Corp.'s annual report. About $46 billion of that money was in the principal, an account that, under to the state Constitution, can be invested, but not spent.
The rest, about $18.9 billion, was in the earnings reserve account — $2.7 billion of that committed to 2018 dividends and government services, the report said. Legislators can vote to spend the money in the earnings reserve.
To retroactively pay the full dividend for the past three years, each eligible Alaskan would get an additional $3,360, according to estimates from the Legislative Finance Division. Dunleavy estimated the number is closer to $3,733.
Multiply the totals by 640,000 — the estimated number of people who got the PFD this year — and a retroactive payout could cost between roughly $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion.
Walker and Begich have both criticized and questioned Dunleavy's PFD plan.
"They're going to dwindle it down to pay off their campaign promises and the end result is, we all will pay this price in a decade to come," Begich said at a recent Anchorage debate.
About Begich's plan, Dunleavy said at the recent Fairbanks debate: "The proposal you put forth cuts the PFD. … This is an issue of trust."
Begich wants to put $14 billion from the earnings reserve into the principal of the Permanent Fund account so lawmakers can't spend it like they did in recent years with the once-massive state savings account, the Constitutional Budget Reserve, he said.
"I don't have a lot of faith they'll protect that sum of money," Begich said about the billions of dollars in the earnings reserve.
Begich's plan would result in a dividend that today would be estimated at more than $2,000 for each eligible Alaskan, according to his campaign website. He said at a recent debate that it would mean dividends of about $2,100 this year.
The plan would also free up funds previously used for education — as much as $1.3 billion this year, the campaign website says.
In the state's current operating budget, lawmakers allocated about $1.2 billion to public schools under the foundation formula — the per-student calculation amount that the state gives to school districts.
It's impossible to talk about the dividends without talking about a budget plan, said Ed King, economist and owner of King Economics Group based in Juneau.
"One way or another you have to balance the budget," he said.
The Permanent Fund earnings reserve grew in recent years. Meantime, the Legislature drained billions of dollars from the Constitutional Budget Reserve to cover budget deficits after oil prices crashed.
"We squeezed one end of the balloon and the air rushed to the other part," King said.
Having access to the billions of dollars in the earnings reserve account provides a "safety net" in times of a budget shortfall to pay for government services, but "that net also might encourage you to take more risk," King said.
"There is kind of a give and take," he said.
Larry Persily, a former Alaska Department of Revenue deputy commissioner, said the Legislature will have to tap into the Permanent Fund earnings reserve to pay for government services next year.
"I cannot conceive of any time in the foreseeable, plausible future where Alaskans will not need to use some portion of Permanent Fund earnings to pay for education, troopers and other public services that we have enjoyed tax-free for two generations," Persily said.
"I think it is a mathematical impossibility."
David Teal, director of the Legislative Finance Division, also said "there is virtually no way oil prices are going to be high enough to generate another $2.5 billion" for the next budget.
"You'd have to have oil prices in the $100 range to do that," he said.
Persily said the question becomes: How do you spend the earnings reserve between public services and dividends?
"You probably cannot afford to pay $3,000 dividends forever," he said. "So you're going to have to figure something out that is politically sellable to the public and to the Legislature."
Dunleavy's campaign refused repeated requests for an interview with the candidate about his Permanent Fund plan over several days this month. Dunleavy also didn't attend a recent Anchorage debate that focused on the candidates' plans for the fund and the dividend checks. McDonald said the candidate would answer questions by email.
In an email sent through McDonald, Dunleavy said he supports paying full dividends under the formula in state law and what remains in the earnings reserve "can be part of our budget solution only if we reduce our budget to a sustainable level and put limits on future spending growth."
Paying dividends this year under the formula in law would have cost about $900 million more, according to an August report from the Legislative Finance Division. Paying $2,100 dividends would have cost $300 million more, according to the division.
Dunleavy said at the recent Fairbanks debate that he would not support various types of taxes, including a sales tax, income tax and payroll tax. He does support cutting the budget. He said he would prioritize spending on public safety, education, transportation, and natural resources management. After that, "some of the other things will have to be up for negotiation," he said.
"During this year and then going into the summer, we're going to take this budget apart piece by piece," Dunleavy said.
Later at that Fairbanks debate, on the budget, Dunleavy said: "If there's a fast-rail study that comes up from the Legislature, I'm not going to allow that to get through and go into the earnings reserve to pay for that. If it's a climatologist, if it's any kind of crazy study, it's not going to happen."
At a debate at the Alaska Federation of Natives convention, Begich said he was not looking at additional cuts to state departments. The state budget "has come down to an incredibly low amount," he said.
"The question is: What are we going to do and how are we going to invest? How do we make the government more efficient?" he said.
At another recent debate, Begich said "there's no question" Alaska will need revenues.
"What that will be?" he said. "I wouldn't have any heartburn over if it's an income tax, sales tax, other corporate type of taxes — it's going to be a mixture. But the most important thing is, when you do this, you have to do it one time and be done because if you debate this every single year, you never get on with doing the big things that we need to do as a state."
At the Fairbanks debate, Begich said he would support an income tax and sales tax, adding that it "depends if it's seasonal."
With both candidates talking about going back to Alaskans for a vote, the dividend issue won't be close to over after Election Day, Persily said.
In 1999, there was an advisory vote on the ballot asking Alaskans if — after paying annual dividends and inflation-proofing the Permanent Fund — they supported using a portion of the fund's investment earnings to help balance the state budget. About 83 percent of voters said no.
"Speaking as a long-term cynic and skeptic, I do worry — not that the public doesn't have the right to vote — but I do worry about the public's ability today to vote in the best interest of tomorrow," Persily said.
He added: "But, come on, what else would we do in Alaska if we aren't fighting over the dividend?"
Reporter Annie Zak contributed to this story.


Manchester City and Sunderland are set to meet in the final of the Capital One Cup at Wembley on Sunday 2 March 2014.
Manchester City are odds on favourites to beat Sunderland at Wembley in the League Cup Final on Sunday 2 March 2014, but Sunderland have already defied the odds to knock out Chelsea and Manchester United and they beat Manchester City earlier this season. In this article, Steve Rogerson looks at both teams' routes to the final.
Sunderland will be hoping to continue their amazing giant-killing run when they face Manchester City in the Capital One Cup Final at Wembley on Sunday 2 March 2014. The Black Cats, despite poor league form, have already knocked out fellow Premiership sides Chelsea, Manchester United and Southampton and are now looking a much stronger side under recently appointed manager Gus Poyet.
In fact, Sunderland’s journey has seen them play their League Cup matches under three different managers this season. Paolo di Canio was in charge when they started their campaign in August. Then caretaker Kevin Ball saw them through the third round. And Poyet has been at the helm since.
They should though find life a lot tougher against a Manchester City side that has been scoring for fun this year in the Premiership and the League Cup. But Sunderland will know they have the capability to beat City, as they have done so once already this season when they won 1-0 at the Stadium of Light in a Premiership clash in November. The two teams also met over the summer in the final of the Barclays Asia Trophy in Hong Kong where City came out 1-0 winners in the heavy rain.
Manchester City’s European commitments meant they didn’t enter the tournament until the third round when they thrashed Championship side Wigan Athletic 5-0. This was seen as revenge for last year’s FA Cup Final between the two sides, which saw Wigan come out on top.
The fourth round on paper looked a tougher prospect with a trip to St James’ Park to face Newcastle United, and indeed City struggled for 90 minutes to break down United, forcing the game into extra time. But late goals from Alvaro Negredo and Edin Dzeko saw City through 2-0.
The quarter final was more comfortable with a 3-1 win away at Championship side Leicester City to set up a two-legged semi-final against Premiership strugglers West Ham United. This was all over bar the shouting after City stormed to a 6-0 lead at Eastlands, helped by a hat-trick from Negredo. They then added another three (including two more from Negredo) with no reply in the away leg at Upton Park.
Sunderland’s journey to Wembley started back in August with a 4-2 victory over MK Dons in the second round at the Stadium of Light, but it nearly all went wrong when they found themselves 2-0 down to the League One side. But four goals in the final 12 minutes saw the Black Cats through. The third round was more comfortable as they beat another League One side, Peterborough United, 2-0 at home.
The fourth round saw them take their first Premiership scalp when they beat Southamption 2-1, but they had to wait until the hour mark before Phil Bardsley broke the deadlock. Substitute Seb Larsson added a late second before the Saints pulled one back in injury time. This set up a quarter-final tie with Gus Poyet’s former club Chelsea. High-flying Chelsea had taken the lead early in the second half but there was then high drama with a last minute equaliser from Fabio Borini. This brought on extra time and it was all looking set for a penalty shoot-out until Ki Sung-Yueng grabbed the winner with two minutes left on the clock.
Not many gave Sunderland much hope in the two-legged semi-final against Manchester United, despite United struggling a little under new manager David Moyes. But they earned a narrow 2-1 lead after the home tie and went to Old Trafford determined to defend it. A goal by United’s Jonny Evans in the first half took the match to extra time and Sunderland were celebrating when Phil Bardsley looked to have scored the winner in the second period. But it was not to be as United scored a late equaliser. There then followed a farcical penalty shoot-out in which only three of the ten penalties hit the spot, but they went 2-1 in Sunderland’s favour to earn them a place in the final.
Not surprisingly, Manchester City are odds-on favourites to win this in ninety minutes with the best on offer being a miserly 1/3. Those who fancy a gamble on Sunderland winning though can get odds as high as 10/1 from some bookmakers. Most have gone for 4/1 or 5/1 for the draw.
The League Cup is open to teams in the top four divisions of English football. The trophy dates back to 1960-61 but was not always compulsory. When the prize for winning was increased to include a place in the Uefa Cup (now the Europa League) for the following season, interest grew among the top clubs. Since 1981, the rights to name the cup have been given to sponsors, and the first to take up that were the Milk Marketing Board and thus from 1981 to 1986 it was known as the Milk Cup (sadly not the Butter Cup). Since then, the trophy has been named after Littlewoods, Rumbelows, Coca-Cola, Worthington and Carling before the current sponsors named it the Capital One Cup last year.


WHY DO WE call them deadbeats, when they are very much alive - simply hiding from their responsibilities to their children?
In the wake of Star investigations into three deadbeat dads, this newspaper has been deluged with hundreds of calls and e-mails from parents detailing their nightmares.
Ordinary people, at their wits' end, begging for help.
And with 128,000 deadbeats in the province owing more than $1.2 billion in child and spousal support, that makes for a lot of heartache.
Their stories are painful: one parent struggling to make ends meet on welfare while the deadbeat dad lives in a mansion and drives a fancy sports car; a father who moved all his assets into his parents' names to keep them from his ex-wife and four children; the dud who doesn't pay his parking fines, let alone put 50 bucks in an envelope for the daughter he hasn't seen in at least six years.
Since The Star detailed these cases, all three men have been served with notices for default hearings by the Family Responsibility Office, whose job it is to enforce the support orders.
``If The Star can find these people, why can't the government?'' asks Renate Diorio, founder of the 500-member Families Against Deadbeats.
Take the case of Mark Suddick, who owes his ex-wife Harriett Levesque and daughter Valerie more than $103,000. The province had written him off and sent Harriett a letter saying that even a collection agency could not locate him or any of his assets.
The Star found him in Markham, where he had been working as a parts delivery man for more than a year. Suddick, who has made only one payment of $140 in the past eight years, has now made two in the past month - one for $154 and another for $124.
Esther Davids says she is at the end of her rope after pursuing her ex-husband Marvin through the courts for the past five years in an attempt to make him pay the $84,000 owed to her and their four children.
Marvin Davids was ordered in 1998 to pay child and spousal support of $5,500 a month. At the time of their divorce, the courts said, he was making about $168,000 a year. Marvin appealed, lost, then filed for bankruptcy. So far he has paid her a total of $550 since November.
The most poignant case is that of Blaine Tanner, who is living the good life in Cleveland while his former wife and three children make do on government assistance in Brampton.
But now that The Star has exposed his life of luxury, a judge has ordered him to pay $1,900 a month on an interim basis until the courts deal with the $500,000 he owes in arrears.
``The system is designed to protect the deadbeat,'' Esther Davids says.
Even the Privacy Act works against spouses who are owed money. While encouraged to provide all the information they can on their errant exes, they are not entitled to know what the province is doing to collect their money.
Attorney-General Jim Flaherty admits the system could work better. He wants to close the books on some 42,000 cases where payments are being made regularly. But critics say that's a shell game and not a solution.
The answer may lie in tougher enforcement and tax breaks. More suspension of passports and drivers' licences. Make the payments tax-deductible to encourage full compliance.
But first the government has to find them. And if it's unwilling to put in the time to track down deadbeats, as The Star did, it should turn that job over to the private sector.
Contents copyright © 1996-2000, The Toronto Star.


Up early, and bated at Petersfield, in the room which the King lay in lately at his being there.
Here very merry, and played us and our wives at bowls. Then we set forth again, and so to Portsmouth, seeming to me to be a very pleasant and strong place; and we lay at the Red Lyon, where Haselrigge and Scott and Walton did hold their councill, when they were here, against Lambert and the Committee of Safety.
Several officers of the Yard came to see us to-night, and merry we were, but troubled to have no better lodgings.
Well, the king is not here it seems... So he must be in Hyde park with the "gallant sparks".
is the use of this word in this context idiomatic or is it just me?
We read yesterday that Portsmouth was a fortified Garrison town for the Navy, with 4 drawbridges. Maybe "strong" here is used literally.
oh! these bunks? Here I am missing the Festivities?"...Several officers of the Yard came to see us to-night, and merry we were, but troubled to have no better lodgings..."
"Troubled to have no better lodgings"
Might this mean that the officers of the Yard were troubled that their visitors did not have lodgings more in accordance with their status? Or is Sam concerned that their poor lodgings reflects on their status and they ought to have chosen better? Who is trying to save face here?
According to an L&M footnote, the Red Lion was situated on the corner of High Street and Church Lane. One has the impression that Portsmouth was not a town given to gracious living. It was a very busy ship-building centre and a garrison town, with fortifications, walls, bastions and controlled gateways at which visitors were closely scrutinized on entry.
Pepys doesn't seem to feel personally piqued by the poor lodgings, this just sounds like a general grumble about lack of comfort/elegance. Perhaps the town had nothing better to offer.
"Having great financial resources, rich. In Anglo-Irish, spec. of a farmer.
"Here very merry, and played us and our wives at bowls. "
Bowls sounds here to be some kind of game. Does anyone here have an idea what that might be?
"played us and our wives at bowls"
Bowls is still played extensively in Britain. There are two varieties - flat green bowling and crown green (and never the twain shall meet).
In fact, it's a sport inclused in the Commonwealth Games.
"Bowls", Old game with lots of variants from the mid-east to Britain. One version, (pronounced bouls; as in bough of a tree) is palyed on closed long sections of (narrow) public roads in the south of Ireland. Distance and accuracy are paramount here and it's quite spectacular to see.
Isn't this related to the Italian bocce and boccia, to the French boule and petanque - and to present-day bowling? These variants have ancient roots. Many societies have such games.
one clikk 'tis better than mouseing, deleting and pasteing, I'm so lazy.
Another event Sam missed by going to Portsmouth. John Evelyn did write "...3 May : I went to see the wonderfull Engine for weaving silk- stockings, said to have ben the Invention of an Oxford Scholler 40 yeares since: return'd by Fromantel the famous Clock maker to see some Pendules: Monsieur Zulichum being with us: This evening I was with my L: Brouncker, Sir Rob: Morray, Sir Pa: Neill, Monsieur de [ Zulicum] ( & Mr Ball ( all of them of our Society, & excellent Mathematicians) to shew his Majestie( who was also present) Saturns Ansatus as some thought, but as Zulicum affirm'd with his Balteus (as that learned Gent: had published), very neere eclipsed by the Moone, neere the Mons Porphyritis: Also Jupiter & Satelites through the greate Telescope of his Majesties, drawing 35 foote: on which were dives discourses: "
Thanks for digging this up, Vincent.
(Heer van Zuilichem) who is credited with the invention of the pendulum clock.
It als shows Huygens probably conversed in French with his learned collegues, another reason it is regrettable Pepys (with his good command of the language) never met him. At least as far as we know.
re: the astronomer; Evelyn notes as M. Zulecum dined with Evelyn, "...Aprill 1 I din'd with the greate Mathematia[n] & virtuoso Monsieur Zulecum, Inventor of the Pendule Clock and the Phaenomenon of Saturns anulus; he was also elected into our Society:..." He [M. Z.] was only mentioned on those two dates, one would have to see the minutes of meetings to see when the paths of S.M.& M.Z crossed. in his Evelyn in his diary, does not speak or write of SP until Elzabeths death (14 nov 69).
Huygens was elected FRS at a Council meeting 22 June 1663.
Last in London at that time, he was a frequent correspondent from Paris thereafter. Pepys was not yet a regular.
"Up early, and bated at Petersfield" On this trip to Portsmouth, Sam "bated" yesterday also.
"where Haselrigge and Scott and Walton did hold their councill, when they were here, against Lambert and the Committee of Safety"
In December 1659, Hazelrigge was commanding at Portsmouth, where he and other officers declared for a free parliament, in opposition to the schemes of Fleetwood and Lambert.
---Political Ballads. T. Wright, 1841.
"bated at Petersfield, in the room which the King lay in lately at his being there."
"we lay at the Red Lyon, where Haselrigge and Scott and Walton did hold their councill, when they were here, against Lambert and the Committee of Safety."


Gennady Golovkin: Next fight his toughest yet?
Although it's not official, reports from both camps have been positive that an October 18th showdown between Super WBA Middleweight Champion Gennady Golovkin (30-0, 27 KOs) and interim WBC title holder Marco Antonio Rubio (59-6-1, 51 KOs) will more than likely be broadcast on HBO and staged at a location yet to be determined.
After a lackluster co-main event in a WBC heavyweight eliminator between Mike Perez and Bryant Jennings, the atmosphere in The Garden charged.
In his first featured event in the big room at Madison Square Garden, boxing’s own “Good Boy”, WBA/IBO Middleweight Champion Gennady Golovkin (30-0, 27 KOs) flattened the customarily durable former IBF/WBA title holder, Daniel Geale (30-3, 16 KOs), in three action filled rounds.
Gennady Golovkin: Is 'GGG' a top 5 pound-for-pound fighter?
WBA middleweight champion Gennady 'GGG' Golovkin (30-0, 27 KOs) orchestrated an impressive third round knockout of former world champion Daniel Geale (30-3, 16 KOs) Saturday night at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
Saturday Night Genneady Golovkin scored possibly the most impressive career as he knockout Daniel Geale (30-3, KOs) in the third round in front of 8,572 fans at Madison Square Garden. It was Golovkin’s 17th consecutive stoppage win and he became the first man to knockout Geale.
Tonight, when WBA middleweight champion Gennady Golovkin,perhaps the most avoided middleweight in the world, faces Daniel Geale on HBO it will not be first time they will have exchanged blows in the ring.
It's often unfairly stated in sports and in life that good guys finish last.
Tonight, Gennady Golovkin (29-0, 26 KOs) will defend his WBA and IBO middleweight titles against Daniel Geale (30-2, 16 KOs) of Australia at Madison Square Garden.
Gennady “GGG” Golovkin (29-0, 26KOs) returns to the ring on July 26th to defend his WBA and IBO Middleweight titles against Daniel Geale (30-2 16KOs) at the world’s most famous arena Madison Square Garden.
Gennady Golovkin vs. Julio Cesar Chavez Jr: "Julio's weight on fight night isn't a big issue"
While much has been made about the big million dollar provision negotiated between K2 Promotions and Top Rank, Inc, if either fighter fails to make the Super Middleweight limit on the day of the weigh-in, nothing has been mentioned about a weight ceiling on the day of the fight.
Julio Cesar Chavez Jr vs Gennady Golovkin already being discussed?
If Julio Cesar Chavez Jr defeats Bryan Vera, there's speculation WBA Middleweight Champion Gennady Golovkin could be next for the Mexican.
Lineal super middleweight champion Andre Ward (27-0, 14 KO) has praise for potential future opponent WBA Middleweight Champion Gennady Golovkin (29-0, 26 KO) but lashed out at GGG's handlers.
Despite the fact that he’s 29-0 with 26 KOs, his abilities are still questioned.
Sergio Martinez believes Gennady Golovkin is ripe for the taking?
A forgotten star of sorts due to injuries the last two years, WBC Middleweight Champion Sergio Martinez (51-2-2, 28 KO) insists Gennady Golovkin (38-4, 31KO) is on his radar.
Gennady Golovkin vs Erislandy Lara on tap?
Will two of the most avoided fighters in the sport go head-to-head?
Gennady Golovkin vs Andre Ward: One is ready, one isn't?
WBA Middleweight title-holder Gennady Golovkin may be the most destructive fighter in boxing.
Is Julio Cesar Chavez (47-1-1, 32 KOs), minus Floyd Mayweather and Miguel Cotto, the most sought after opponent in boxing?
Gennady Golovkin vs James Kirkland on tap for April?
Promoter Gary Shaw was unsuccessful in matching his middleweight, Daniel Geale, with surging WBA/IBO champion Gennady Golovkin because HBO apparently has other ideas.
Gennady Golovkin (28-0-0 25 KOs) will make his 2014 debut against Osumanu Adama (22-3-0 16 KOs) on February 1st in Monte Carlo, Monaco.
Two years ago, fans demanded to see then WBC Middleweight Champion Julio Cesar Chavez Jr defend his title against RING/Lineal Champion Sergio 'Maravilla' Martinez, who held the WBC strap previously before being forced to relinquish it.
Gennady Golovkin (28-0, 25 KO's) defeated another opponent Saturday night and it ended the same way his previous 14 bouts did.
"The people know who is who" - Gennady Golovkin.
Tonight, HBO will showcase two heavy-hitting middleweights who can end a fight with a single punch; Gennady Golovkin (27-0, 24 KO's) versus Curtis Stevens (25-3, 18 KO's).
Gennady Golovkin: Is KO artist a victim of his own success?
There's a well-known saying in the entertainment business: "once a star, always a threat."
On Saturday November 2nd, from "The Theater at Madison Square Garden" in New York City, two unstoppable forces will collide for the WBA Middleweight Championship when Gennady "Triple G" Golovkin (27-0, 24 KOs) steps in the ring with Curtis "Showtime" Stevens (25-3, 18 KOs).


In FCKeditor I'm having this problem only in Opera.
4825.patch (572 bytes) - added by Minh Nguyen 9 years ago.
4825_2.patch (947 bytes) - added by Minh Nguyen 9 years ago.
4825_3.patch (509 bytes) - added by Minh Nguyen 9 years ago.
With the first right click we will show context menu, then second right click the mouse active on context menu (just show) not on editor. This is reason the default context menu show when we have twice right click. My approach only moves context menu a bit far from mouse's position.
It's a nice approach (actually also used in IE and FF), while the offset must be menu orientation sensitive, e.g. when menu is layout toward north (when opened at the bottom of the window), the justification must be applied as negative value.
Considering that the menu is opened inside our stuff, aren't we able to block the context menu event instead of proposing a hack-like approach?
planted], we should make it works instead of repeating in another places.
This line code using for prevent in content of context menu, while we need prevent the root block of context menu.


The High Court has rejected the constitutional challenge to the validity of the “1%” cap on licence fees payable by broadcasters to the record companies on very narrow and specific grounds.
Section 109 of the Copyright Act 1968 provides a compulsory licence for the broadcasting to the public of sound recordings. Section 152, however, caps the royalty payable to record companies by broadcasters at 1% of the gross earnings of the broadcaster.
No such limitation had applied to the “corresponding” copyright in sound recordings under the 1911 Act.
The 1911 Act was repealed when the 1968 Act came into force on 1 July 1969. Section 220 of the 1968 Act provided that sound recordings in which copyright subsisted immediately before 1 July 1969 qualified for copyright under the 1969 Act effectively as provided for under the 1968 Act.
The record companies argued that the imposition of the 1% cap was an acquisition of their property in sound recordings made before July 1969 otherwise than on just terms in contravention of s 51(xxxi) of the Constitution.
The High Court has unanimously rejected that claim.
 The assumption by the plaintiffs is that the copyright presently enjoyed in respect of the pre?1969 recordings, and which will expire in accordance with the extended term fixed by the operation of the Free Trade Act upon the 1968 Act, is that which arose under the 1911 Act and was carried forward by the 1968 Act, but with the impermissible imposition upon those copyrights of the “cap” in the compulsory licensing system introduced by the 1968 Act. The Commonwealth denies that assumption. The Commonwealth submission, which should be accepted, is that upon the proper construction of the 1968 Act: (a) copyrights subsisting in Australia on 1 May 1969 under the Imperial system were terminated; (b) thereafter, no copyright subsisted otherwise than by virtue of the 1968 Act; and (c) to that copyright in respect of sound recordings there attached immediately the compulsory licensing system including the “cap” upon the royalties payable thereunder.
 It should be emphasised that the plaintiffs do not assert that the 1968 Act is invalid by reason of its bringing to an end the operation in Australia of the Imperial system without the provision of just terms. To do so successfully would be to leave them with such rights in respect of the pre?1969 recordings as they had under the 1911 Act and the 1912 Act, and without any copyrights subsisting under the 1968 Act. Rather, the plaintiffs seek to attack the validity of the attachment to their rights under the 1968 Act of one aspect of the compulsory licensing system for sound recordings. For the reasons which follow, that attack must fail.
In short, the 1968 Act did not preserve the second to sixth plaintiffs’ rights under the 1911 Act and the 1912 Act. It abolished those rights. It substituted for them distinct and fresh rights – some more advantageous to those plaintiffs, some less. Thus ss 109 and 152 did not cause any property to be acquired. Property may have been extinguished by other provisions, but the plaintiffs’ case was not concerned with them.
After considering the application of s 51(xxxi) of the Constitution to statutory intellectual property rights generally, Crennan and Kiefel JJ reached the same conclusion at , pointing out at  that the record companies could not accept s 220 of the Copyright Act as valid and at the same time contend that ss 109 and 152 were invalid.
 When ss 8, 31, 85, 89(1), 207 and 220(1) of the 1968 Act are read together, it is clear that the copyright of the relevant plaintiffs under the 1911 Act, which included the exclusive right to perform the record in public, is not continued under the 1968 Act; rather it is replaced. Whilst it is true that, as the plaintiffs submit, certain records in which copyright subsisted under the 1911 Act are brought within the scheme of the 1968 Act, that is achieved by the re enactment, in substance, of qualifying provisions in the 1911 Act in, and for the purposes of, the 1968 Act. The effect is that the plaintiffs’ entitlement to sue for infringements under s 101 of the 1968 Act in respect of sound recordings in which copyright subsists pursuant to s 89(1) is an entitlement to sue in respect of infringements of the copyright in sound recordings contained in s 85, which replaces the copyright in records under s 19(1) of the 1911 Act. Inasmuch as ss 109 and 152 operate to qualify a record manufacturer’s exclusive rights by providing an exception to infringement, it is the exclusive rights under s 85 which are affected, not the exclusive rights under the 1911 Act (which have been replaced).
 Whilst the plaintiffs mount no attack on the validity of provisions of the 1968 Act which effect the replacement of the relevant plaintiffs’ copyright under the 1911 Act with a copyright under the 1968 Act, their attack on the validity of ss 109 and 152, which depends on the continuing subsistence of copyright under s 19(1) of the 1911 Act, is untenable. If the plaintiffs were to attack the validity of the provisions of the 1968 Act which effect the replacement of copyright under s 19(1) of the 1911 Act with a differently constituted copyright under s 85 of the 1968 Act, they would risk being left not only with the awkwardly expressed copyright under s 19(1) of the 1911 Act in respect of records, but also with a copyright, the term of which was limited to 50, rather than 70, years.
Now the High Court have reminded themselves of all these matters, they will be primed for the tobacco companies challenge to the validity of the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011, the hearings for which start in April.
(6) For the purposes of this Act, a communication other than a broadcast is taken to have been made by the person responsible for determining the content of the communication.
(b) receiving the electronic transmission of which the communication consists.
Example: A person is not responsible for determining the content of the communication to the person of a web page merely because the person clicks on a link to gain access to the page.
It’s a good point, but I’m not sure at first impression why that doesn’t make the subscriber the maker.
40. The new s.22(6) provides that a communication other than a broadcast is taken to have been made by the person responsible for the content of the communication. This provision relies on the extended definition of communicate in Item 6. The provision has the effect that communications carriers and Internet Service Providers will not be directly liable for communicating material to the public via their networks if they are not responsible for determining the content of that material.
Meanwhile in the comments “Copyright Fanatic” asks why Optus TV Now is any different to using your TIVO at home? That (if the media reports are to be believed) is the $153 million question: is using someone else’s servers in some other point in cadastral space different to using your own equipment in the privacy of your own home?


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Neurochip based on Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor(LAPS), whose sensing elements are excitable cells, can monitor electrophysiological properties of cultured neuron networks with cellular signals well analyzed. Here we are highlighting a kind of neurochip with rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells hybrid with LAPS and a method of de-noising signals based on wavelet transform. Cells were cultured on LAPS for several days to form networks, and we then used LAPS system to detect the extracellular potentials with signals de-noised according to decomposition in the time-frequency space. The signal was decomposed into various scales, and coefficients were processed based on the properties of each layer. At last, signal was reconstructed based on the new coefficients. The results show that after de-noising, baseline drift is removed and signal-to-noise ratio is increased. It suggests that the neurochip of PC12 cells coupled to LAPS is stable and suitable for long-term and non-invasive measurement of cell electrophysiological properties with wavelet transform, taking advantage of its time-frequency localization analysis to reduce noise.
Until recently, neurobiologists have used computers for simulation, data collection, and data analysis, but not to interact directly with nerve tissue in live, behaving animals. Although digital computers and nerve tissue both use voltage waveforms to transmit and process information, engineers and neurobiologists have yet to cohesively link the electronic signalling of digital computers with the electronic signalling of nerve tissue in freely behaving animals.
Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), CMOS electronics, and embedded computer systems will finally let us link computer circuitry to neural cells in live animals and, in particular, to re-identifiable cells with specific, known neural functions. The key components of such a brain-computer system include neural probes, analog electronics, and a miniature microcomputer. Researchers developing neural probes such as sub- micron MEMS probes, microclamps, microprobe arrays, and similar structures can now penetrate and make electrical contact with nerve cells with out causing significant or long-term damage to probes or cells.
Researchers developing analog electronics such as low-power amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters can now integrate these devices with micro- controllers on a single low-power CMOS die. Further, researchers developing embedded computer systems can now incorporate all the core circuitry of a modern computer on a single silicon chip that can run on miniscule power from a tiny watch battery. In short, engineers have all the pieces they need to build truly autonomous implantable computer systems.
Until now, high signal-to-noise recording as well as digital processing of real-time neuronal signals has been possible only in constrained laboratory experiments. By combining MEMS probes with analog electronics and modern CMOS computing into self-contained, implantable microsystems, implantable computers will free neuroscientists from the lab bench.
Neurons and neuronal networks decide, remember, modulate, and control an animals every sensation, thought, movement, and act. The intimate details of this network, including the dynamic properties of individual neurons and neuron populations, give a nervous system the power to control a wide array of behavioural functions.
The goal of understanding these details motivates many workers in modern neurobiology. To make significant progress, these neurobiologists need methods for recording the activity of single neurons or neuron assemblies, for long timescales, at high fidelity, in animals that can interact freely with their sensory world and express normal behavioral responses.
Neurobiologists examine the activities of brain cells tied to sensory inputs, integrative processes, and motor outputs to understand the neural basis of animal behavior and intelligence. They also probe the components of neuronal control circuitry to understand the plasticity and dynamics of control. They want to know more about neuronal dynamics and networks, about synaptic interactions between neurons, and about the inextricable links between environmental stimuli and neuronal signalling, behavior, and control.
Extracellular wires or micro machined probes for interrogating multisite patterns of extra- cellular neural signalling or electrical activity in muscles.
Neurobiologists use amplifiers and signal generators to stimulate and record to and from neurons through these electrodes, and signal-processing systems to analyse the results. They have used these techniques for decades to accumulate a wealth of understanding about the nervous system. Unfortunately, to date, most of these experiments have been performed on slices of brain tissue or on restrained and immobilized animals, primarily because the electronic instruments required to run the experiments occupy the better part of a lab bench.
This situation leaves neurobiologists with a nagging question: Are they measuring the animals nor mal brain signals or something far different? Further, neurobiologists want to understand how animal brains respond and react to environmental stimuli. The only way to truly answer these questions is to measure a brains neural signalling while the animal roams freely in its natural environment.
The solution to these problems lies in making the test equipment so small that a scientist can implant it into or onto the animal, using materials and implantation techniques that hurt neither computer nor animal. Recent developments in MEMS, semi-conductor electronics, embedded systems, bio compatible materials, and electronic packaging finally allow neuroscientists and engineers to begin packaging entire neurobiology experiments into hardware and firmware that occupy less space than a human fingernail.
Researchers call these bioembedded systems neurochips. Scientists from the University of Washing-ton, Caltech, and Case Western Reserve University have teamed to build these miniaturized implantable experimental setups to explore the neural basis of behavior.
software to study and interpret the experimental results, eventually leading to reverse- engineered studies of animal behavior.
As the Neuroscience Application Examples sidebar shows, the first neurochip experiments use sea slugs and moths in artificial environments, but broad interest has already arisen for using implantable computers in many other animals.
Like their bench top experimental counterparts, neurochips use amplifiers to boost low-voltage biological signals, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to digitize these signals, microcomputers to process the signals, on-board memory to store the signals, digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to stimulate nerves, and software to control the overall experiment.
Figure 1 shows a neurochips basic elements. The key requirements are that the neurochip be small and lightweight enough to fit inside or onto the animal, have adequate signal fidelity for interacting with the millivolt-level signals characteristic of nerve tissue, and have sufficient processing power to perform experiments of real scientific value.
The basic components of a neurochip are commercially available today. They include instrumentation amplifiers, ADCs/DACs, reconfigurable microcomputers, and high-density memory. For example, a Programmable System-on-a-Chip from Cypress Microsystems integrates a microprocessor, variable-gain amplifiers, an ADC, a memory controller, and a DAC into a single integrated circuit.
First-generation neurochips integrate one or more ICs, passive elements such as capacitors, batteries, and 110 pads on small micro-PCBs.
Building the probes that let a neurochip eaves drop on the electrical signaling in a nerve bundle, group of neurons, or single neuron presents a daunting task. Benchtop experiments on con strained animals typically use metallic needles often made of stainless steel or tungstento communicate with nerve bundles, micromachined silicon probes to record from groups of neurons, or glass capillaries filled with a conductive ionic solution to penetrate and record from the inside of individual neurons. In unconstrained animals, flexible metallic needles, attached to the animal with surgical superglue, and micromachined silicon probes still work. However, replicating the performance of glass capillaries in flying, swimming, wiggling animals is a different story entirely.
Several centimeters long and quite fragile, the glass capillaries that neurobiologists use to probe the insides of nerve cells typically have tip diameters smaller than 0.3 microns. They impale neurons even more fragile than the probes themselves.Neuro biologists use micromanipulators to painstakingly and precisely drive single probes into single neurons. Fortunately, MEMS technology offers a possible alternative to these glass capillaries.
Researchers seek to implant both probes and neurochips inside an animals brain. Unfortunately, an animals immune system rapidly and indiscriminately encapsulates all foreign bodies with proteins, without regard for the research value of implanted probes and neurochips. The adsorbed proteins not only attenuate the recorded electrical signals, but can also jeopardize the animals survival by causing abnormal tissue growth.
Researchers at the University of Washingtons Center for Engineered Biomaterials have developed plasma-deposited ether-terminated oligoethylene glycol coatings that inhibit protein fouling. Preliminary research indicates that these glyme coatings can reduce the protein fouling of probes and neurochips to levels acceptable for week-long experiments.
Neurochips can derive power from on-board batteries, external radiofrequency sources, a wire tether, or the nerve tissue itself, The ultimate decision on the power source depends on the nature of the experiments and the animals environment. Batteries are attractive because they avoid the antennas and charge pumps required to capture RF energy, operate in all environments, do not restrict the animals movement the way a tether does, and provide much more power than tapping nerve cells for energy.
Batteries have a weight disadvantage, but thin- film technologies using LiCoO2/LiPON/Li and Ni/KOHIZn promise flexible rechargeable batteries with peak current densities greater than 12 mA per square centimeter for short-duration experiments, and lifetimes measured in days or longer at low-current densities.
Batteries are ideal for the two sample preparations shown in the Neuroscience Application Examples sidebar. The typical hawkmoth flight time is less than 60 seconds. The 12 mA provided by a 200 mg, one-square-centimeter battery easily powers a neurochip for this experiments duration. The sea slug trolling methodically along the seafloor lies at the opposite end of the spectrum, needing only a few milliamps of current to power a neurochip for a week. The slug can easily accommodate a large battery in its visceral cavity, allowing extended untethered experiments.
Once implanted, an embedded neurochip must read its experimental procedure from memory, run the experiment, acquire the neural spike trains, then store the results in memory. As with all computer systems, memory size is an issue for neurochips. Fortunately, the electrical spike trains generated by nerve tissue have a stereotyped shape, suggesting that neurochips should com press the neural waveforms before storing them in memory.
Compressing the signals has two advantages. First, it effectively increases the on-board storage capacity. Second, it decreases the frequency of memory writes, reducing power consumption. Even simple compression algorithms such as run- length encoding can achieve better than 10 to 1 compression ratios on neural signals.
Custom algorithms that apply vector quantization, run-length encoding, and Huffman encoding to different parts of the neural waveform can achieve up to 1,000 to 1 compression ratios. Given the limited computing power of an implantable microcomputer, simpler is better when it comes to compression, but even simple RLE offers huge power and memory-size benefits.
Passive neurochips that do nothing more than record will provide neurobiologists with a wealth of data. But even now, with the first neurochips barely in production, neurobiologists are already calling for designs that stimulate nerve tissue as well as record from it. Active neurochips will allow stimulus-response experiments that test models of how nervous systems control behavior, such as how sensory inputs inform motor-circuit loops and the logic or model behind the response.
Indeed, the neurochip projects long-term goal is to develop a hardware and software environment in which a neurobiologist conceives a stimulus-response experiment, encodes that experiment in software, downloads the experiment to an implanted neurochip, and recovers the data when the experiment concludes.
With advances in integrated circuit processing we can expect ever more capable and power-efficient embedded computers. The simple neurochips of today will become the complex embedded systems of tomorrow, when embedding in this ultimate sense will mean computer electronics embedded in nerve tissue.
Enabling neuroscientists to better understand the neural basis of behavior is reason enough to develop such devices. The long-term promise is much greater, however, perhaps leading one day to neural prosthetics, hardware-based human-computer interfaces, and artificial systems that incorporate principles of biological intelligence.


Review: Jessica, Alexia, Peter, Luke, Danielle, Anna, and Jeffrey- what do they all have in common? Mr. Terupt. Because of Mr. Terupt is an amazing novel that made me feel the pain, sorrow, and joy of all of the characters. Seven different characters tell the tales in this well- crafted story. Although this is only the first novel by Rob Buyea, he shows that he can tell a story. All of the different characters, Alexia, Jessica, Peter, Luke, Anna, Danielle, and Jeffery, all have a different take on what happens. You get to see the perspectives that different the people have on situations that present themselves. I put this in a category with school stories, stories that take place in any kind of classroom. In this, case a classroom where magic happens.
This book starts in September on the first day of school. Each character has a different reaction. Peter: "It's bad luck that we have to have teachers in this world, but since we're stuck with them, the best we can hope for is we get brand-new ones." Jessica: "The first day of school. I was nervous. Somewhat." Luke: "I like school. I'm good at it." Alexia: "I was like; I have a new guy for a teacher. That's so cool." Jeffrey: "The kids in my class are alright." Danielle: "School wasn't so great." Anna "I didn't say much in school and I never raised my hand." All the kids think that this year is going to be normal. They could not have been more wrong. A hospitalized teacher changes the grand scheme of the story. This teacher teaches the kids lessons that they had no clue about, by not saying a word. The presence of this man teaches the kids to stand u for themselves and have a new outlook on the world. Each character evolves throughout the story to create a cast that is truly special.
.I raved about this book to all of my family, and I do not think I have ever liked a book this much. I really enjoy how Rob Buyea tells the story through each of the character's eyes. I think it is cool how all of the characters connect to each other and share a common thought, Mr. Terupt. The bond between the kids grows stronger and stronger as the story progresses. Only on person could have such an influence, and that is Mr. Terupt. The author keeps the story moving even though he switches characters viewpoints. I was on my toes wondering about the fates of the characters all night. I had trouble putting it the book down to eat much less sleep, much less eat! I have a real connection to this book. The sorrow that the characters felt for their teacher reminded me of how I felt when my grandma was in the hospital. When the characters were sad, I felt sad, when the characters felt joyful, I felt joyful. The emotions that I felt while reading this story were very deep inside. Anyone who has felt love for someone in need will connect instantaneously with Because of Mr. Terupt. Just like Mr. Terupt I love happy endings. This book is no exception to the love of Mr. Terupt. The ending makes you want to know about the rest of the kids' schooling. I am hoping there is a sequel and if not I might write one myself. I love this book more than possible to put into words. I wish you could rate a book with six stars.
We would like to thank Random House for providing a copy of Because of Mr. Terupt for this review.
Have you read Because of Mr. Terupt? How would you rate it?
Good job! I liked how you listed all the characters' point of views, and that you wrote about your emotions throughout the book. I'll get this book for sure!


Would you eat a McDonald's Nutella burger?
McDonald's customers in Italy are in for a real treat - Nutella burgers. Late last week, McDonald's announced that it is combining the hazelnut cocoa spread with its signature buns at its Italian locations.
Would you consider the results "delicious?"
"A soft sweetness has arrived that you will not be able to resist," McDonald's promotion said. "Try Sweety with Nutella now: soft bread with a creamy, indulgent center."
While the Nutella burgers are not available in North America yet, the sandwich has generated a fair amount of buzz online. McDonald's post announcing the new sandwich garnered 90,000 shares on Facebook.
Sandwiches are not the only way Nutella can be consumed. It can also be used on waffles, donuts, brownies, cakes, apples, ice cream and more.
McDonald's Sweety con Nutella item might be one of McDonald's healthier items at just 256 calories.


How do you know when to use ten, tę and any other form of "this"??
The pronoun (and adjective) must be fitted to the gender and grammatical case of the noun it relates to. The case used in phrase is ruled by the verb: each verb requires a given case, and there are some verbs that require one of two cases, each case giving a different meaning to the phrase. For example "być" [to be] requires nominative case, or "dać" [to give] requires accusative case.
Ta (fitted to female, singular, nominative case) koszula (koszula is female gender noun in nominative case) JEST ładna (adjective fitted to female gender, singular, nominative case). [This shirt is nice].
Please consult also the table of pronouns in polish with their declension and different genders.
Really good explanation thanks .
If "this" describes a noun ten/ta/to etc has to match noun's gender, case and number.
If this means this one you use ten/ta/to agreeing with gender of a thing you discuss.


Anywhere that's open until 4am? : Kind of a broad question, but tldr I'm in Santa Cruz, I have a flight at SJC at 7am, and I want to drive over the hill before the sky starts shitting hot pockets (which apparently will be from about 1-3a). I'm wondering if there's any place that's open until that time where I can hang out and eat and it's safe at that time of night for a petite female. I'm a bit skeptical that there will really be anything, but my backup plan is just hanging out at the airport so no big deal if there's nothing!


Context. This paper is the third in a series of investigations by the authors.
Aims. The nature of fast magnetoacoustic and Alfvén waves is investigated in a 2D β=0 plasma in the neighbourhood of two dipoles.
Methods. We use both numerical simulations (two-step Lax-Wendroff scheme) and analytical techniques (WKB approximation). Results. It is found that the propagation of the linear fast wave is dictated by the Alfvén speed profile and that close to the null, the wave is attracted to the neutral point. However, it is also found that in this magnetic configuration some of the wave can escape the refraction effect; this had not been seen in previous investigations by the authors. The wave split occurs near the regions of very high Alfvén speed (found near the loci of the two dipoles). Also, for the set-up investigated it was found that 40% of the wave energy accumulates at the null. Ohmic dissipation will then extract the wave energy at this point. The Alfvén wave behaves in a different manner in that part of the wave accumulates along the separatrices and part escapes. Hence, the current density will accumulate at this part of the topology and this is where wave heating will occur. Conclusions. The phenomenon of wave accumulation at a specific place is a feature of both wave types, as is the result that a fraction of the wave can now escape the numerical box when propagating in this magnetic configuration.
Authors: McLaughlin, J. A. and Hood, A. W.


Flossing or using a Waterpik, which is better?
Both flossing and using a Waterpik have many great benefits. In many situations it depends on the person and the condition of their mouth. If patients are doing an effective job with floss they should continue using floss. However, some patients have areas that are hard to reach with floss or the patient may have dexterity issues. For patients who have braces, bridges, implants or have gum disease the Waterpik benefits them a great amount in hard to reach areas. The water stream has a pulsating action that allows plaque biofilm to be removed and it is easier to maneuver the water stream into these areas than it is the floss. The water stream should be moved along each tooth at the gum line for a full 5 seconds to be effective in removing the plaque biofilm.
Patients with braces, bridges, implants and gum disease usually have to use floss threaders to be able to floss around each tooth. This is a very time consuming and difficult process. There are specially designed inserts for the Waterpik with brushes on the end to allow these areas to be cleaned around quickly and easily without having to thread floss through the teeth. Patients with gum disease will have areas of bone loss and recession leaving large spaces in-between all their teeth making it hard to clean the area effectively with a thin piece of floss. The water actually works by flushing these spaces with a thick stream of water clearing out all the plaque and food particles.
People that have dexterity limitations are recommended to use a Waterpik. Men can have troubles due to having large hands, elderly people could have difficulty using their hands from arthritis or other ailments, and small children have not developed the motor skills needed to maneuver floss throughout the mouth. Many of these patients cannot effectively remove the plaque in their mouth with floss alone. The Waterpik allows them to only have to insert a small tip into the back of their mouth giving them much better coverage of all their teeth. Using floss can be very tedious and takes a high level of motor skills to use in the mouth. The Waterpik has a large handle that is easier to grip and is much like using a power toothbrush. This allows more area to grip for the patient and a lower level of motor skill is needed to remove plaque on the teeth.
Ideally it is recommended to use floss and a Waterpik; however, for some this is very difficult. As long as a patient is working hard at home and coming in to see their dentist regularly they should have great results with either method. It may take time and effort on the Dentist and patient's part but eventually, together, they can come up with a home routine that fits each individual patient the best. There is not a "Cookie Cutter" answer; therefore, it strictly depends on each person as an individual.


Can I recite duaa's in English?.
Making du’aa’ in English or in any other language is permissible outside of salaah (prayer). But it is not permissible to say any part of the salaah in any language other than Arabic, according to the majority of scholars.
But if the Muslim can stick to Arabic in all cases, especially in acts of worship – and du’aa’ is an act of worship – that is preferable and is better.


Le Castellet (France): Formula One champion Lewis Hamilton won the French Grand Prix for Mercedes on Sunday to retake the overall lead from Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel, who finished fifth after a first lap collision.
The victory was the 65th of Hamilton's F1 career but the Briton's first in France, which was returning to the calendar after a 10-year absence, and continued a triumphant day for English sports fans.
"Great work guys! I'm so happy for England as well," he said over the team radio, referring to the national football team's 6-1 World Cup rout of Panama in Russia. "It's a beautiful Sunday, everyone."
Hamilton, who had started on pole position, now leads Vettel by 14 points after eight of 21 races. The Briton has 145 and German 131.
Red Bull's Dutch 20-year-old Max Verstappen took the chequered flag in second place with Kimi Raikkonen completing the podium for Ferrari and Australian Daniel Ricciardo finishing fourth for Red Bull.
Hamilton had never before won in France and his victory at Le Castellet, a southern circuit that last hosted Formula One in 1990, set a record for the most wins at different Grands Prix.
He had shared the record of 22 with retired seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher. He also extended his record of wins at different circuits to 26.
There was drama at the start as Hamilton and Mercedes teammate Valtteri Bottas lined up on the front row with Vettel just behind in third.
Vettel and Bottas collided as they jostled for position, with the German handed a five-second penalty for causing the collision.
The incident dropped both to the back of the field after pitstops while the safety car was deployed for four laps with debris scattered across the track from other accidents.
Two of the three French drivers retired on the spot, with Force India's Esteban Ocon and Toro Rosso's Pierre Gasly the unlucky casualties.
Vettel returned to the pits for a new front wing while Bottas limped back on three wheels and a rim with the remains of the tyre flailing.
Denmark's Kevin Magnussen finished sixth for the Haas team, with Bottas seventh and Carlos Sainz eighth for Renault after losing two places three laps from the end when his car lost power.
Renault's Nico Hulkenberg took ninth place with Monaco rookie Charles Leclerc a fine 10th for Sauber and denying Haas's French driver Romain Grosjean his first point of the season.


When you are in the process of making out your estate plan, one of your goals may be to leave money or property to a charitable or benevolent institution. If so, you are not alone, as many people of all income levels have made the same choice. However, once you have made the decision to leave money to charity, your job is not done. There still remains the task of getting your estate plan in order so your wishes may be carried out. This requires a consideration of two main factors.
How do I want to transfer my assets?
One important consideration is the way that you are going to leave your assets to charity. Probably the easiest and simplest way to do this is to include your contribution as a provision in your will. Another simple but equally effective way is to designate the charity of your choice as a beneficiary on your retirement account (which has the contribution within it). After you die, the assets in the account will automatically be transferred to the charity.
If you have significant money or assets you wish to leave your charity, it may make better sense to set up a charitable remainder trust. In this type of trust, you have the ability to specify if your charity receives a fixed payment or a percentage of the assets for a certain period of time (e.g. a certain number of years or the remainder of your life). Once the period you designate has passed, what remains in the trust goes to the charity. Additionally, this type of trust gives you the freedom to change the beneficiary at any time, so you can donate to a different charity if you change your mind.
How will my donation affect my taxes?
The other main consideration that needs to be addressed when you leave money to a charity is how it will affect your taxes. If you choose to donate money to your charity through your will, for example, you are not allowed to deduct your donation from your income taxes. However, doing it this way has the benefit of reducing the size of your taxable estate, which is helpful if you are subject to estate taxes.
There are tax advantages and disadvantages to every available method of charitable donations that are too numerous and complicated to be listed here. Because of this fact, it is imperative that you consult with an experienced estate planning attorney before taking action. An attorney can review your estate situation, explain your available options and recommend one that would best carry out your wishes while minimizing your tax consequences.


Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 40x30mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 4.
Item Number: H20-2908CB Have a question about this item?
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 18x13mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 12.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 30x22mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 6.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 16x12mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 14.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 10x8mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 20.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 7x5mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 20.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 8x6mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 20.
Cabochon, mountain "jade" (dolomite marble) (dyed), turquoise blue, 12x10mm calibrated oval, B grade, Mohs hardness 3. Sold per pkg of 18.