What is the most important information I should know about cefotaxime?
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to cefotaxime or to similar antibiotics, such as cefdinir (Omnicef), cefprozil (Cefzil), cefuroxime (Ceftin), cephalexin (Keflex), and others.
Cefotaxime is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic. It works by fighting bacteria in your body.
Cefotaxime is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms. Cefotaxime is also used to prevent infections in people having surgery.
Cefotaxime may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What should I discuss with my health care provider before using cefotaxime?
if you also take furosemide.
Cefotaxime can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I use cefotaxime?
Cefotaxime is injected into a muscle or into a vein through an IV. It is sometimes given through a central IV line placed into a large vein in your chest. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not give yourself this medicine if you do not understand how to use the injection and properly dispose of needles, IV tubing, and other items used.
Cefotaxime must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before using it. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store the medication.
Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Cefotaxime will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold.
This medication can cause unusual results with certain lab tests for glucose (sugar) in the urine. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using cefotaxime.
If your medicine is frozen when you receive it, keep it frozen until you are ready to use the medicine. It is best to store the medicine in a deep freezer at a temperature of 4 degrees below 0.
To use the medicine, thaw it in a refrigerator or at room temperature. Do not warm in a microwave or boiling water. Keep thawed medicine in the refrigerator and use it within 10 days after thawing it. Do not refreeze thawed medicine.
If you are receiving this medicine at a clinic, call your doctor if you miss an appointment for your injection.
Overdose symptoms may include weakness, cold feeling, pale skin, blue lips, or seizure (convulsions).
What should I avoid while using cefotaxime?
What are the possible side effects of cefotaxime?
itching or mild skin rash.
What other drugs will affect cefotaxime?
Cefotaxime can harm your kidneys. This effect is increased when you also use certain other medicines, including: antivirals, chemotherapy, injected antibiotics, medicine for bowel disorders, medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection, injectable osteoporosis medication, and some pain or arthritis medicines (including aspirin, Tylenol, Advil, and Aleve).
Other drugs may interact with cefotaxime, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.
Your pharmacist can provide more information about cefotaxime.
Copyright 1996-2018 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 6.02. Revision date: 4/5/2017.


Layers upon layers of moist cake and ice cream is like heaven on a plate.
1. Preheat oven to 350°F/177° C.
2. Grease and line 6- inch round pan and one 6-inch pan line with plastic. Set aside.
1. (K) In a mixing bowl, combine and mix egg, water, oil and chocolate cake mix and beat until smooth.
2. (K) Pour mixture into prepared pan and spread evenly.
3. Bake for 30-35 minutes or until done. Cool.
4. Slice diagonally into two layers. Set aside.
1. (K) Put 10-12 pieces of chocolate wafers into food processor add in honey and butter.
2. Process until very fine in texture. Set aside.
1. Place one slice of chocolate cake in a prepared pan with plastic.
2. (K) Top with mango ice cream, freeze. Top with strawberry ice cream, freeze again.
3. (K) Layer with wafer then put mango ice cream, freeze.
4. (K) Put another layer of avocado ice cream, freeze. Top with a slice of pound cake.
5. Spread a little of any flavoured ice cream on top then top with the last slice of chocolate cake.
6. Freeze until ready to serve.


It isn't surprising for most parents to find that having children can be stressful. What might be unexpected is that parents of three children are more likely to be stressed by parenthood than even the parents of larger broods.
The Today Show's website conducted a survey that returned some surprising results. Although it is expected that a parent of three children might have more stress than a parent with fewer children, what was surprising was that these parents were more stressed than parents of more children.
In fact, the study of approximately 7,000 parents revealed that parents of four children were the least stressed of all the parents polled. Psychologists have explained that by the fourth or fifth child, a parent tends to focus less on perfectionism as a parent. The fourth child is typically the point when a parent realizes that they do not have the time nor mental faculties to devote to perfection for each of their children. Instead, they become a bit more relaxed.
For most parents, the limited time they have to devote to their children's needs is their biggest source of stress. In fact, this was found to be an issue for 60 percent of the people polled. Unfortunately for parents of three children, their time is now divided among three children, but the parents are not yet able to admit that they can't (and maybe shouldn't) strive for perfectionism.
Compounding these parents' frustration is that they become stressed that they are stressed. Seventy-two percent of the parents polled cited their stress as a factor that caused them to be more stressed. These parents feel that if they were better parents, they wouldn't be so harried. So, their stress levels become proof that they are doing something wrong, which causes further stress in a never-ending cycle.
However, it isn't just the parents of three children who are more stressed than their peers. Parents of daughters are also notably more stressed than the parents of boys.
Although the results study didn't include any information on the parents of transgender or gender non-conforming children, the parents of daughters indicated higher stress levels than the parents of boys.
This doesn't necessarily mean that the girls, themselves, are more difficult. There are some strong societal factors that make raising a daughter more difficult than raising a son. Girls often have more expectations regarding their behavior, their attire, and their body than boys do, which can create outside pressure on girls as well as their parents.
If you know someone with three children, or even someone raising daughters, make sure they give this article a read. It might just make them feel a little better to know they aren't alone.


As Jews celebrate Purim this Saturday night, a surprising figure could be making an appearance in some synagogues: Steve Bannon. What might the controversial presidential adviser have to do with the Jewish holiday?
Purim celebrates the deliverance of the Jews of ancient Persia from death at the hands of an evil government official named Haman. The story, told in the Book of Esther, shows how the beautiful Esther, with her cousin Mordechai's guidance, became queen and helped turn the tables on Haman. Esther opened King Ahasuerus' eyes to Haman's designs and thus saved the Jews. Purim is a classic Jewish holiday. As the old joke goes, "They tried to kill us. We won. Let's eat."
But there's more to Purim than eating. Jews are required to hear the tale read from the Book of Esther, to give gifts of food to at least two other Jews, and to participate in a festive meal that includes certain holiday-specific blessings. Many Jews also dress in costume and attend a humorous play at their synagogue.
Some Shpiels last year featured then-candidate Donald Trump as Haman. New York Jewish Week's Gary Rosenblatt predicts even more such comparisons this year, albeit with the roles tweaked. As president, Mr. Trump will likely stand in as King Ahasuerus. Mr. Bannon, a close adviser, would take the role of Haman. Anyone considering these designations should reconsider.
Many if not most Jews disagree with Mr. Bannon on a host of issues, and they are also uncomfortable with his giving a platform to the alt-right while at Breitbart. Yet it is still inaccurate and unfair to lump in Mr. Bannon with the likes of Hitler and Hussein. The adviser said in an interview published in these pages that Breitbart supports Israel and opposes the boycott, divestment and sanctions movement. He added, "We've been a leader on reporting on the terrible plight of the Jews in Europe." This sounds more like what the Anti-Defamation League's agenda should be than the platform of a modern-day Haman.
Comparing Mr. Bannon, or any Trump aide, to Haman diminishes the true threats that Jews face in a dangerous world. A political figure, even one with whom you disagree, is not worthy of comparison with someone who paid a pliable king 10,000 talents of silver for the "privilege" of slaughtering the Jews. The suggestion that the two are alike will only undermine legitimate criticism of Mr. Bannon.
Most Jews are Democrats, but many are not, especially those in the Orthodox community. The Hamanization of Trump aides threatens badly needed Jewish unity and could also turn off otherwise sympathetic gentiles.
There is a religious issue here as well. One of the 613 biblical commandments is to remember and pursue the destruction of Haman's evil nation of Amalek. Deuteronomy 25:17-19, which lays out this obligation, is read annually on the Sabbath before Purim. Declaring someone to have Amalek-like status is a serious designation, not to be doled out lightly, even in a humorous Shpiel.
Many Jews want to defeat Messrs. Trump and Bannon politically. If they want to succeed, they should come up with a new vocabulary for political disagreement, one that maintains political credibility and avoids unnecessary demonization. In the spirit of Purim, all of us should aim to maintain the joy and the frivolity of the holiday, without exacerbating tensions. Now, let's eat.
Mr. Troy, a former deputy secretary of health and human services, is the author of "Shall We Wake the President? Two Centuries of Disaster Management from the Oval Office" (Lyons Press, 2016).


Audience Awareness: When and How Does It Develop? When do students actually think of their audience when they are writing? I would say early in life but this article has some other views.
A strong case can be made for teachers to use audience-oriented teaching strategies that encourage children to write for a wide range of readers. Examples of such assignments would be to have the student write letters or something that would be read by parents, friends, local community leaders, or sports heroes. Yet questions remain about how writers, especially student writers, actually learn to consider an audience of readers. These questions involve complex issues that are current topics of investigation.
Can teachers expect students as young as those in elementary school to write with an audience in mind? Research suggests that a developmental trend exists in which children gradually develop a sense of audience in their writing.
Young children apparently understand that they can use writing to communicate with a reader, and they intend to write in a manner that demonstrates this understanding. Kroll (1984) found that nine-year-old children wrote letters in which clear problem statements and explicit requests for help indicated audience awareness. "Few of the letters manifested either gross egocentrism or a blatant disregard for the reader's needs." (p.425) Yet the nine year olds frequently did not provide essential information about themselves or instructions so the reader could respond to the letter.
Computer Lesson Plans for Tired Teachers. Free lesson plans and lesson plan books to support you using computers in the classroom.
When teachers run out of ideas, this is what they use!"
Now you can access over 300 lesson plans and lesson ideas for use with word processors, spreadsheets, databases, paint programs, the Internet and Microsoft software such as Word, Access.
Model Early Foreign Language Programs: Key Elements. What makes for a good elementary foreign language program? This essay has some ideas.
Schools and school districts across the United States are establishing and expanding foreign language programs. Although most programs are found at the secondary school level, an increasing number are being established in elementary schools. A survey by the Center for Applied Linguistics indicates that 31% of U.S. elementary schools are offering foreign language instruction, up from 22% a decade ago (Rhodes & Branaman, 1999).
In the late 1990s, the U.S. Department of Education funded an effort to identify early foreign language programs that could serve as models for schools or districts interested in establishing or enhancing early-start, long-sequence foreign language programs. Seven model programs were identified through a nomination and selection process informed by the national standards for foreign language education and by research on effective language instruction for elementary and middle school students (Curtain & Pesola, 1994; National Standards in Foreign Language Education Project, 1999). The programs selected met specified criteria in the areas of curriculum, outcomes, ongoing evaluation, coordination with content areas, articulation from elementary to secondary school, accessibility, student diversity, professional development opportunities, and community support. Although the seven programs represent a range of program models and instructional strategies, they had a number of critical elements in common. This digest describes these elements, which are deemed key to the long-term success of early foreign language programs.


Let's get one thing straight from the get-go: Mary James, the singer, songwriter, and banjo/fiddle/guitar player also known as Mean Mary, is not mean at all. The name comes from a song she and her mother wrote before James was even in kindergarten called "Mean Mary from Alabam."
"I started playing really young, and my mom was a big help with that," she says. "It was great having that kind of support. Besides co-writing songs with me, she sometimes travels with me and does videography for my performances and my cable access show. I've even put my husband to work as a photographer. As an independent musician, you need all the help you can get, and I have lots of it. It's a blessing."
These days, she's a dazzling multi-instrumentalist who emphasizes her sparkling banjo playing but is equally adept on fiddle and guitar. In addition to releasing three albums and touring solo, she's also recorded and toured with her brother Frank (as Mean Mary & the Contrarys). James hosts a Nashville cable-access, documentary-style show called Never Ending Street that depicts the life of a touring musician — and she's an author to boot, having co-written four novels with her mother, Jean.
James' music is a blend of folk, bluegrass, and blues, but centering her songwriting efforts on one instrument, the banjo, has been helpful in focusing her sound. "When you play multiple instruments, you spread your time between them, and it's been a lot of fun centering just on one instrument over the last few years and writing instrumentals specifically for it," she says. "And it's not necessarily bluegrass, though a lot of people think of the banjo as specifically a bluegrass instrument. I like to mix everything from blues to folk-rock into what I write."
Another important aspect of Mean Mary's sound is James' resonant, emotional vocal performances, though there was a time that she thought she'd have to retire from performing. In her mid-teens, James was in a car accident that paralyzed her right vocal cord. It was only after extensive rehabilitation that she was able to sing again.
"I was in California working in the movie industry, and I'd kind of pushed the music to the side, because it felt like old news. After the accident, I realized how important music was to me and what a blessing it is to be able to make music and sing. And that completely changed my outlook on what I'd been doing my whole life. It also made me appreciate the fact that I played instruments. It was very glamorous to be out front and sing, especially as a young girl. And it was only when I couldn't sing that I realized that I could still play music. I still had the opportunity to make music even if my vocal cord never got better."
The resolve she learned during recovery probably comes in handy for James; she's an independent artist who handles virtually every aspect of her career herself. "I could sit here and list all the pros and cons at length, but really, it's great because there's no middleman," James says. "You can reach out directly to your fans and have so much better of a relationship. The essence of making music is the connection between the musicians and the people who listen to the music."
"But you also have to become a businessperson," she adds. "That's one of the drawbacks, because it can take away from your creative side, working on things like publicity, booking yourself, and managing yourself. But you have the control that musicians used to not have, because somebody else was calling the shots. I'm happy with it. I'm a little more tired sometimes, but all in all, it's really great for the artist to have more freedom. And the people that listen to the music get to have more of a say in what they want to hear by putting their money behind a project."
The project that Mean Mary's fans are currently putting their money behind is a new album called Sweet, which is being crowdfunded on Indiegogo. It's been more than two years since Mean Mary's last album, Year of the Sparrow, and James says she's anxious to release new material. "Sometimes when you record an album, you get so wrapped up in every aspect of it that by the time you're done with it, you feel like you never want to record again," she says. "But these last two years, I've really built up my excitement by writing new songs and getting new ideas, and it feels so fresh now. I think my music has taken on new directions; I think it's more upbeat. I feel like there are a lot more rhythm-driven songs that feel really good. I'm super excited about it."


THIS REVIEW CONTAINS MAJOR SPOILERS FOR STAR TREK (2009). DO NOT READ THIS REVIEW UNTIL YOU SEE THE FILM (unless of course you have no interest in seeing it).
Every lasting mythology needs reinvention. That includes popular culture. The stories of Tarzan, Sherlock Holmes, Dracula, Superman and others have been reimagined by dozens of different writers, artists and actors across the decades. And yet, whether played by Johnny Weissmuller or Rony Ely, whether written by Edgar Rice Burroughs or Philip Jose Farmer, Tarzan remains instantly recognizable as Tarzan. Any child or senior citizen can identify any photo or drawing of Superman, no matter the artist or actor.
For a long time, Star Trek was a curious exception to this phenomenon; Shatner's Kirk, Nimoy's Spock, Kelley's McCoy and all the others seemed to lock actor and character together, seemingly forever. The story of Kirk's Enterprise had a beginning, a middle, and an end, and instead of reinvention, sequel series, some of them very good, others mediocre to awful, were created. Of all the figures in the Star Trek stories created by Gene Roddenberry and his inheritors, it has always been the original crew who had the best chance of making the leap from short-lived pop culture phenomenon to enduring mythology. A mission of exploration, a heroic leader, a shamanic outsider, an emotional, everyman healer, their stalward companions, each a recognizable ethnic and character type - these are the perfect elements for the kinds of myths that could be told and retold for hundreds of years.
Until now, however, Star Trek's endurance was by no means a sure thing. I believe, for all its flaws and all its merits, JJ Abrams' new Star Trek film is the key to giving these characters the same longevity as other, earlier figures of popular culture.
The film is brash, gorgeous, and most of all, fun. The plot is driven too much by coincidence and some laughable science (the vastness of the universe seems about the size of a modest backyard, given the travel times), but if these hiccups are overlooked (and many audience members won't even notice), Star Trek is the kind of movie that people will see more than once in theatres - and in these days of DVDs and downloads, that's a rare thing indeed.
The film's greatest strengths are its loveable characters, engaging performances, a wry sense of humour and a powerful emotional core.
Every actor delivers a note-perfect performance.
There are no mocking imitations here of William Shatner's often-parodied line delivery; Chris Pine's Kirk is utterly, believably the hero we grew up with, cast in a new guise, with a new attitude, but still Kirk to the core.
Zachary Quinto shows no trace of Sylar (his villainous role from television's Heroes); rather, he gives us a new interpretation of everyone's favourite Vulcan, a Spock under desperate new circumstances, a situation Nimoy's Spock never in his worst nightmares had to face.
There are moments when Karl Urban's turn as Dr. Leonard McCoy seem to draw upon the spirit of DeForest Kelley himself; I'm not a believer in the afterlife, but when watching the character's introduction, I felt Kelley's approving presence manifesting itself within McCoy's new actor. It was eerie and comforting and wonderful, and I hope Urban/McCoy is given more screen time in the sequel. It's been too long since this character's humanizing touch has been felt.
Zoe Saldana's Uhura is smart, compassionate and tough - at last, a story in which this too-often-underused character makes a real difference, and has an emotional arc of her own.
John Cho's Sulu is less developed due to limited screen time, but an actor better known for light comedy definitely shows great potential here as the swashbuckling helmsman. Likewise Anton Yelchin as Chekov, a 17 year old prodigy in this incarnation, with an incomprensible accent and a penchant for saving the day.
Simon Pegg as engineer Scotty was the one casting choice that made me think "Cool!" and "Oh no!" at the same time. I wasn't sure if the hero of Sean of the Dead and Hot Fuzz would make a convincing miracle worker, but Pegg nails it with a lighthearted performance that neatly sidesteps cliche, if only just.
Bruce Greenwood as Captain Pike plays a pivotal role as inspiration and mentor - the kind of guy you'd want to follow into the unknown. And Eric Bana's Nero is sufficiently desperate to provide the film's necessary menace.
My favourite performance, though, was that of Leonard Nimoy as the elder Spock. Nimoy shows us that Spock has grown even wiser in the years since we last saw his character (chronologically, in a two part episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, back in 1991). He's warm, brave, compassionate and inspirational, and Nimoy seems to relish stepping back into the role to pass the torch to his younger counterpart.
This is an origin story. We see the childhoods of both James Kirk and Spock, in brief but revealing scenes that capture why and how these boys grew into the mythic figures that would be admired by millions. In one of film's best scenes, a gifted but bitter Kirk gets into a horrendous bar brawl; we see his amazing potential, hindered by the tragic circumstances of his birth and flawed upbringing. But a new father figure, Captain Christopher Pike, offers a second chance in a short but inspirational speech that gives young Kirk the opportunity to realize his full potential.
"I dare you to do better," Pike says, and this line isn't just a challenge to one man, but a reflection of the Star Trek philosophy, namely that humanity as a whole should be dared to do better: to clean up our environment, to work together in peace, to reach out for the stars and keep pushing to new and greater heights. Earth is a clean, utopian world in this film as it has always been in this myth, and it became so because men like Pike - and before him, figures real and imaginary - dared their fellow citizens to do better. This is the most important message in the film, and it's thematically repeated at later points in the movie: Kirk challenges Spock, Future Spock (Nimoy) challenges Kirk, Kirk challenges the Academy, Spock challenges his unknowlingly racist peers.
I saw more than a few tears being held back at a couple of key moments in the film - the tragic circumstances of James T. Kirk's birth, and Mr. Spock's terrible loss a couple of decades later. And perhaps most of all, by Spock's father Sarek's confession to his son in the wake of that loss.
The film isn't perfect. The movie rushes to put all the character pieces in place by the end of the film, with the result that promotions that would normally take years to achieve occur in days (on the other hand, if you were presented with an Academy graduate that quite literally saved the planet Earth itself, would you not perhaps be inclined to put him in charge of a starship?). Stellar distances are compressed to the point of nonsense. And too many plot points depend upon vast coincidence (and again, the stories of Edgar Rice Burroughs are infamous for this, and yet they remain enjoyable). And if you think too hard about the strategy of the main villain, the plot falls apart completely.
But even in the face of these misssteps, Star Trek remains full of wonderful character moments, thrilling action, and gorgeous spectacle. My favourite visual in the film is that of the Enterprise rising from the clouds of Titan, with majestic Saturn looming in the backgroud. That image alone gave me a chill and a sense of wonder, something I haven't felt in a movie for some time.
With Star Trek's characters and setting recast in a fresh new light, the story of Kirk's Enterprise takes its place alongside the great 20th century myths of pop culture. The human adventure really is just beginning.
I liked how they covered everything that didn't agree with previous Star Trek mythology with the plot premise. I agree, the McCoy character, if I closed my eyes, was DeForest Kelley onscreen.
I can't give it a 10 out of 10 because the characters are too new to override the love of the old ones, but it might come with future movies. A very promising start.
That sense of wonder is what struck me the most. That first hour, I had a goofy open-mouthed smile on my face the entire time. I enjoyed myself much more than I could've hoped for.
The film felt... big, in a good way. Big in ambition, big in scope and depth, big in visuals, big in real character development. Bigger than most of the movies after Star Trek 4. I happened to catch a piece of one of the ST:TNG films on TV the other day and I sat through Picard, Worf and Data's dune buggy escape scene.
I winced. Often. Despite the bigger budgets, many of the later movies felt like, at best, an average TV episode. J.J. Abrams' "Star Trek" feels like a feature film, one that is well worth seeing again on the big screen.
Many agree, and are saying so with their wallets. Estimates are that it will bring in $76.5 million on its opening weekend, coming in well on the high side of expectations.
Thank goodness. There will be more. I can't wait.
A friend asked me how I would rate this movie amongst the other Star Trek movies. It took me a bit to think it out, and I wouldn't rate this movie tops. Although you spelled out the message succinctly, Earl, I didn't see it as clearly throughout all the action and angst. The success of Star Trek originates from the legacy that Gene Roddenberry started in weaving science fiction with a poignant message about current society. Who (besides Earl) can think of striving to do better when Vulcan is imploding?
Still, I enjoyed the movie, and I loved the characters. I spent the days before the movie reading how the actors prepared to step into mighty big boots of the original portrayal. The result was a success. They made me laugh and cry. This film expanded the scope of the beloved, familiar crew in new ways, but remained natural and true to their characters, even if it was suprising in a few instances.
1) He always substitutes characters by using personalities instead.
2) He always substitutes storytelling with predicament.
By way of contrast, go look at "There Will Be Blood", which is a monumental picture driven by a supremely compelling character study, and a script that has a depth of story that goes far beyond solving Crisis A, moving on to Crisis B, and so on.
Waching the new "Star Trek", I think that's a valid enough criticism. Another would be along the lines of "who cares about criticism??"
I'm still not convinced that cinema will be saved by J.J. Abrams. He's not going to make the next Citizen Kane. But he knows how to play to the audience. Looks like that's what Trek really needs right now, too.


This module provides a set of predicates for list processing.
nonsingle/1, append/3, reverse/2, reverse/3, delete/3, delete_non_ground/3, select/3, length/2, nth/3, add_after/4, add_before/4, dlist/3, list_concat/2, list_insert/2, insert_last/3, contains_ro/2, contains1/2, nocontainsx/2, last/2, list_lookup/3, list_lookup/4, intset_insert/3, intset_delete/3, intset_in/2, intset_sequence/3, intersection/3, union/3, difference/3, equal_lists/2, list_to_list_of_lists/2, powerset/2, cross_product/2, sequence_to_list/2.
X is not a singleton.
Zs is Ys appended to Xs.
(native_props:mshare/1)The sharing pattern for the variables in the clause is [[X,Y,Z],[X,Z],[Y,Z]].
(term_typing:ground/1)Xs is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)Ys is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)Zs is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(basic_props:eval/1)append(Xs,Ys,Zs) is evaluable at compile-time.
Reverses the order of elements in Xs.
(basic_props:eval/1)reverse(Xs,_Ys) is evaluable at compile-time.
Reverse the order of elements in A, and append it with B.
(basic_props:eval/1)reverse(Xs,Ys,Zs) is evaluable at compile-time.
L2 is L1 without the ocurrences of E.
(term_typing:ground/1)L1 is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(term_typing:ground/1)L2 is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(basic_props:eval/1)delete(L1,E,L2) is evaluable at compile-time.
(basic_props:eval/1)delete_non_ground(L1,E,L2) is evaluable at compile-time.
Xs and Ys have the same elements except for one occurrence of X.
(term_typing:ground/1)X is currently ground (it contains no variables).
(basic_props:eval/1)select(X,Xs,Ys) is evaluable at compile-time.
Computes the length of L.
(term_typing:var/1)N is a free variable.
Outputs L of length N.
Checks that L is of length N.
(basic_props:eval/1)length(L,N) is evaluable at compile-time.
(term_typing:integer/1)N is currently instantiated to an integer.
N is the position in List of Elem. N counts from one.
Unifies Elem and the Nth element of List.
Finds the positions where Elem is in List. Positions are found in ascending order.
(basic_props:eval/1)nth(N,L,E) is evaluable at compile-time.
(native_props:is_det/1)All calls of the form nth(N,L,E) are deterministic.
Adds element E after element E0 (or at end) to list L0 returning in L the new list (uses term comparison).
(term_typing:nonvar/1)L0 is currently a term which is not a free variable.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)E0 is currently a term which is not a free variable.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)E is currently a term which is not a free variable.
Adds element E before element E0 (or at start) to list L0 returning in L the new list (uses term comparison).
X is a list of Ys of at least one element.
List is the result of removing Tail from the end of DList (makes a difference list from a list).
L is the concatenation of all the lists in LL.
(basic_props:list/2)LL is a list of lists.
Adds Term to the end of List if there is no element in List identical to Term.
Adds element E at end of list L0 returning L.
Impure membership (does not instantiate a variable in its first argument.
X is not identical to any element of L.
X is the last element of list L.
Same as list_lookup/4, but use -/2 as functor.
Look up Functor(Key,Value) pair in variable ended key-value pair list L or else add it at the end.
Insert the element B in the ordered set of numbers A.
Delete from the ordered set A the element B.
Generates an ordered set of numbers from 0 to N-1, and append it to L1.
List has the elements which are both in List1 and List2.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)List1 is currently a term which is not a free variable.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)List2 is currently a term which is not a free variable.
List has the elements which are in List1 followed by the elements which are in List2 but not in List1.
(term_typing:var/1)List is a free variable.
List has the elements which are in List1 but not in List2.
List2 contains all the elements of List1.
List2 contains all the elements of List1 in the same order.
List1 has all the elements of List2, and vice versa.
LList is the list of one element lists with elements of List.
LList is the powerset of List, i.e., the list of all lists which have elements of List. If List is ordered, LList and all its elements are ordered.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)List is currently a term which is not a free variable.
List is the cartesian product of the lists in LList, that is, the list of lists formed with one element of each list in LList, in the same order.
(term_typing:nonvar/1)LList is currently a term which is not a free variable.
List is the list of all elements in the (comma-separated) sequence Sequence. The use of this predicate is reversible.
prelude, initial, condcomp, assertions, assertions/assertions_basic, isomodes, metatypes, hiord, nativeprops.


The Secret To A Healthy Microbiome Could Be Hidden In The Diet Of Africa's Hadza Tribe : Goats and Soda Some species of bacteria in our intestines are disappearing. Can we reverse the microbial die-off? The food eaten by Tanzania's Hadza tribe could hold the answer.
Hadza man eating honeycomb and larvae from a beehive.
Yes, I'm talking about the microbiome — that collection of bacteria in our intestines that influences everything from metabolism and the immune system to moods and behavior.
"Over time we are losing valuable members of our community," says Justin Sonnenburg, a microbiologist at Stanford University, who has been studying the microbiome for more than a decade.
"They are a very special group of people," Sonnenburg says. "There are only about 2,200 left and really only about 200 that exclusively adhere to hunting and gathering."
The trend was clear: The further away people's diets are from a Western diet, the greater the variety of microbes they tend to have in their guts. And that includes bacteria that are missing from American guts.
"So whether it's people in Africa, Papua New Guinea or South America, communities that live a traditional lifestyle have common gut microbes — ones that we all lack in the industrialized world," Sonnenburg says.
That's the conclusion Sonnenburg and his team reached after analyzing the Hadza microbiome at one stage of the yearlong study. But when they checked several months later, they uncovered a surprising twist: The composition of the microbiome fluctuated over time, depending on the season and what people were eating. And at one point, the composition started to look surprisingly similar to that of Westerners' microbiome.
During the dry season, Hadza eat a lot of more meat — kind of like Westerners do. And their microbiome shifted as their diet changed. Some of the bacterial species that had been prevalent disappeared to undetectable levels, similar to what's been observed in Westerners' guts.
But then in wet season — when Hadza eat more berries and honey — these missing microbes returned, although the researchers are not really sure what's in these foods that bring the microbes back.
"I think this finding is really exciting," says Lawrence David, who studies the microbiome at Duke University. "It suggests the shifts in the microbiome seen in industrialized nations might not be permanent — that they might be reversible by changes in people's diets.
"The finding supports the idea that the microbiome is plastic, depending on diet," David adds.
Now the big question is: What's the key dietary change that could bring the missing microbes back?
Lawrence thinks it could be cutting down on fat. "At a high level, it sounds like that," he says, "because what changed in the Hadza's diet was whether or not they were hunting versus foraging for berries or honey," he says.
"We're beginning to realize that people who eat more dietary fiber are actually feeding their gut microbiome," Sonnenburg says.
Hadza consume a huge amount of fiber because throughout the year, they eat fiber-rich tubers and fruit from baobab trees. These staples give them about 100 to 150 grams of fiber each day. That's equivalent to the fiber in 50 bowls of Cheerios — and 10 times more than many Americans eat.
"Over the past few years, we've come to realize how important this gut community is for our health, and yet we're eating a low-fiber diet that totally neglects them," he says. "So we're essentially starving our microbial selves."


Make up to 2 days ahead and store in the fridge.
1Preheat the oven to 160°C, fan 140°C, gas 3. Beat all the ingredients for the crème together in a bowl. Strain through a sieve into a jug; set aside.
2For the caramel, put the sugar and coffee in a heavy-based pan over a medium-high heat and stir to dissolve the sugar. Once dissolved, cook without stirring, swirling the pan occasionally, for 15 minutes. To test if the caramel is ready, drip a little into a ramekin with a spoon. If it hardens quickly, it is ready. If not, cook for a couple more minutes, then retest.
3Once the caramel is ready, pour a thin layer into an 18-20cm cake tin or 8 x 175ml ramekins (enough to cover the base) and swirl around very quickly to coat the base before it sets. Allow to set and harden.
4Pour the crème into the prepared cake tin. If using ramekins, pour about 3cm of the crème into each one. Place the tin/ramekins in a roasting tin; pour in enough water to come halfway up the sides – this is a bain-marie and allows even baking.
5Bake for 20-25 minutes for the individual portions or 40-45 minutes for the large one – they will still have a wobble in the centre that will set on cooling. Remove from the bain-marie, allow to cool, then chill for at least 6 hours or overnight.
6Run a thin knife all around the edge of the tin/ramekins. Turn it upside down on to a dish and tap to help it pop out. The caramel should drizzle down the sides, forming a puddle.


An alternative filling is rice which has been scented/coated with essential oil. Mix 1 cup of rice with 1 tsp of scented oil and place in a jar. Shake the jar several times a day for about a week or until the rice is once again dry and the oil has soaked in.... Lavender Essential Oil? What is that? Lavender Essential Oil (a.k.a Lavender Oil) is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the flower spikes of the lavender plant.
Making these lavender sachets is so simple and easy that it took the 10- and 11-year-old Girl Scouts about five minutes each to make 3 sets. If you aren't a child who's afraid of the hot glue gun, you could easily make a dozen or so in about the same amount of time. They come together very quickly.... It�s not necessary to add lavender essential oils to your sachets as these can be expensive. Simply give your sachets a toss and a shake from time to time to release nature�s fragrance! Here are some of my lavender sachets, all ready to go! With just a little bit of effort and time I now don�t have to spend money on fragrant sachets from the shops.
Decide if the sachet will include any lavender essential oil. Depending on where I plan to use the sachet I add about 15 drops of lavender essential oil to the flowers and toss. Depending on where I plan to use the sachet I add about 15 drops of lavender essential oil to the flowers and toss.
Fill your fabric pouch with dried lavender, or if you�d prefer, you can use essential oils and cotton balls. Add a drop of essential oil to each cotton ball, wait a minute for it to dry a bit, then stuff the fabric pouch full of cotton balls.
Making these lavender sachets is so simple and easy that it took the 10- and 11-year-old Girl Scouts about five minutes each to make 3 sets. If you aren't a child who's afraid of the hot glue gun, you could easily make a dozen or so in about the same amount of time. They come together very quickly.


I had a question regarding storage of AEC vehicles from Southall at the Hawker aircraft factory at Langley using blocks E & F, arranged by a Mr Skinner of AEC for a 6 month period from 17th January 1949.
What vehicles were involved, my correspondent asks?
I've got some 1949 AEC Gazettes, I don't *remember* there being any mention, but I have some gaps, and the ones I've got I haven't had time to look them out to check.
The post-war RT was built from 1946 until around 1955 but there were periods when the body-builders couldn't cope with the chassis output (and also vice-versa). London Transport eventually used additional body builders.


Are Open Plan Offices Resulting In LESS Productivity?
The 'open plan' office has been integrated into workplaces across the globe since the 90's and is now commonplace in the majority of business' both big and small.
But is having co-workers sharing bright, airy open-plan spaces without being hidden behind walls or cubicles actually productive for business?
When it was first introduced the open office concept was revolutionary, with claims of an improved work experience.
Managers imagined open offices would increase interactions between colleagues, and improve cooperation and productivity.
However, Harvard Business School Associate Professor Ethan Bernstein has published a study on the impacts of open workspaces on collaboration.
The study found that employees actually had LESS face-to-face interactions after switching to open office spaces.
Instead, open architecture seemed to trigger a natural human response to socially withdraw from officemates and interact over email and instant messenger instead.
Beyond interactions, the study found that workers became less productive in open offices.


How can you make and respond to suggestions? You are going to do two activities from the OUP site. Activity time: 10 to 20 minutes.
Task: Before going to the site, look at these five sentences. One is not correct. Which one?
Why don't we try it?
I suggest to stop now.
I recommend that he call them.
First check your answers here.
Now go to the activity here and do the exercises for Units 2 and 3.


I am beginning to lose my respect for the Federal Reserve. At a time when money supply (link to Wikipedia) has been exploding and weekly figures provide a nasty experience week after week, month after month, the Fed put out a short, flat notice last Thursday, saying that it will discontinue publication of M3 figures after March 2006. Such a step may fit in the policy of the current Bush administration but certainly not a supposedly independent central bank.
M3 is the most important money aggregate for economists, analysts and Fed watchers to get an idea at what speed the (electronic) printing press is running. The European Central Bank (ECB) honors this set of data with a special press release every month. So much about transparency.
GRAPH: Recent M3 figures are certainly unpleasant and worrisome. M3 has been growing at an annual rate of 7.5 percent or double the most recent rate of GDP growth (subject to a revision.) Since Bush took office money supply M3 has risen by 40%. The Fed prints it and the government spends it as can be seen by growing government participation in growth numbers.
I am still shocked and in a state of disbelief that gives place to being disgusted about the new style. What will be next? Discontinuation of industrial production figures below zero? The consumer price index (CPI) being treated as a national secret once it rises above 5% despite all hedonic adjustments? Torture threats against people insisting to get the whole picture?
No! First comes the discontinuation of more important data releases. No more repo data, no more Eurodollar data, no more large time deposits. Investing will become a fly by night adventure.
Take note that only publication, but not calculation of these figures will be discontinued. I strongly hope that Ben Bernanke will revise this decision, being an economist who knows that sound research can only be done on the basis of data.
Looking back into history economic data was only kept a secret in failing economies, e.g. the Soviet Union.
As this data is published by the board of governors of the Fed every one of their words will have to be scrutinized most carefully in the future and tested for credibility. Words are easy, but I prefer hard data. No prudent investor will navigate his funds through a foggy world but lie at anchor below a clear sky, meaning: elsewhere.
For further information read "If it weren't that cheap to print them greenbacks" and "M3 and public debt hit record highs." Once you read this you may be in the mood to read "US AAA rating - how much longer?" The lack of transparency at the Fed got discussed in this post.
UPDATE I: Mark Thoma had a post on November 3, discussing "The Declining Role of Money In Monetary Policy." He says that the Fed cannot control two variables (the monetary aggregate and interest rates) with their single tool, the Fed funds rate. As Dr. Thoma focuses on the shift of importance from M1 to M2 and does not cover M3 at all I am left with another conundrum. Take note of his graph though. It shows that the additional contents of M3 have been growing over the years, reaffirming me in my view that M3 is the one to watch as it has become easier for investors to shift funds and money market funds have seen above-average growth in the last decade.
In Europe M3 growth is the most intensely watched number and I feel safe with M3 as it has been a good indicator for true inflation trends. Or to say it oversimplified: deduct GDP growth from M3 growth and you should arrive at true inflation. Juggle this equation and M3 minus inflation should give you GDP growth which in the current situation would be 7.6% minus 4.7% and voila we get GDP growth of 2.9% at the end of Q3 2005. As it is 2 AM here in Austria I have not backtested these number games. Go ahead if you feel challenged on a Sunday evening and correct me in comments.
UPDATE II: If you are in the mood for further speculation why M3 data will not be published anymore jump to this lively discussion at PeakOil and judge yourself what could make sense. I will look into my Palgrave as soon as possible, hoping for the ultimate auhtoritative explanation. I have also contacted the Fed and look forward to their answer. But I feel honoured that the discussion at PeakOil interconnects M3 secrecy with my so far most read post "Iranian Oil Bourse Could Kill The US Dollar" which will be continued with a follow-up soon. Check back at this blog for it.
This graph shows the higher rate of increase of M3 compared to M2 and notice that in 1971 before we withdrew from Bretton Woods, M2 and M3 were the same.


In Hamden, Connecticut, there is a procedure through which a person can challenge the validity of a will. This is known as a "contested will" or "will contest."
When Can a Will be Contested in Hamden, Connecticut?
Of course, a Hamden, Connecticut court will not invalidate a will without a very good reason, but there are some situations which render a will clearly invalid.
So, you've succeeded in contesting the validity of a Hamden, Connecticut will. What happens to the property that was going to be distributed according to its terms? Generally, when a will is declared void, the decedent's assets will be treated as if he or she had died without a will. This is known as "intestacy." Usually, this simply means that the assets will be passed on to their owner's closest living relative, typically a spouse, children, siblings, or parents. If absolutely no relatives can be found, the property is passed to the state. If there is a previous will, which was revoked by the invalid will, a court might revive the old will. If the new will was found to be completely invalid (rather than just parts of it), it follows, then, that the revocation of the old will is invalid as well. Therefore, the old will can be given effect.
Can a Hamden, Connecticut Contested Will Attorney Help?
Contesting a will can be a confusing, emotional, expensive, and time-consuming process. There is really no way around this. However, a good Hamden, Connecticut wills and estates attorney can minimize these problems, and make the process as painless as possible.