Should a stage be built in Lansing's Old Town? Business leaders are gauging interest.
The Old Town Commercial Association is looking to raise $750,000 to build an outdoor stage near the Brenke Fish Ladder at Lansing's Grand River.
LANSING — A community stage could be coming to Lansing's Old Town.
But, business leaders want input before they raise an estimated $750,000 for the project.
The Old Town Commercial Association is exploring plans for an outdoor performance venue near the Brenke Fish Ladder at the Grand River.
Plans are in early stages and it's unclear when the project would be completed, said Vanessa Shafer, executive director of the OTCA, a nonprofit that represents Old Town businesses.
The covered stage could be used for professional acts, but Shafer envisions the space being used most often at the grassroots level.
Local musicians could host jam sessions. A Girl Scout troop could stage a play.
Patrons would make reservations if they needed to to hook up to the stage's electricity, but the space would otherwise be open to impromptu gatherings.
"When we've discussed it, it's been sky's the limit," Shafer said.
What's included in the design?
Architectural plans are still tentative, but renderings submitted by Lansing-based Swanson Design Studios show a trapezoidal stage that could be as small as 33 by 20 feet or as large as 55 by 38 feet.
The design features octagonal pillars and copper roof accents. The pillars would be made of limestone or material that looks like limestone to mimic the composition of the Brenke Fish Ladder.
"We really wanted to mirror the architecture of the buildings in the Old Town neighborhood," said Mary Swanson, architect at Swanson Design Studios. "This is something that would look like part of the community, like it's always been there."
The stage, which faces the Old Town parking lot, would be built on a knoll alongside the Lansing River Trail. Audience members could sit in the grass or bring their own lawn chairs.
The space might play host to summertime movie screenings or to community festivals, Swanson said.
The intention is to make art accessible, said Rick Preuss, owner of Preuss Pets and vice president of the OTCA board.
The commercial association has hired Capitol Fundraising Associates to poll stakeholders and gauge interest in a capital campaign.
"We really want to make sure the interest is there," Shafer said. "If we hear that the community doesn't want this or doesn't want aspects of it, we won't move forward."
The OTCA is looking to court private donors to build the stage, Shafer said. The project's $750,000 budget encompasses architectural, construction, landscaping and lighting costs.
The city of Lansing has not been involved with fundraising at this stage of the process, Lansing spokeswoman Valerie Marchand said. The city has agreed to dedicate Parks and Recreation and Public Service staff to maintain the space and manage stage rentals, according to an OTCA brochure about the project.
The Old Town community stage is not the only new performance space on Lansing's horizon.
An concert and event venue called "Happening Under the Bridge" (HUB) is set to debut at the Shiawassee Bridge underpass downtown this summer. The HUB project, financed by private donations, coincides with plans for a Rotary Park near the City Market at the Grand River.
Just north of that, the Arts Council of Greater Lansing is looking to bring a permanent covered stage to Adado Riverfront Park near Grand Avenue and East Shiawassee Street. The $9 million stage, part of roughly $20 million in proposed upgrades to Adado park, would be used for events such as the annual Common Ground music festival.
The Arts Council is focusing on government grants as it works to identify funding sources, said Deborah Mikula, the organization's executive director. Lansing City Council applied last year for a National Park Service grant to build a plaza at Adado, near the proposed site of the stage. Lansing would contribute $993,200 in local money to supplement the $750,000 grant.
If Lansing secures funding, the Adado plaza could be built by summer 2020, Mikula said. It is not yet known when the rest of the planned Adado park upgrades, including the stage and wider riverfront sidewalks, would be shovel-ready.
Meanwhile, a decades-old dream for another downtown performance site could be gaining steam.
The city of Lansing partnered earlier this year with the Capital Region Community Foundation and the Lansing Symphony to commission a $105,000 study into the viability of a downtown Performance Arts Center (PAC). The city will pay up to $40,000 of the study's cost.
The PAC, which would include indoor auditorium-style seating, could cost between $40 million and $50 million to build, local leaders say. Lansing officials have identified potential developers, but have not yet selected a specific site for the project.


section Must be set to scans.
keyword A string which specifies a keyword with which to run a search query. Blank by default.
service_id An integer or series of integers which specifies the particular services you'd like to search for scans within. You can specify a single integer or a comma-separated list of integers (Examples: 1005 or 1005, 1010, 1254). You can also use the keyword all to include all services. This parameter is set to all by default.
device_id An integer or series of integers which will return only scans conducted by the specified devices. You can specify a single integer or a comma-separated list of integers (Examples: 1005 or 1005, 1010, 1254). You can also use the keyword all to include all devices in your search. This parameter is set to all by default.
user_id An integer or series of integers which will return only scans conducted by the specified users. You can specify a single integer or a comma-separated list of integers (Examples: 1005 or 1005, 1010, 1254). You can also use the keyword all to include all users in your search. This parameter is set to all by default.
scan_id You can specify a single integer or a comma-separated list of integers (Examples: 1005 or 1005, 1010, 1254) to only retrieve scans with the specified IDs. By default all scans are included in your search.
status An enum type which specifies the scan result type you would like to search within. Input 1 to only display valid scans, 0 to only display invalid scans and -1 to display scans which could not be validated due to lost Internet connectivity. You can also use a comma-separated list to specify multiple scan result types (Examples: 1, 0) or the keyword all to include all scan result types in your search. This parameter is set to all by default.
start_date A date (formatted as YYYY-MM-DD). Use this to search for scans conducted after a given date. Blank by default.
start_time A timestamp (24-hour, formatted as HH:mm:ss). Use this to search for scans conducted after a given time. Only valid if start_date is provided.
end_date A date (formatted as YYYY-MM-DD). Use this to search for scans conducted before a given date. Blank by default.
end_time A timestamp (24-hour, formatted as HH:mm:ss). Use this to search for scans conducted before a given time. Only valid if end_date is provided.
upload_id An integer or comma-separated series of integers which can be used to retrieve scans from a specific upload.
limit An integer which limits the maximum number of results displayed within the list. Default value is 10000.
offset An integer which offsets the results shown. Only valid if limit is provided. (Example: a limit of 20 and an offset of 5 will display a list of 20 scans that begins with the 5th scan).
showProperties A boolean which toggles showing scan properties in the returned XML. Set it to 1 to show properties. Default value is 0 (hide properties).
includeProperty A string which takes a comma-separated list of property names. Only scans that contain these properties will be included in the result set of scans.
excludeProperty A string which takes a comma-separated list of property names. Scans that contain any of these properties will be excluded from the result set of scans.
value A string to perform an exact match search against the scan value (tid). (Example: value=abc).
valuelike A string to perform a partial match search against the scan value (tid). (Example: value=abc will match abc1, 123abc, 123abc123, etc).
response A string to perform an exact match search against the scan response (result). (Example: response=abc).
responselike A string to perform a partial match search against the scan response (result). (Example: responselike=abc will match values with responses abc1, 123abc, 123abc123, etc).
timestamp_received An integer which toggles the display of timestamp_received XML node. If this variable is set to 1 or 2 the timestamp_received node is added to the XML and will contain the timestamp when the scan was actually received by codeREADr (e.g. scan upload timestamp for on-device made scans). Additionally, if timestamp_received=1, then variables start_date, start_time, end_date, end_time will use timestamp_received column to perform filtering, instead of regular timestamp (which is the timestamp when the scan was made on device).
timezone A string which specifies a timezone for the scan timestamps. Examples: timezone=America/New_York, or timezone=Asia/Hong_Kong works for Beijing, timezone=Europe/London works for London etc.) The parameter is set to codeREADr's local time by default (America/New_York, Eastern Time US & Canada). You can dynamically use the timezone configured by the account holder by setting the parameter to the keyword account. See the list of list of Available Timezones.
timezone_offset Deprecated - please use timezone variable instead. A string which specifies a GMT timezone offset for the scan timestamps. You can dynamically use the timezone configured by the account holder by setting the parameter to the keyword account. (Examples: timezone_offset=account, or timezone_offset=+08:00 works for Beijing, timezone_offset=00:00 works for London, timezone_offset=-03:00 works for Brazil, etc.) The parameter is set to codeREADr's local time by default (-05:00 GMT, Eastern Time US & Canada). See a list of timezone offsets here.
order_by An enum type which specifies the order in which you would like your scan list to be sorted. You must set it from the order_by key set below. For ascending order use the key without the _desc suffix (e.g. device_id) and for descending use the key with the _desc suffix (e.g. device_id_desc). You can also use a comma-separated list of keys to specify multiple sub-levels of ordering (e.g. device_id,service_id_desc,timestamp).
only_recent A boolean value which specifies if response should contain only recent scan for each barcode. If set to 1 response will include only the recent scan for each barcode. Set to 0 to view all scans of each barcode. This value is set to 0 by default.
After we receive these variables, we will respond with raw XML containing status and scan data.
scan_id One or more integers specifying the scan(s) you would like to delete. When deleting multiple scans, please separate each integer with commas.
After we receive these variables, we will respond with raw XML containing a status of 1.


The cheapest shirt is number 5.
The most expensive shirt is number 7.
(example) The most interesting shirt is number 4.
(example) The longest shirt is number 2.
(example) The coolest shirt is number 8.
(example) The cutest shirt is number 6.


Nuclear power stations generate power through fission.
This Physics quiz is called 'Radioactivity - Nuclear Fission' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at senior high school. Playing educational quizzes is one of the most efficienct ways to learn if you are in the 11th or 12th grade - aged 16 to 18.
Fission means to split so during the process of nuclear fission atomic nuclei split. This process releases energy, which can be used to heat water and turn it into steam. The steam drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator which produces electricity that can be fed into the National Grid. Electricity generated in this way is often referred to as 'nuclear power'.
Generating electricity from nuclear reactions has the advantage that the process does not release any carbon dioxide or nitrogen and sulfur oxides. These gasses contribute to the environmental problems of global warming and acid rain. Although nuclear power stations are less polluting for the atmosphere, there are other problems such as how to make sure no radiation escapes into the environment and how to safely dispose of the used nuclear fuel which is highly radioactive.
The two main fuels for nuclear power stations are the isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239. They are used because, when the nucleus of either isotope is hit by a neutron, they become unstable and split. We say that the two isotopes are fissionable. During fission, the nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei (referred to as daughter nuclei) and emits some neutrons, usually either two or three. Where you had one neutron to begin with, you end up with two or three. As well as this, some energy is released in the form of heat and gamma radiation.
One of the tasks you may be asked to do in the senior high school exam is to balance an equation involving nuclear fission. This is simply testing if you understand the principle of conservation of matter. Take for example the fission of a plutonium-239 nucleus. If this was hit by a neutron, two possible products of the fission would be cerium-148 and krypton-89 so how many neutrons would be produced? To work this out, you need to use your knowledge of atomic structure. The number 239 indicates that the nucleus of plutonium contains a total of 239 particles. One neutron is needed for the fission to occur so on the left hand side of the equation there are 240 particles in total. That means there must also be 240 particles on the right hand side too. Adding together the 148 particles of the cerium and the 89 of the krypton gives 237 so 3 neutrons are released.
The neutrons released in nuclear fission reactions will then hit other atoms and cause them to split and so on. This is called a chain reaction. If this is not controlled, it very quickly gets out of hand creating a nuclear explosion, that is how the first atomic bombs worked. Later, more powerful hydrogen bombs were developed - these work differently. In the core of a nuclear power station, the neutrons released during nuclear fission are carefully controlled by absorbing them using special control rods. If the neutrons are moving too fast or too slowly, fission will not occur - water is used in some types of reactor as a moderator to ensure that as many neutrons as possible are moving at the correct speed to keep the reaction going in the core.
What is a disadvantage of nuclear fission?
In nuclear power stations, a chain reaction is required. What is a chain reaction?
Reactions in which one reaction causes further reactions, which cause further reactions etc.
What must a nucleus absorb for fission to occur?
What is an advantage of nuclear fission?
In a nuclear reactor, water is used as a moderator. What is a moderator?
What happens to the excess neutrons?
What happens to the atom after it absorbs a neutron?
If Uranium-235 and one neutron are collided together they can create one Kr92 and 1 Ba142. In this circumstance, how many free neutrons are released in this reaction?
This question required you to balance the chemical equation in terms of the number of nuclear particles. There are 236 particles to begin with, so there must be 236 after the fission. Always remember that you will always have the same amount of particles on either side of the reaction. What goes in must always come out!
Which two fissionable substances are commonly used in nuclear reactors?


Imagine this situation: Your spouse/significant other/roommate/etc comes into your room while you are wasting time on the computer reading news, or playing a game or something. They ask if you if you will put a letter in the mailbox when you leave for the day. You say "sure" and resume your time wasting activity. A few hours pass and then you need to go to work. You get up, leave the house and go to work. Later that night you go home to an upset person asking why you forgot the letter.
OK; let's change things a bit. This time when you are asked if you put a letter in the mailbox, you say "sure" then immediately remove your phone from your pocket, and place it in your other pocket. Now a couple hours later when you go to work, you feel your pockets to make sure you have your phone and your wallet. When you feel for your phone, you realize it is not there and you think of where you last placed it. At this point, you will remember that you put it in your other pocket to remember the letter. You put the letter in the mailbox, then head off to work. Your phone resumes its position in the normal pocket.
I have been using this method for remember things for many year and it always works. I have not heard or read about it anywhere so I don't know if it has a name; I will henceforth call it the "Disruptive Mnemonic."
Why does this Disruptive Mnemonic work?
Let's think of our minds for a minute. Everyone of us has routines and schedules. Our minds tend to work the hardest when we are doing or learning something new; when we are just doing routine things however, our mind will often go into cruise control. We as human beings are capable of doing some pretty amazing things without really thinking about it. Some people walk and read a book at the same time. How can they do this? Because walking is so routine they no longer need to think about it. What about what people who drive? Even though it is very dangerous, people text, shave, eat food, put on makeup or various other things all while driving. They do this because driving is so routine, we don't really need to think about it (Note: Please don't do these things. They really are dangerous). You would never see someone who is still learning how to drive to send a text message at the same time; this is because they are so focused on driving.
And so things go with our memory. When we are in our routine or schedule our minds tend to relax. It is easy for us to forget things we don't think are very important, because we simple tend not to think or focus on these things. It is that way with taking out the trash or delivering a letter. These are things that we don't usually do on a daily basis so it is not routine. We can easily forget.
How to use a disruptive mnemonic.
The example I gave above was switching pockets with our phone. If you always have your phone in the same pocket, putting it in another pocket will force to think why. This will work with any item you keep consistently in the same pocket; keys, pen, lip gloss, wallet, etc.
This method works well for me because I am a guy and tent to keep a lot in my pockets. What if you are a girl and keep little or nothing in your pockets? If that is the case, you probably use a purse. You could rearrange the items in your purse. Perhaps you could zip up your purse only half way instead of all the way. Anything that will help disrupt your routine will help call your attention to whatever it is you are supposed to remember.
I started doing this when I was in Jr. High school. If I needed to remember something, I would get a scratch piece of paper and write a note on it. I would place it in my pocket and later in the day when I emptied my pockets I would look at the note and remember whatever it was I needed to remember. The thing is, I quickly realized that I never actually needed to read the note. Simply seeing the paper was enough for me to remember. I quickly learned that anything I did to disrupt my schedule would have the same effect.
The disruptive method is nice because you don't need anything fancy. No paper, no writing things down, no calendar. It works best for things you need to remember during the day (probably not a good idea for long term), and it only works well for about one or two items to remember. If you need something that is time or location sensitive, try to do something to disrupt a specific time or place. For example, if you need to remember something for work; place a random object near the things you take to work. If you need to remember something for lunchtime, put something in the fridge or lunchbox (or wallet if you go out to eat).
Any other memory tricks? Write it below in the comments.
A rubber band is a great idea!


Sometimes very simple tasks are more complicated than we imagine. An example is the Left Right Judgement Task (LRJT). In this task individuals are shown images of body parts and they must decide if the image is of the left or right side of the body (or if it is turned to the left or right for the low back and neck). Often individuals with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) demonstrate differences in performance in this task compared to persons without MSD . Why do individuals with MSD perform differently on this task? The LRJT is a cognitive task involving no overt movement and therefore the answer must lie somewhere in the brain.
Imaging studies of the LRJT demonstrate that the task is associated with activation of areas within the brain involved in integration of sensory information, motor planning and execution, as well as areas involved in cognitive processes [2-4]. This activation in areas of the brain is similar to when we actually perform the movement suggesting that making the judgement involves implicitly imagining moving our body into the same position as we see in the image. Even the primary motor cortex appears to be involved in the task as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the motor regions of the brain affects LRJT performance [5, 6].
Differences in performance on the LRJT are often attributed to changes in the Body Schema, attentional bias, and/or cognitive processing . However, the imaging studies suggest that changes in any of the areas activated while performing the task may be implicated in changes in performance of the LRJT task. Indeed, people with MSD also demonstrate changes in sensory and motor performance as well as changes in cognitive function . There is evidence that activity in forebrain areas involved in emotional responses are also associated with pain and MSD . Thus, when we find differences in LRJT performance between individuals with and without MSD, these differences may also be related to any of the brain areas activated while performing the task including changes in cognitive and motor functions and areas involved in emotional responses related to pain and the injury/condition.
We performed two experiments involving the mental rotation task in persons with MSD of the wrist and hand (i.e arthritis of the thumb, fractures, tendinitis, De Quervain’s tenosynovitis …) [10, 11]. In the first experiment we were interested in determining the relationship between mental rotation task and motor performance, pain related measures and disability . We found that mental rotation task performance in participants with wrist/hand pain was decreased both for accuracy and reaction time. We found no association between the LRJT performance and pain severity, symptom duration or self reported disability. The LRJT was correlated with motor performance in the healthy control participants but not those with wrist/hand pain. Surprisingly, we did find that LRJT performance accuracy was positively correlated and reaction time was negatively correlated with a measure of affective distress. That is, higher levels of affective distress were associated with better performance. The major limitation of this study is that it only involved 15 participants in each group.
We have recently completed a study involving the mental rotation task in a larger sample of participants with heterogeneous wrist/hand pain . In this second study we measured cognitive function (concentration and motor imagery ability), motor (grip strength and dexterity), sensory (tactile acuity, pressure pain thresholds), proprioception (joint position sense), pain and pain related psychosocial aspects, and self reported disability. We found that a sizable portion of LRJT performance for the hands and the feet were explained by the cognitive factors, attention and motor imagery ability. In the affected hand only, accuracy in the mental rotation task was further explained by the addition of four other factors: tactile acuity, motor function, pain medication taken on the day of the evaluation, and participation in general activities. Poorer sensory and motor function were related to poorer mental rotation task accuracy.
These studies suggest that the LRJT is not simply a function of the Body Schema but is a complex mental task that is related to psychological factors such as distress and clinical measures of sensory, cognitive, and motor processes. Improvement in performance in this task and improvement in outcome measures associated with LRJT may be the result of changes in areas in the CNS implicated in these functions, all of which have been shown to be associated with pain and MSD. It is possible that the performance of the LRJT helps to improve cognitive processes, emotional regulation related to movements that may be painful, the integration of sensorimotor information, and/or the Body Schema. It is even possible that the LRJT helps to improve sensory and motor function that has been associated with mental processes such as motor imagery [12, 13].
We need further study to help decipher these processes associated with the LRJT and LRJT improvement and how these relate to the clinical measures of function/disability. This information will help us to better target those individuals with MSD who are good candidates for these cognitive driven exercises in addition to conventional rehabilitation treatments to help improve function and decrease pain and hopefully develop more efficacious treatments .
René is an osteopath who returned to do a PhD after more than 20 years of clinical practice. He has recently completed his PhD in Rehabilitation Science at the University of Montreal. His PhD research involved the study of neurophysiological changes associated with musculoskeletal injuries and conditions of the wrist/hand and how these were related to clinical measures of pain (pain intensity, symptom duration), psychosocial factors related to pain (i.e. life control, affective distress, pain interference …), self reported disability, and measures of sensory and motor function. He would like to continue to investigate how cognitive and emotional processes interact with sensory and motor areas of the brain in persons with and without musculoskeletal conditions and injuries. Secondly how these processes are related to clinical measures of motor and sensory function as well as disability.
 Breckenridge, J.D., et al., Do people with chronic musculoskeletal pain have impaired motor imagery? A meta-analytical systematic review of the left/right judgement task. The Journal of Pain, 2018.
 Hetu, S., et al., The neural network of motor imagery: an ALE meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2013. 37(5): p. 930-49.
 Tomasino, B. and M. Gremese, Effects of Stimulus Type and Strategy on Mental Rotation Network: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci, 2015. 9: p. 693.
 Cohen, M.S., et al., Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation A mapping study using functional MRI. Brain, 1996. 119(1): p. 89-100.
 Ganis, G., et al., Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation. Cereb Cortex, 2000. 10(2): p. 175-80.
 Hyde, C., et al., Primary Motor Cortex Excitability Is Modulated During the Mental Simulation of Hand Movement. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2017. 23(2): p. 185-193.
 Moseley, G.L., The graded motor imagery handbook. 2012: Noigroup publications.
 Moriarty, O., B.E. McGuire, and D.P. Finn, The effect of pain on cognitive function: a review of clinical and preclinical research. Prog Neurobiol, 2011. 93(3): p. 385-404.
 Simons, L.E., I. Elman, and D. Borsook, Psychological processing in chronic pain: a neural systems approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2014. 39: p. 61-78.
 Pelletier, R., J. Higgins, and D. Bourbonnais, Laterality recognition of images, motor performance, and aspects related to pain in participants with and without wrist/hand disorders: An observational cross-sectional study. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 2018. 35: p. 18-24.
Pelletier, R., et al., Left Right Judgement Task and Sensory, Motor, and Cognitive Assessment in Participants with Wrist/Hand Pain. Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2018. 2018.
 Kerr, C.E., et al., Tactile acuity in experienced Tai Chi practitioners: evidence for use dependent plasticity as an effect of sensory-attentional training. Experimental Brain Research, 2008. 188(2): p. 317-322.
 Di Rienzo, F., et al., Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies. Front Hum Neurosci, 2016. 10: p. 315.
 Dilek, B., et al., Effectiveness of the graded motor imagery to improve hand function in patients with distal radius fracture: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther, 2018. 31(1): p. 2-9 e1.
Lorimer MOSELEY is coming to Sweden!
It’s impossible to slip your disc!
Am I safe to move?
Listen to Lorimer Moseley talk to Karim Khan on new understanding of pain and focusing on the patient.
SIPS Conference July in Leiden!
The 2nd official Society for Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies (SIPS) conference on placebo studies will be hosted by the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences of Leiden University from July 7 to 9, 2019 in the beautiful historical city center of Leiden, the Netherlands. Leiden is located just half an hour outside Amsterdam and 15 minutes from Schiphol airport.
The SIPS conference is devoted to medical, psychological, and neurobiological research on placebo effects, and will also address ethical dilemmas and treatment options. The conference will offer researchers and clinicians interested in placebo effects the opportunity to meet each other, learn about the latest research findings, and present their work. Both junior and senior researchers are given the chance to present their work either orally or as a poster.
All blog posts should be attributed to their author, not to BodyInMind. That is, BodyInMind wants authors to say what they really think, not what they think BodyInMind thinks they should think. Think about that!
We often get people writing in about their particular conditions asking for more information and help. Unfortunately we get too many to be able to respond personally. We do not publish these comments for privacy reasons and we cannot offer treatment advice.
If you want more information on CRPS you might find what we know about CRPS helpful as well as these resources by the Royal College of Physicians. You can also read recent research published by the team and browse through our CRPS blog articles.
You might also find useful sites for CRPS patients helpful.
Got an event or meeting you want to promote?
The Body in Mind Research Group is based at The Sansom Institute for Health Research at the University of South Australia in Adelaide and Neuroscience Research Australia in Sydney. We have active collaborations with editors scattered around the world. Together we are seeking a better understanding of the interaction between the body, brain and mind in chronic and complex pain disorders.
Dear BiM Community We have come to the difficult decision to stop comments as this feature is no longer serving its intended function for the wider readership of BiM. Our aim is to facilitate and disseminate good clinical science research, the comments section were for folks to engage with this research constructively and not promote individual views or therapies. We feel this function is now not being fulfilled.


Mango Curry Chicken - This time of year when everything gets so busy, we all deserve to be able to make a tasty dinner that requires minimal effort. 'I had 'made this awhile back, much to the acclaim of myself and my husband, and then last week I couldn't think of what to make for dinner (a universal problem) and I remembered this dish. 'Because I was aiming for easy on all fronts, I went to the closest grocery store to where I live, which happens to be a Trader Joe's. 'I was hoping they would have mangoes, which they did, at about $2 each. 'While I've certainly paid that much before, I wanted to have a lot of mango in this dish and didn't want to spend quite so much. 'I decided to check out the frozen fruit area, and picked up some mango chunks there for a much better price.
Also, because I am going for easy, I often resort to my Better than Bouillon chicken stock base, which I use quite often. 'I've heard people say that it is too salty, and perhaps for some preparations it is, but overall it works just fine for me. 'Also, I bought this giant can of curry powder at an Indian market awhile back, because my husband thinks curry powder makes everything taste better. 'There have been a few instances where he was surprised to learn that it does not.
For such a simple dish, I will say that after having made this twice, I'm going to give you a lot of options. 'For instance, I did prefer the fresh mangoes over the frozen, but the frozen worked just fine. 'Also, the original recipe calls for white wine, but I think you can use chicken broth instead if you don't have any wine around. 'Also, for the chicken, you can use whatever pieces you want. 'The first time I made it, I just got a selection of legs and thighs, but this time, I bought a whole chicken that had already been cut up. See? It's flexible. 'All that to say, I love how easy this is to make, and how great it tastes for such little effort. 'It's so important to have these kinds of recipes on hand.
Place chicken pieces in a large bowl and coat with 1 tablespoon olive oil (or more if needed) and sprinkle salt and curry powder, stirring pieces around to make sure chicken is well coated. Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil and 1-2 tablespoons of butter over medium high heat. 'When butter has melted, add the chicken, skin side down and cook until the skin is golden brown.
After you add the chicken, smash the garlic cloves with the side of a big knife, then peel the garlic and throw the cloves into the pan. After the chicken skin is golden brown, turn the heat down to medium-low, and cover with a lid, cooking for 35-40 minutes, turning the chicken over about halfway through.
Once the chicken is finished cooking, remove from the pan. 'Tilt the pan a little and remove most of the fat with a spoon, then turn the heat back up to high, and add the wine or chicken broth, scraping up the brown bits and garlic cloves with a wooden or silicone covered spoon. After the liquid had reduced by about half, add the mango chunks and parsley, and simmer for a minute. 'Add salt if needed. 'Pour the mango parsley mixture over the chicken, and serve with rice.


Background/Context: In the United States, there has been an increased trend in parents� utilization of center-based child care. Yet, though research has examined the effects of attending prekindergarten center-based care or the effects of attending center-based care during the kindergarten school year, little is known about the effects of having attended both.
Purpose/Objective: This study asks three questions: (a) Do children who attend both prekindergarten and kindergarten center-based care have different achievement outcomes, measured at the end of kindergarten? (b) Do children who attend both prekindergarten and kindergarten center-based care have different socioemotional outcomes, measured at the end of kindergarten? (c) Do these relationships differ by individual socio-demographic characteristics?
Population/Participants: This study utilizes data from the newly released Early Childhood Longitudinal Study � Kindergarten Class of 2011 (ECLS-K:2011). The ECLS-K: 2011 represents the most contemporary national-level data available to study the educational experiences of young students in the United States. Information was first collected from kindergartners (as well as parents, teachers, and school administrators) from U.S. kindergarten programs in the year 2010�2011.
Research Design: This study combines secondary data analyses and quasi-experimental methods. There are two achievement outcomes: reading and math. There are five socioemotional outcomes: externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, self control, approaches to learning, and interpersonal skills. The study begins with a baseline, linear regression model. To address issues pertaining to omitted variable bias, the study employs various fixed-effects models.
Findings: The findings for the first research question indicated that academic outcomes do not differ for children in both years of center-based care compared to children who attended only one year of center-based care or none at all. As for the second research question, the findings show that multiple years of center-based care is related to increases in problem behaviors and decreases in prosocial behaviors�outcomes that are worsened by the number of years of center-based care attendance. The findings for the third research question suggest some minor differences between boys and girls in zero, one, or two years of center-based care.
Conclusions/Recommendations: This study has brought to surface new ways that center-based care attendance might influence children�s short-term outcomes. Therefore, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners must base future questions on empirical work concerning how to address children�s outcomes across multiple years of care, rather than simply focus exclusively on one year�s influence.
MICHAEL A. GOTTFRIED is an Assistant Professor in the Gevirtz Graduate School of Education at the University of California Santa Barbara. His research interests include school quality and effectiveness, classroom peer effects, and STEM. Recent articles include: School entry age and children�s socio-behavioral skills: Evidence from a national longitudinal study of U.S. kindergarteners, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis; and Classmates with disabilities and students� non-cognitive outcomes, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.


The Cloakroom Attendant — Chris Hislop Testing What happens next?
The cloakroom attendant of a national museum invites the audience in a journey to the secrets of her profession, which is no other than the study of human nature. By opening the gates of the sacred temple which is the museum, artefacts come to life and visitors take mythical dimensions. Condemned lovers, an unfortunate queen and a young painter help the cloakroom attendant in her pursuit of happiness in a world filled with the beauty of art and the ugliness of war.
Poetry can be found in the humblest of things, and even more in these which people scorn.
The cloakroom attendant is a witty and poetic one-woman show, written and performed by Dimitra Barla. The world of the woman behind the cloakroom counter is a mixture of reality, imagination and aspirations. The plot is three-folded comprising of stories from the attendant’s daily routine in the cloakroom, fictional stories inspired by artefacts and insights into visitors to the museum. The play will have its debut performance on June 2nd and 3rd in London at the Canal Café Theatre.
Dimitra Barla trained at East 15 Acting School in London and Embros Drama School in Athens. She has directed and performed the shows SOLO (Vault festival 2014 and Eleusis festival 2013), Medusa the lady in the mirror (Athens January 2012 and Acreide, 2011) and Tales of female madness (Athens May 2012). All plays received four star reviews. Dimitra holds lead parts in the UK feature film I love London and the awarded Greek film The cypress deep down. She is also currently developing the short film The velveteen rabbit- A tale of love and addiction.


Dr. Alan Bernstein, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research (CIFAR), once wrote in a Globe and Mail article, “If Canada’s game is hockey, it’s science is stem cells” (1). When we think of Canadian contributions to medical research, we’re quick to recall the discovery of insulin for the treatment of diabetes by Drs. Frederick Banting and Charles Best. It seems a shame, however, that so few Canadians recognize that stem cells were discovered in their own backyard. In fact, Canada has a storied history of contributions to stem cell research, the implications of which hold immense promise for the treatment of a myriad of conditions and diseases including spinal cord injuries, blindness, cancer, Parkinson’s Disease, and many others. This history begins in 1961 with a discovery by two University of Toronto (U of T) scientists, Dr. Ernest Armstrong “Bun” McCulloch—co-founder of the Institute of Medical Science (IMS)—and his colleague Dr. James Edgar Till.
Dr. McCulloch, who was born and raised in Toronto, attended U of T for his undergraduate studies. Despite his penchant for humanities—he was editor of his high school’s magazine and studied English literature throughout his undergraduate education—he decided to pursue medicine, believing that this would allow him to govern his own career. “I learned enough about myself to settle on a career in medicine: I did not like discipline—therefore I wanted to work for myself—to be my own boss” (2).
After graduating from medical school at U of T in 1948, Dr. McCulloch spent the following year training at the Lister Institute in London, where he was exposed to clinical research—in particular, studies of the immune system. Upon his return to Toronto, Dr. McCulloch spent the next decade specializing in haematology and slowly taking on a greater role in teaching and research. In fact, by the time Dr. McCulloch received his appointment to the newly formed Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI—now the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre) in 1957, he had almost completely transitioned out of the clinic and on to the laboratory bench.
At the OCI, Dr. McCulloch set out to cure leukemia. He received funding to study the effects of radiation on mammalian cells, a project that was of particular interest to the public in light of the Cold War. The task, however, would require the knowledge of a fellow OCI scientist. Dr. Till, a Canadian physicist who had studied radiation physics during his PhD at Yale University, had enjoyed Dr. McCulloch’s presentations at some of the more informal meetings they attended and offered his expertise as Dr. McCulloch set out to conduct these seminal experiments. Perhaps unbeknownst to them, their partnership would last the duration of their scientific careers.
Although the existence of stem cells was already suspected and postulated, Dr. McCulloch and Dr. Till were the first to find and quantify them. Their now famous experiments involved injecting both healthy mouse bone marrow cells—which we now know include hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)—and irradiated mouse bone marrow cells into mice that had been given a lethal dose of radiation. Although they had originally sought to determine the effects of radiation on normal cells compared to cancer cells, their results showed that the survival of the irradiated animals depended on the number of live bone marrow cells injected. The more cells injected, the better the survival of the mice. They also discovered tiny nodules on the surface of the spleens of mice injected with normal bone marrow cells. The number of nodules, which Dr. McCulloch and Dr. Till very cautiously termed “colony forming units” (CFUs), was directly proportional to the number of cells injected (3). As you might guess, these spleen CFUs were full of proliferating cells and were able to generate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets—the three main components of blood! We now know that Dr. McCulloch and Dr. Till had observed the two defining features of stem cells: that they could both give rise to all the different blood cells in the body, as well as “self-renew” (create more of themselves).
Their results, although exciting at the time, did not receive much attention until nearly 30 years later. Even their trainees, many of whom would later become giants in their respective fields, could not have predicted the weight of those initial findings. Dr. Connie Eaves, current Director of the Terry Fox Laboratory BC Cancer Agency recalls, “I don’t think I knew that they were making history in the way that we understand now” (4). At the time, the stem cell field did not attract the attention and excitement it does today. Another trainee, Dr. Norman Iscove—now Senior Scientist at the OCI—comments, “Till and McCulloch created a landscape for scientific investigation where none had existed prior to their arrival” (4).
Many of the PhD candidates that passed through Dr. McCulloch’s laboratory also possessed Medical Doctorate (MD) degrees. Because these students were thought to have formal training in biological sciences, they were prevented from taking biology related courses in graduate school. This rule grew to frustrate Dr. McCulloch, who taught the graduate courses in biology and knew that his course material would not have been taught in medical school. At the same time, Dr. John (Jack) Coleman Laidlaw, an endocrinologist at Toronto General Hospital, became similarly dissatisfied with the research training received by MD graduate students. This training, which typically took the form of a year-long apprenticeship, often lacked proper evaluation. As a result, it was unclear whether students were taught proper research methodology. A more structured training regime was needed, but one that was not quite as rigid as those basic science departments already existing in U of T’s School of Graduate Studies (SGS). The IMS was conceptualized in response to this need, achieving official approval in September of 1968.
Dr. McCulloch, who was the first IMS Graduate Secretary—now termed Graduate Coordinator—and its second director (succeeding Dr. Laidlaw), was essential to the department’s formative years. It seems fitting that McCulloch’s career had and would continue to embody the central tenets of the IMS. His partnership with Dr. Till—the marrying of biological and physical sciences—was a multidisciplinary team conducting groundbreaking translational research before the term was even coined. It is hard to imagine that Dr. Laidlaw and Dr. McCulloch faced so much scrutiny in the early years of the IMS—now the largest department in the Faculty of Medicine with greater than 600 faculty and 500 students.
Dr. McCulloch passed away at the age of 84 on January 20, 2011, 50 years after his initial discoveries were first published. He and Dr. Till are two of Canada’s most decorated scientists, receiving nearly every major honour and award including both the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1969 and the Albert Lasker Award in 2005. They were both named Officers of the Order of Canada and inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. Moreover, their research became the foundation for future breakthroughs in the stem cell field, many of which were achieved by Canadian scientists. For his contributions to research, his scientific integrity, and for his fostering of the next generation of Canadian scientists, we in the IMS are proud to call Dr. McCulloch one of our founding fathers.


Is 3192 a leap year? 3192 is a leap year. February 29th, 3192 is a valid date. The last leap year before 3192: 3188. The next leap year after 3192: 3196. Details below. The leap year algorithm. The three conditions to check in order to know whether a year is a leap or a common one: 1) A leap year can be evenly divided by 4: 3192 is evenly divided by 4. 2) Except if it can be evenly divided by 100 then it isn't a leap year: 3192 is not evenly divided by 100. 3) Except if it can be evenly divided by 400, then it's a leap year: 3192 is not evenly divided by 400. 3192 is a leap year. What is a leap year? 3192, being a leap year has 366 days. A common year has 365. In a leap year month February has 29 days. February 29th, 3192 is a valid date. In a common year month February has 28 days. February 29th does not exist. How often do the leap years occur? Nearly once every four years is a leap year. More exactly, leap years occur 97 times in every cycle of 400 years. Why do we need leap years in our calendar? Leap years keep the calendar year in sync with the astronomical year, preventing us, for example, from celebrating Christmas in the month of November.
Is 3192 a leap year?
3192 is a leap year.
February 29th, 3192 is a valid date.
The last leap year before 3192: 3188.
The next leap year after 3192: 3196.
3192 is evenly divided by 4.
3192 is not evenly divided by 100.
3192 is not evenly divided by 400.
3192, being a leap year has 366 days.


UPDATED: The [common bile duct] also known as the [ductus choledocus]. is part of the hepatobiliary tree, taking bile from the gallbladder and liver to the second portion of the duodenum. The common bile duct begins at the junction of the common hepatic duct with the cystic duct, it continues inferiorly, usually to the right of the proper hepatic artery and anterior to the portal vein. It then passes posterior to the first portion of the duodenum, is surrounded by pancreatic tissue and ends at the hepatopancreatic ampulla of (Vater).
The junction of the common bile duct with the hepatopancreatic ampulla of (Vater) is the narrowest portion of the hepatobiliary tree, The lodging of a gallstone at this junction can be the cause for choledocholitiasis and jaundice.
In the accompanying image the common bile duct is elevated with a probe. The lesser omentum has been removed to show the common bile duct and vascular structures that are found between the two peritoneal layers that form the lesser omentum.


The "Billion Ton" biomass assessment conducted in 2005 was instrumental in accelerating the president's renewable fuels policies and ultimately spurring biomass research efforts, such as the U.S. DOE's "30x'30" initiative. With solid government backing, the report remains an integral reference point for policy-makers and industry leaders to base sound business decisions.
Biomass experts had long awaited tangible evidence that would identify practical and economical methods to meet renewable fuel production demands using biomass. Before those methods could be identified, however, one question had to be addressed: Is there enough biomass produced in the United States to make a significant impact on U.S. fuel consumption?
In 2005, this question was answered in a federally sponsored report, jointly endorsed by the U.S. DOE and the USDA. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), in conjunction with the USDA Forest Service, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) generated a report called the "Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply."
Commonly referred to as the "Billion Ton" study, the report was the impetus behind the 2006 DOE initiative coined "30x'30" and is a systematic approach to assessing the nation's goal of producing approximately 60 billion gallons of ethanol from biomass to replace 30 percent of the petroleum used for transportation fuel by 2030.
Tom Foust, biomass program technology manager for the NREL, the nation's primary laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development headquartered in Golden, Colo., believes that the Billion Ton study was critical in setting the standard for creating its blueprint of success within the industry. "I think what makes the [Billion Ton] study unique above other studies is that we brought in all the different people," says Foust, who was a major contributor to both the Billion Ton study and the 30x'30 initiative. "It was an open forum and everybody was allowed to contribute their ideas and concerns. Other studies just didn't provide the political buy-in that this study did."
The short answer to the aforementioned question is yes. Looking at just forest and agricultural land alone�the two largest potential sources of biomass�the report found the potential for approximately 1.3 billion dry tons per year of biomass. That is more than enough to meet one-third of the current demand for fuels in the transportation sector well into the 21st century, when large-scale bioenergy and biorefinerey industries are likely to exist. The report observed that this long-term annual supply of biomass is about a sevenfold increase over the 200 million dry tons of biomass per year currently used, leaving the remaining 1.1 billion dry tons for future production of bioenergy and biobased products. The study involved all the lower 48 states, excluding Hawaii and Alaska.
"Our report answers several key questions," says Robert Perlack, lead author of the report and a research scientist at the ORNL's Environmental Division, a DOE-managed research and development facility headquartered in Oak Ridge, Tenn., that focuses on researching bioenergy efficiency and security in the country. "We wanted to know how large a role biomass could play, whether the United States had the land resources and whether such a plan would be economically viable," he says. "The study shows that there is a significant resource available to support a large-scale biorefinery industry."
According to the report, agriculture and forestry account for 79 percent of the total resource base and collectively could supply up to 15 percent of U.S. energy demand by 2030 without impeding food, feed and fiber production, assuming relatively modest changes in agricultural and forestry practices are met.
Agricultural areas account for approximately 46 percent of the entire land base in the United States. Of that land, 26 percent is considered grassland and 20 percent is classified as cropland. The report estimates that agricultural land can supply 998 million sustainable dry tons of biomass resources annually. In contrast, forestlands have the potential to contribute an estimated 33 percent of land acreage and approximately 367 million tons of biomass per year.
Forest residues were one of the main components of the research, according to Bryce Stokes, national program leader for the national USDA Forest Operations in Washington, D.C., and also a major contributor to the study. Forestry waste could potentially supply one-third of the nation's biomass energy demand. "We could considerably go up to one-half of that demand, if not higher," Stokes says. "We have the potential to do more, especially if we go into woody crops and if we start producing wood for energy."
Researchers were careful to factor environmental sustainability issues into their assessment, leaving out roadless areas and environmentally sensitive land relevant to forestry. In addition, variables such as soil quality, wind erosion and tillage practices were accounted for on the agricultural side. According to Perlack, if the environmental constraints were relaxed the biomass resource availability would be even larger.
Meanwhile, the report also determined that biomass consumption in the industrial sector would increase at an annual rate of 2 percent through 2030, while biomass consumption by electric utilities would double every 10 years through 2030. Supplying more than 3 percent of the nation's energy, biomass has already surpassed hydropower as the largest domestic source of renewable energy, according to the report. "Although we were focused more on the fuels, we weren't excluding power," Perlack says. "We were just looking at it in a more integrated fashion. Certainly some of the feedstocks identified in the Billion Ton study are much more amenable to power than they are to fuels production, especially some of the feedstocks that might contain dirt and rocks that could potentially affect a biochemical process moreso than a thermochemical process."
In gauging the report's relevance to the current situation, one must take into account the steady growth in U.S. ethanol and biodiesel production. Currently, the production of ethanol is about 5.6 billion gallons per year, and could reach 80 billion gallons or more under the scenario outlined in the report. According to the study, such an increase in ethanol production would result in the augmentation of transportation fuels made from biomass to 4 percent in 2010, 10 percent in 2020 and 20 percent in 2030.
Much to Perlack's surprise, since the study was released corn production has increased to meet the growing demand from the ethanol industry, which some believe is placing a strain on food and feed markets. These variables were simply things he could not foresee. However, the report retains its credibility due to its conservative approach to the assessment. "Our study was real conservative with regard to corn grain ethanol," Perlack says. "That's something we did right away and before the run-up. As an average, looking 40 years into the future, [corn production is] actually somewhat less than the straight-line projection of current trends."
Marie Walsh, an adjunct professor at the University of Tennessee, who worked with Perlack on the Billion Ton study, says that when reviewing the report it must be read with a critical eye. The absence of cost analysis and resource availability information on a localized level are crucial components in determining biomass availability in a more precise manner, she says.
"It's limited in the information it provides," Walsh says. "We need to really start breaking this down geographically and get some economics involved. You need to understand the distribution and the concentration of the feedstock."
Perlack agrees with Walsh's sentiments. "One thing we could have done is maybe prepared a number of maps that showed the spatial distribution of the various kinds of resources because shortly after the report came out we were inundated with questions about how much of the 1.3 billion tons is in a particular state," he says. "It was a very narrow focus in that we just wanted to look at the resource issues�how much resource is there and if that resource is sufficiently large to support a major biorefinery industry. That was it."
The omitted portions of the analysis to which Walsh alluded will be included in more detail by the Sun Grant Program, a biobased energy research initiative, which is cosponsored by the DOE and the USDA and established by the U.S. Congress under the Sun Grant Research Initiative Act of 2003. The program is aimed at developing sustainable and environmentally friendly biobased energy alternatives. Under the program, a group of five universities will collect data from their respective regions of the country to provide a more localized feedstock assessment in all areas, such as availability within a given region, county or state, cost analysis of each feedstock and how other market influences would increase availability�aspects that the Billion Ton study didn't examine.
For more information on the Billion Ton study, visit the Web site at http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion_ton_vision.pdf.


Do 51's all come with gold nibs? Difference in comparison with the 21?
I am new at this so please bare with me.
"Sweating is the bodies way of weeping with desire," he said. "Five more cry baby, five more", she said.
Not all. The "51" Special often has a steel nib, but they are very good ones.
http://www.richardspens.com/ (go to the left column and look under "Reference" then Parker "51".
Thanks for the info, I will bid for a 51, lusteroy gold nib, I notice that on the e bay the prices range between 30 to 55 US dollars for fairly good specimens. Seem a reasonable price to you? I'm really keen on getting a nice model with a smooth write, I don't want to be surprised again with a pen possessing a scratchy experience (like my newly acquired streamline duofold off e-bay, 14 k m nib, go figure)!!!!!!!!!!!
I'm really keen on getting a nice model with a smooth write, I don't want to be surprised again with a pen possessing a scratchy experience (like my newly acquired streamline duofold off e-bay, 14 k m nib, go figure)!!!!!!!!!!!
Parker "51" nibs are very good, but I'm afraid that when you buy an old pen you can never be *sure* of a smooth writer. Nibs can get damaged, and much more probably the tines can get out of alignment, as wimg explained. This can happen to pens of any age, and you can easily find a brand new pen with the tines misaligned. Some people don't even regard this as any big deal, even with very expensive new pens.
If you buy from a known good seller, either a hobbyist or a professional, you can ask how a pen writes, and expect to get quite nuanced answers. From ebay, it's a casino.
All that said, I think many people, including those who (perfectly correctly) regard the "51" as one of the greatest pens ever made, would say that they don't typically have the very smoothest nibs. Which is not to say they are scratchy, but they're not the butteriest, either. Nibs also get smoother the broader they are, and the wetter they write.
But the prices you're seeing on "51"s sound OK to me, and I'd suggest you go ahead.
Michael is correct about ebay having some risks. I have bought a dozen or so "51"s on ebay, and I think 9-10 of them wrote very well. The other few needed some work on the nibs.
One compromise you can do on ebay is to buy from recognized pen merchants who sell there. You are much more likely to get a very good pen. Look at their other items for sale and previous items; you can see that some only restore and sell pens and have sold hundreds. You will pay a little more, and won't get a real bargain, but is often cheaper than buying from a non-ebay professional pen seller. Parker "51"s also come up on the Marketplace here on FPN from time to time as well. That's another good place to get a good quality "51".
My limited experience does show that a good quality but not perfect run of the mill Parker "51" usually sells for between $30-50 on ebay. Certain colors and types go for more.
Parker "51"s are popular pens, so the question of where to buy one comes up frequently. Here's a quote from an earlier thread by Amin. He lists off some good sources of used, but reconditioned "51"s. Good luck!
I recently performed a similar search for a "51." If you want to spend less than $60, I think your best bet is regular visits to the Pentrace Market Board (http://www.pentrace.net/PenMarket.htm) and purchasing from a regular there.
Thanks to all of you for sharing your experience with me. I have my mind made up and will go for it (sounds like I'm going to buy a house!). I am not sure this is common, but the gentlemen that sold me the duofold over the e-bay has sent me a 51 to try out (after he had heard that I was not satisfied with the nib of the duofold), if I like it I will come to an arrangement with him, send him back the duofold or something similar. That is really great service if you ask me!!!


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Step 1Heat the oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the onions and cook until they're translucent, 5 to 6 minutes. Add the carrots and celery and cook for a few more minutes. Add the lentils, water, thyme and bay leaf. Simmer, stirring occasionally, until the lentils are soft and the soup has thickened, 1 to 1 1/2 hours. Add salt to taste.
Step 2Puree about 2 cups of the soup, return it to the pot and heat through before serving.
178 calories; 58 mg sodium; 0 cholesterol; 7 grams fat; 1 gram saturated fat; 22 grams carbohydrates; 8 grams protein; 7.88 grams fiber.
DEAR SOS: Would you please print the recipe for the vegetarian lentil soup served at Clementine Restaurant in West Los Angeles?
DEAR PETER: This is a very straightforward recipe. It's really good. When you make this soup, your friends on the mainland may make the 26-mile crossing for a bowl. And of course, for a swim. And maybe a sail. And definitely a hike. Ann Miller of Clementine says this is one of the restaurant's most popular soups. It will keep for several days in the refrigerator, and it's also fine to freeze it.


How to fix showing multiple Bitbucket login windows? I don't want to login.
This is due to a bug in the Git Credential Manager for Windows which ships with Git for Windows.
Quickest way to fix is to install Git for Windows 2.19.1 and then install Git Credential Manager 1.18.3 https://github.com/Microsoft/Git-Credential-Manager-for-Windows/releases/tag/1.18.3 then set Sourcetree to use this install in the Tools/Options/Git tab System Git option,.


Ukip's future is "very bright indeed", its leader Paul Nuttall has insisted despite the party losing all but one council seat contested this week.
In his first interview since the bruising local election results, Mr Nuttall conceded that many Ukip voters had switched over to the Tories.
However he insisted that the party would surge in support once again when Theresa May "buckles" during Brexit talks by not stopping the free movement of immigrants.
He said he anticipated voters would return to the Ukip fold when they feel "they have been let down" and when they "feel they aren't getting the Brexit they wanted".
Meanwhile Tim Farron claimed Labour was finished as a viable opposition to a Conservative Party heading for a landslide majority larger than those enjoyed by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s,.
The Liberal Democrat leader was speaking as he unveiled a flagship plan to put a penny on income tax to fund a £6 billion-a-year cash injection into the NHS and social care services.
Jeremy Corbyn admitted Labour faces a task on a historic scale if it is to regain power in the General Election after shedding 320 councillors and losing control of seven authorities, including Glasgow, on a calamitous day for his party.
Claiming that the gap separating Labour from the Conservatives is "not as great as the pundits are saying", Mr Corbyn told supporters in Leicester that the General Election represented "a great opportunity ... to create a society in which people are no longer held back by a system that is rigged for the rich. A chance to rebuild Britain for the many, not the few".
With the Conservatives gaining more than 500 councillors - as well as winning tightly fought mayoral races in the West Midlands and Tees Valley - Theresa May insisted she was taking "nothing for granted".
But Mr Farron said that his party was now the only opposition capable of preventing the "catastrophe" of a colossal Tory majority at Westminster.
"The local elections proved that the Labour Party is finished and the Conservative Party is heading for a landslide," he told Sky News.
"There is only one opposition party left standing after Thursday - not just standing but growing - and that's the Liberal Democrats."
The divisions in the Labour ranks were underlined when former shadow home secretary Andy Burnham - the party's newly-elected metro mayor for Manchester - failed to show up for a visit to the city by Mr Corbyn to celebrate his triumph.
Reports suggested that Mr Burnham may not have been told of the visit in time to attend, while the party's candidate for Manchester Central Lucy Powell said: "I didn't get invited and it's my constituency."
Mrs May had called the snap election purely in order to get it under way before Brexit negotiations began in earnest, said Mr Nuttall.
"It is very easy for her to talk the talk and act tough, but when she's asked to walk the walk, I think there's going to be problems," he told the BBC.
"I think she will start to barter things away. I think fisheries will go, I think there will be some sort of movement on immigration and freedom of movement, I think she might buckle on that. And I think she will certainly buckle on the divorce bill.
"When people are angry, when people feel they have been let down, when people feel they aren't getting the Brexit they wanted and they voted for on June 23, where are they going to go?
"They are going to return to Ukip. The future of Ukip is very bright indeed."


When performing photolithography to make microelectronic circuits we come across the standing wave effect in the exposed then developed photoresist. Obviously the result of this effect is dictated by the source's wavelength but it makes me wonder... Do photons follow a sinusoidal path? Does the answer lie within the explanation of wave-particle duality?
To me it seems obvious that the photons would travel a path like that however its probably not as simple as I think.
As you can see the waves are formed on the sidewalls of the patterned resist. The coherency of these steppers is quite amazing!
You're making it more complicated than it really is--light is classically a wave and you're seeing something consistent with the classical approach. If you saw anything that showed quantum effects you would need the wave-particle duality, but there is no indication of photons.
I don't know how photolithography works, but if it's a single beam of light at a fixed frequency exposing a light-sensitive surface, I don't see a reason for a sinusoidal pattern to show up. Maybe you're thinking of the double slit experiment in which interference fringes show up with both slits open. But with a single slit, as would be the case with a single focused beam, there is no interference pattern.
However, I doubt if what the OP is seeing is due to any quantum effect. It's more likely to be a modulation effect on the mechanism pointing the beam.
I think thats what I was told before but I don't understand. The sidewall of the photoresist literally has the wavelength etched into the side of it. That means light physically passed through the resist along that path. I guess what I picture is photons leaving the barrel of a gun and traveling a sinusoidal path as opposed to a straight one. And I guess you are trying to say that there are no photons rather there is just a static wave.
Whenever I see a little flash video of a propagating light wave they always animate it as the phase constantly moving and the speed of the phase change is the speed of light. However as is seen in the photoresist the light does not travel that way otherwise the sidewalls would not be scalloped in accordance to the wavelength, they would just be flat... do you sort of see my confusion?
Classical photolithography on its most basic level is pretty much shining light through a mask (pattern containing quartz glass) and onto a substrate coated with photoresist. With positive resist the regions exposed to light will be developed away. The light sources used in these cases emit have output peaks at very specific wavelengths. So ideally just one wavelength is emitted from the source.
The kicker is that the light's incident angle to the resist is ideally 0 degrees so I don't really understand how an interference pattern can be generated vertically.
Well, whatever the process is, you need at least two light paths from the same source to get interference patters. A single path will not do it. Does the mask include the equivalent of narrow parallel slits that allow the light to pass through adjacent slits, thus interfering with itself?
If not, perhaps it's just some simple vibration that allows the light beam to have a sinusoidal pattern.
I thought it was pretty clear from the name that you've set up a standing wave in the photoresist from the combination of the incident and wafer-reflected light. This phenomenon can be eliminated or reduced by including an anti-reflection coating on the wafer, below the photoresist. The light needs to be monochromatic and a plane wave for this to happen, but that appears to be the case in a deep UV stepper.
So if one photon were emitted from the source and we were able to track its movement would it or would it not move along a sinusoidal path? And also if we were to look straight down on the photon with it moving directly away from us, what dictates the rotational orientation of it's path?
From what I understand, and please correct me if I am wrong, but the trajetory of a single electron is "particle like" and that is why we can direct it at a phosphorescent material on a screen. Both the electron and the photon present the duality behavior, and that is that they have both behaviors, like a particle and a wave.
I know that a laser is a stream of photons, and a photon is the smallest unit of electromagnetic radiation, we can emit single photons, like particles, and have them behave like any particle having mass, aiming it at a target. This to me says that the particle moves in a straight line, but the "Color" or spectrum/wavelength of the particle is also measurable, and that to me is that it is behaving like a wave.


Is this the best relationship book of all time?
Falling in love is easy, it's staying in love that's the real challenge. Enter author, speaker, and counselor Gary Chapman's best-selling relationship book, .
Full disclosure: This book was first published in 1995, so it's not exactly new. In fact, it's been on the New York Times Best Seller list since 2009. But even after nearly 25 years, people are still singing its praises, saying that Chapman's advice is as relevant as ever. In fact, nearly 13,000 people have given it an average rating of 4.8 on Amazon.
Chapman's belief is simple: In our relationships, we all speak a different love language. Some people place more value on words of encouragement or quality time, while others crave acts of service and physical touch. The key to a happy, long lasting, and easy marriage, he says, is pinpointing each partner's love language and learning to speak it yourself.
Want to find out your own love language? Just answer a From there, the book offers questions, discussions, and activities so that you and your partner can better understand each other.
"My husband bought this, and at first I was offended. I didn't think anything was wrong with us and I took it as kind of a personal attack. However, we started reading it together and it has just strengthened our marriage. It has helped me realize that we are two different people at the core, so what works for me isn't what best works for him and vise versa. I would recommend to anybody in a relationship that wants it to be long lasting!"
"I truly believe everyone could benefit from reading this book, even if you aren't in a relationship! I have learned so much about myself and it has made my relationship so much stronger, I wish I would have bought it sooner."
The bottom line: At just $9, there's no harm in giving Chapman's advice a shot. You (and your partner) may end up being pleasantly surprised.


Problem: How does soap, alcohol, and temperature differences affect the dissolution speed of water?
1.You will work in-groups of three. You will need a clear plastic cup of warm water and an eyedropper holding some food coloring (red or blue). Also get some ethyl alcohol and dish soap.
2. Place a drop of food coloring in a cup of water. Record how many seconds it takes to completely dissolve in the water?
3. Place one or two ice cubes in the cup of water. Place a drop of food coloring on an ice cube. What happened?
4. Place a drop of food coloring in the cold water. How many seconds did it take for the food coloring to completely dissolve in the cold water?
5. Place a drop of food coloring in a cup of water. Add a few drops of alcohol. How does the alcohol affect the solution?
6. Add a drop of food coloring to a cup of warm water. How many seconds does it take for the coloring to dissolve completely in the warm water?
7. Add another drop of food coloring to the water. Then add a few drops of dish soap to the water. What happened?
8. When you are completely finished you should make a bar graph representing the solutions versus time of dissolving.
Note: You should develop a data table for this lab. You should fold the paper in half vertically and in thirds horizontal, as shown to the right.
For steps 2 through 7 you should draw a picture of what happens and record the respective times in each box. Make sure to label which step is represented by each box (#'s 2-7).
3. What is Active Transport?


Things in a series require commas: "he, she, and I." Some teachers allow the second comma to be omitted; not I. It is there to avoid confusion. Use it. (Regrettably, most journalists don't.) Also, in a list of adjectives before a noun, if the word "and" can be inserted but is not, substitute a comma: "the green, ugly, scum-covered lake." Such rules are not as arbitrary and pointless as they seem. Not too long ago, a millionaire left his fortune to his children, "Brad, Joe and Suzie." The lawyer administering the estate gave half the money to Brad, the other half to Joe and Suzie. Joe and Suzie sued claiming that daddy meant to leave an equal third to each. The judge looked at the punctuation and ruled otherwise. We cannot know the intention of the author, especially when he is dead; we only know what the author wrote.
the emphasis is on the image of the elephant being torch-eyed and horrible, not death. Frost's famous line "The woods are lovely, dark and deep" is much better without the comma before the "and." With the comma, as some versions have it, "lovely," "dark," and "deep," all define the woods equally. Without the comma, "dark and deep" become a quality of loveliness. Police in Baltimore recently killed a murderer who had taken a boy hostage. As the Post's article put it, "The SWAT team burst into the tiny row house, killed Palczynski as he allegedly stirred and saved the boy." Who saved the boy? According to the Post, without a second comma before the "and," credit has to go to Palczynski and not to the police. So be careful out there.
4. Introductory and final phrases which (whoops! should be "that") might cause confusion or create ambiguity should have commas: "Heading for the green, Dad forgot his golf clubs." Note that without the comma the reader would automatically read "Heading for the green Dad . . ." In the same category, note the difference between a "new hip joint" and a "new, hip joint." Which one would you get from your doctor? . Other uses of the comma include • a direct address when the person's name or title is included: "Love me, daddy, all night long."
before a quotation: He said, "My heart is aflame or maybe it's gas."
contrasted elements set aside: "I asked for a piece of pie, not pizza pie, when I called."
Note that in all of these, the underlying rule is to avoid ambiguity and confusion. Use the least amount of punctuation needed to keep your meaning clear. If you are not sure if you need a comma, try to imagine how another reader might misunderstand your intent if the commas were left out.
My best advice on semicolons is not to use them or use them with great care. I rarely see them used correctly on college papers. Faulkner could not have written without them. But you are not Faulkner, and Faulkner was not writing for a college class.
If you must know, used correctly the semicolon substitutes for a period to join two closely related ideas. In other words, it should not be used to set off phrases at either end of a sentence that could not otherwise stand alone as independent sentences. So why not use a period? "I am going to the library; Jill is going to the market" is an example of the proper use of a semicolon. "Jill is going to the market; the one near the end of town" is an example of the incorrect use of a semicolon. I most often see semicolons connecting two phrases that are joined in contrast to each other; however, this convention is overused.
Phrases in a series also take semicolons instead of commas if there are commas within the phrases. This helps to separate the things that are being serialized from the extraneous information. For instance, when I am grading papers, I like to sit in a chair, a green one; to use a red pen, preferably a felt-tip; and to torture small animals, either hamsters or mice.


But it may be asked, Is there no grace in all that is done by the Holy Spirit to make man wise unto salvation? Yes, indeed, I answer. And it is grace, and great grace, just because the doctrine of a natural inability in man to obey God is not true. It is just because man is well able to render obedience, and unjustly refuses to do so, that all the influence that God brings to bear upon him to make him willing, is a gift and an influence of grace. The grace is great, just in proportion to the sinner's ability to comply with God's requirements, and the strength of his voluntary opposition to his duty. If man were properly unable to obey, there could be no grace in giving him ability to obey, when the bestowment of ability is considered relatively to the command. But let man be regarded as free, as possessing natural ability to obey all the requirements of God, and all his difficulty as consisting in a wicked heart, or, which is the same thing, in an unwillingness to obey, then an influence on the part of God designed and tending to make him willing, is grace indeed. But strip man of his freedom, render him naturally unable to obey, and you render grace impossible, so far as his obligation to obedience is concerned.
But it is urged in support of the dogma of natural inability and of a gracious ability, that the Bible everywhere represents man as dependent on the gracious influence of the Holy Spirit for all holiness, and consequently for eternal life. I answer, it is admitted that this is the representation of the Bible, but the question is, in what sense is he dependent? Does his dependence consist in a natural inability to embrace the gospel and be saved? Or does it consist in a voluntary selfishness in an unwillingness to comply with the terms of salvation? Is man dependent on the Holy Spirit to give him a proper ability to obey God or is he dependent only in such a sense that, as a matter of fact, he will not embrace the gospel unless the Holy Spirit makes him willing? The latter, beyond reasonable question, is the truth. This is the universal representation of scripture. The difficulty to be overcome is everywhere in the Bible represented to be the sinner's unwillingness alone. It cannot possibly be anything else; for the willingness is the doing required by God. "If there is first a willing mind, it is accepted according to that a man hath, and not according to that he hath not" (2 Cor. 8:12).
But it is said, if man can be willing of himself, what need of divine persuasion or influence to make him willing? I might ask, suppose a man is able but unwilling to pay his debts, what need of any influence to make him willing? Why, divine influence is needed to make a sinner willing, or to induce him to will as God directs, just for the same reason that persuasion, entreaty, argument, or the rod, is needed to make our children submit their wills to ours. The fact therefore that the Bible represents the sinner as in some sense dependent upon divine influence for a right heart, no more implies a proper inability in the sinner, than the fact that children are dependent for their good behavior, oftentimes, upon the thorough and timely discipline of their parents, implies a proper inability in them to obey their parents without chastisement.
The Bible everywhere, and in every way, assumes the freedom of the will. This fact stands out in strong relief upon every page of divine inspiration. But this is only the assumption necessarily made by the universal intelligence of man. The strong language often found in scripture upon the subject of man's inability to obey God, is designed only to represent the strength of his voluntary selfishness and enmity against God, and never to imply a proper natural inability. It is, therefore, a gross and most injurious perversion of scripture, as well as a contradiction of human reason, to deny the natural ability, or which is the same thing, the natural free agency of man, and to maintain a proper natural inability to obey God, and the absurd dogma of a gracious ability to do our duty.
1. The question of ability is one of great practical importance. To deny the ability of man to obey the commandments of God, is to represent God as a hard master, as requiring a natural impossibility of His creatures on pain of eternal damnation. This necessarily begets in the mind that believes it hard thoughts of God. The intelligence cannot be satisfied with the justice of such a requisition. In fact, so far as this error gets possession of the mind and gains assent, just so far it naturally and necessarily excuses itself for disobedience, or for not complying with the commandments of God.
2. The moral inability of Edwards is a real natural inability, and so it has been understood by sinners and professors of religion. When I entered the ministry, I found the persuasion of an absolute inability on the part of sinners to repent and believe the gospel, almost universal. When I urged sinners and professors of religion to do their duty without delay, I frequently met with stern opposition from sinners, professors of religion, and ministers. They desired me to say to sinners, that they could not repent, and that they must wait God's time, that is, for God to help them. It was common for the classes of persons just named to ask me, if I thought sinners could be Christians whenever they pleased, and whether I thought that any class of persons could repent, believe, and obey God without the strivings and new-creating power of the Holy Spirit. The church was almost universally settled down in the belief of a physical moral depravity, and, of course, in a belief in the necessity of a physical regeneration, and also of course in the belief, that sinners must wait to be regenerated by divine power while they were passive. Professors also must wait to be revived, until God, in mysterious sovereignty, came and revived them. As to revivals of religion, they were settled down in the belief to a great extent, that man had no more agency in producing them than in producing showers of rain. To attempt to effect the conversion of a sinner, or to promote a revival, was an attempt to take the work out of the hands of God, to go to work in your own strength, and to set sinners and professors to do the same. The vigorous use of means and measures to promote a work of grace, was regarded by many as impious. It was getting up an excitement of animal feeling, and wickedly interfering with the prerogative of God. The abominable dogmas of physical moral depravity, or a sinful constitution, with a consequent natural, falsely called moral, inability, and the necessity of a physical and passive regeneration, had chilled the heart of the church, and lulled sinners into a fatal sleep. This is the natural tendency of such doctrines.
3. Let it be distinctly understood before we close this subject, that we do not deny, but strenuously maintain, that the whole plan of salvation, and all the influences, both providential and spiritual, which God exerts in the conversion, sanctification, and salvation, of sinners, is grace from first to last, and that I deny the dogma of a gracious ability, because it robs God of His glory. It really denies the grace of the gospel. The abettors of this scheme, in contending for the grace of the gospel, really deny it. What grace can there be, that should surprise heaven and earth, and cause "the angels to desire to look into it" (1 Peter 1:12), in bestowing ability on those who never had any, and, of course, who never cast away their ability to obey the requirements of God? According to them all men lost their ability in Adam, and not by their own act. God still required obedience of them upon pain of eternal death. Now He might, according to this view of the subject, just as reasonably command all men, on pain of eternal death, to fly, or to undo all that Adam had done, or perform any other natural impossibility, as to command them to be holy, to repent and believe the gospel. Now, I ask again, what possible grace was there, or could there be, in His giving them power to obey Him? To have required the obedience without giving the power had been infinitely unjust. To admit the assumption, that men had really lost their ability to obey in Adam, and call this bestowment of ability for which they contend, grace, is an abuse of language, an absurdity and a denial of the true grace of the gospel not to be tolerated. I reject the dogma of a gracious ability, because it involves a denial of the true grace of the gospel. I maintain that the gospel, with all its influences, including the gift of the Holy Spirit, to convict, convert, and sanctify the soul, is a system of grace throughout. But to maintain this, I must also maintain, that God might justly have required obedience of men without making these provisions for them. And to maintain the justice of God in requiring obedience, I must admit and maintain that obedience was possible to man.
Let it not be said then, that we deny the grace of the glorious gospel of the blessed God, nor that we deny the reality and necessity of the influences of the Holy Spirit to convert and sanctify the soul, nor that this influence is a gracious one; for all these we most strenuously maintain. But I maintain this upon the ground, that men are able to do their duty, and that the difficulty does not lie in a proper inability, but in a voluntary selfishness, in an unwillingness to obey the blessed gospel. I say again, that I reject the dogma of a gracious ability, as I understand its abettors to hold it, not because I deny, but solely because it denies the grace of the gospel. The denial of ability is really a denial of the possibility of grace in the affair of man's salvation. I admit the ability of man, and hold that he is able, but utterly unwilling to obey God. Therefore I consistently hold that all the influences exerted by God to make him willing, are of free grace abounding through Christ Jesus.