BenchBase
Collection
Medical multiple-choice benchmarks in one format. Code: github.com/Layered-Labs/benchbase-med • 5 items • Updated
dataset_key large_stringclasses 1
value | hash large_stringlengths 64 64 | split large_stringclasses 1
value | question_type large_stringclasses 1
value | question large_stringlengths 11 1.26k | context null | options listlengths 4 4 | answer dict | metadata dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_medical | 0ed59ec6041f67f760d4496d0961f31e34d8a1c11cd1d8948773356a8789fe51 | validation | mcq | Which of the following terms describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Anabolism"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Catabolism"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Tolerance"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Homeostasis"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Homeostasis"
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 67bd2262f92dab0ce9415a8d868d04edcf965040e99bb4aa47a0e5e26c4687bf | validation | mcq | Which of the following structures travel through the substance of the parotid gland? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "The maxillary artery"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The maxillary artery and retromandibular vein"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The maxillary artery, retromandibular vein and facial artery"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "The ... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The maxillary artery and retromandibular vein"
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 928fd493047a0a03dbe9e5e6a57fdd15189d39fea1f269b27aa2117ac026b491 | validation | mcq | A medical practitioner places a stethoscope over the patient's seventh right intercostal space in the mid-axillary line. The stethoscope overlies the | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "upper lobe of the lung."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "middle lobe of the lung."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "lower lobe of the lung."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "costo-diaphragmatic recess."
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "lower lobe of the lung."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 505e4388fc889893bdfce08b69d7dec343e92ed8d21a7e4977dbcd2c82e47b31 | validation | mcq | The maxillary sinus | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "is lined by stratified squamous epithelium."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "drains into the superior meatus of the nasal cavities."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "is innervated by branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve."
}... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "is innervated by branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 1eaf6335e67884fa9dd18760ef249136f98d3a4cb17de6996815e82ea77ebb2b | validation | mcq | Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Adipose"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Cartilage"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Epithelial"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Muscle"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Cartilage"
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | e439cf0b26836a7d4d1d77e784e0ec618e8713e8ca511130028dce9bad0c5950 | validation | mcq | Tonsillar tissue is commonly found | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "on the posterior wall of the oropharynx."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "under the mucosa of the ventral surface of the tongue."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds."
},
{
"original_key": ... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | bf4d7e2606ee1e0e17f27e34e6a39f1a6d6ed91522d72a1b3709e7cf9bbaa76b | validation | mcq | The best place to listen to the general heart sound with a stethoscope is the | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "fifth left intercostal space in the midclavicular line."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "second left intercostal space one inch from the sternum."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "third left rib at its junction with the sternum."
},
{
"ori... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "fifth left intercostal space in the midclavicular line."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 9417aeeba4a5c2f04e0579e22fc3e1589241f81bd6b2ddbca2e0ebc8c249a097 | validation | mcq | Emissary veins connect the intracranial venous sinuses to | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "veins draining the scalp."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "veins draining the eye."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "the pterygoid venous plexus."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "All of the above areas."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "All of the above areas."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | f343e1b48322b992c32202368097904d8154dde22ccde760df256669fa266f31 | validation | mcq | Smooth muscle cells contain | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "actin but not myosin."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "myosin but not actin."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "actin and myosin arranged irregularly."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "actin and myosin arranged in parallel arrays."
... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "actin and myosin arranged irregularly."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 6ba09d271cd4bd09855a01680aefb9fd9b7bda8f08bdb696b5e630a25561bd49 | validation | mcq | Which of the following controls body temperature, sleep, and appetite? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Adrenal glands"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Hypothalamus"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Pancreas"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Thalamus"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Hypothalamus"
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 2404f69e67c413e3a27b6944097e081a314e6f8e010e65df16ace969ab0f68a4 | validation | mcq | Which one of the following is brought about by activation of sympathetic nerves? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Dilation of the pupil of the eye."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Increase in intestinal secretion"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Decrease in heart rate"
... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Dilation of the pupil of the eye."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 28c6ea871b3546b00749a86e567e337af04241c67d0aba51391d6e2fc275f542 | validation | mcq | The trachea | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "lies deep to the oesophagus."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "lies superficial to the oesophagus."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "is totally enclosed by cartilaginous rings."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "divides at the thoracic... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "lies superficial to the oesophagus."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 84c126e02a6c046e24b6f0fad11c676c4a3bdf29fe0ca75aab1829d97ab1490e | validation | mcq | Pharyngeal mucosa is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerves because it develops from the | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "first pharyngeal arch."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "second pharyngeal arch."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "third pharyngeal arch."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "fourth pharyngeal arch."
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "third pharyngeal arch."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 9285a70211e91ac494d09043115eda48190b539583e82caea0c4e786863bf200 | validation | mcq | A patient is most likely to experience pain due to infection of the ethmoidal air cells sinus | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "at the base of the skull."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "on the forehead."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "in the cheeks."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "between the eyes."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "between the eyes."
} | {
"subset": "anatomy",
"subject": "anatomy"
} |
mmlu_medical | 954fb54474829249881fd2e3cf5e2a9b495c218e8c675b80619a0ac1353c59a8 | validation | mcq | Type I muscle fibres have the following characteristics: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "white, glycolytic, slow contracting."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "white, oxidative, slow contracting."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "red, oxidative, fast contracting."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "red, oxidative, slow cont... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "red, oxidative, slow contracting."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 88ee386cd96281ae7f81567f544f7c1a7149b35859edaebb04a0291be25a916f | validation | mcq | Mr Wood has just returned from surgery and has severe internal bleeding. Which of the following observations would you NOT expect to find on undertaking post-operative observations? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Hypotension."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Bradycardia."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Confusion"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Tachypnoea."
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Bradycardia."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | ebd03fc8b0bb407e46be45473ffbe8de7f69e69cb4548b7c2df56966e446df14 | validation | mcq | Which of the following represents Cushing's response? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Low blood pressure, tachycardia."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "High blood pressure, tachycardia."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Low blood pressure, bradycardia."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "High blood pressure, bradycardia... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "High blood pressure, bradycardia."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | c36b078e6414d74b3d66d3279ffd5f0d209503037902972691dc4f5ab0b6e715 | validation | mcq | How many 'true' movements are available at the hip? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "4"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "5"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "6"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "7"
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "6"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 12be9ec240448dab682ddb0d03b44a0ce88392897b705bce5b547e26681c9922 | validation | mcq | For patients with asthma, how many times a day should a peak flow reading be taken? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Daily."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Twice a day."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Three times a week."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Once a week."
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Twice a day."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 1a934bce9377f137a5d2c00e03abaa6edd52a05796aa9129427829ca7ed446fd | validation | mcq | Which of the following is incorrect? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Dentures should be removed at night."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Dentures should be cleaned on removal from mouth."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Dentures should be stored in a named pot."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Den... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Dentures should be stored dry."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 5467212c83f79d4fd16c58c084288695e5c0dd5a936932e469a09740b831ee46 | validation | mcq | Why might you choose to use a silicone catheter (as of 2020 medical knowledge)? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Because the patient does not like the others."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Because the patient is allergic to latex."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Because there are no other kinds of catheter at your disposal."
},
{
"original_key":... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Because the patient is allergic to latex."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 52ad5f4d1323007af5ac62a14f95d0fc298a398ab4efa01e0948ebf8d4dd9f3f | validation | mcq | The recommended dose of creatine to load the muscles of a 70 kg man within one week is: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "2 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "5 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "10 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "20 g/day."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "20 g/day."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 4cb2abeddd2c72626ba7d00d7bb1dba0accc0f5e84520295ce34cfc046cfb848 | validation | mcq | The coding sequences of genes are called: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "extrons."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "exons."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "introns."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "codons."
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "exons."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 37665d509cea3e0c0b8401eea78a2709656b7c7d0a20120b1596c8e71913049a | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true with regards to the anatomy involved in the rectal examination? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "The sacrum is palpated anteriorly"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The pubic bone is palpated anteriorly in both sexes"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "In the male the testes can be appreciated anteriorly"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"t... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "The cervix can sometimes be felt anteriorly in the female"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | db0abbd3786cf7224da65f1f7a36feb3fb3abbff9976e2f4c9909d93d84d1e03 | validation | mcq | Using a large volume spacer will improve the deposition of medication by: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "10-15%"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "40-60%"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "99-100%"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "30-40%"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "40-60%"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | cf4d8ff50e978dcb105b7da7780d33be890c61784085ba6898ecee600a2bab6d | validation | mcq | Which one of the following is not a use for intravenous infusions? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Administer prescribed intravenous fluid."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Administer dyes or contrast media for radiographic examinations."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Administer prescribed blood products."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "To orally hydrate a patient."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | b8eb2164330926b23b98c7a2c9d5e046afd9ff5e533dc58ba766863a16db0dd8 | validation | mcq | During exercise, adrenaline secretion from the adrenal glands is stimulated by: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "increased plasma glucose."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "increased plasma fatty acids."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "increased plasma ACTH."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "increased sympathetic nerve activity."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "increased sympathetic nerve activity."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 3f80e2620b7c5a296683b667a57ed317040eec8d26b01aca37569ca8fb47f7c7 | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true of blackouts and dizziness? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Confusion following a blackout is strongly suggestive of a fit"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Pre-syncope is another term for a blackout"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "An epileptic fit always leads to the loss of consciousness"
},
{
"... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Confusion following a blackout is strongly suggestive of a fit"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 03bddad5f5384db70da18bcb5a31d08e7c66a120839c190f62c39c6c41e78a8d | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true about abdominal pain? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Peptic ulcer pain is usually experienced in the hypogastrium"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The pain of irritable bowel syndrome is usually well localised"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The pain of oesophagitis is usually retrosternal in site... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The pain of oesophagitis is usually retrosternal in site"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | b48599c66f5b3508371a493a0371aa95d4a3eeae60bdcc37aa15b82944c5f1ad | validation | mcq | The following are features of Alzheimer's disease except: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "short-term memory loss."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "confusion."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "poor attention."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "drowsiness."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "drowsiness."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | a1d6e0e38f23fbfea45c9e5c0e46b8ad095ed219ef924f594281c60143d1cea1 | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true about radial nerve palsy? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "The radial nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "It is associated with sensory loss over the medial half of the hand"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "It leads to wrist drop"
},
{
"origi... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "It leads to wrist drop"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | acd23d937ce193cb91acb02e9a7c547faaf0e6bb8a84ca307b924c96a8284b10 | validation | mcq | How can several different proteins be produced from the same gene? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "By selective transcription of different parts of the DNA in the gene."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "By doubling or tripling the length of the mRNA molecule produced from the primary transcript."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The primary tran... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The primary transcripts of many genes can be spliced in various ways to produce different mRNAs, a process known as alternative RNA splicing."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 033e46f3a023a136980b9385684f5e8a3be95383209d61d83f66540029453837 | validation | mcq | How long can a long-term catheter stay in situ? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "4 weeks."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "7 weeks."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "12 weeks."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "20 weeks."
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "12 weeks."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 82287be74d1ec3a3923d4aaf17a678819bd767a81f0987ff9843aea9d53c464b | validation | mcq | Stridor is described as: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A wheezing sound."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "A gurgling sound."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "A rattling sound."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "A high-pitched sound."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "A high-pitched sound."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 8fdcf52e0be55393a7245ce064dd0464bc740577f1b7a1eb2df518076c783d67 | validation | mcq | What is cardiac output? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Stroke volume × heart rate."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Systemic vascular resistance × heart rate."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Blood pressure × heart rate."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Preload × stroke volume."
}
] | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Stroke volume × heart rate."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | beb51d9fe419b4519023519ea6c06d2a07f0a524f0d80721f2102eea1c573f52 | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true about the assessment of gait? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A stamping gait is caused by bilateral foot drop"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "An antalgic gait is caused by a painful leg"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "A waddling gait is sometimes called a steppage gait"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "An antalgic gait is caused by a painful leg"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 61e0045e20e18bbd91e36be55d5b4d21cbc2a27d68e4cce2a7ad2d2f1a230ad6 | validation | mcq | What should be done after catheterization is carried out? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "The patient should be thanked."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The patient should be advised when to drink."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Document catheterization in the patient's notes."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "The pat... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Document catheterization in the patient's notes."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 3d7789e67b1994865a1261563629db8281cfef17db479a5b4b06e022c833b3ed | validation | mcq | In a patient with chest pain which of these features is most suggestive of a myocardial infarction? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Very severe pain"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Sweating and vomiting"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Pain has lasted for over a week"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Pain is sharp like a knife"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Sweating and vomiting"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | b3db7824fe5cf5caec82f16f7f5358784b6a8101b7330edd3a034461ff82caa6 | validation | mcq | In the assessment of visual fields which of the following is true? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A lesion at the optic chiasma leads to a homonymous hemianopia"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Impulses from the retinal leave the eye via the optic radiation"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "An enlarged blind spot may occur because of papilloed... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "An enlarged blind spot may occur because of papilloedema"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | a55267aa7906348485b83e3f2a1663a7e6f2702f6b88936db2007f7c7475cdea | validation | mcq | Who set the world record for the mile race in 1886? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "R Bannister"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "S Coe"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "J DiMaggio"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "WG George"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "WG George"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 7cad5683ac9087ee949a2d5a1eebcf6401b7b0211039646e5800923ab77b9408 | validation | mcq | What is erythema? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Inflammation of the sweat glands."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "A form of skin infection."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Redness of the... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Redness of the skin due to congestion of the capillaries."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 67477502ade1f6aa0666f79ee84d91bb09b9d20df07478855bfaeec4bddb2baa | validation | mcq | When branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "converted into arginine and released from the muscle."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "converted into urea and released from the muscle."
},
{... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle."
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | 8b4c9b8149bb55c613b49225763903790d0a6f593a9cac377ef0651ff7043b81 | validation | mcq | Which of the following is true regarding the examination of the legs? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Sustained clonus occurs with hypotonia"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Clonus can only be demonstrated at the ankle"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The root value of hip flexion is L4, L5"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "The root... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "The root value of toe extension is L5"
} | {
"subset": "clinical_knowledge",
"subject": "clinical_knowledge"
} |
mmlu_medical | e17f6041aec96127f9512615c0e810c63257b1df796639ba1d915fd9dd202899 | validation | mcq | A student observes that mercury forms a convex meniscus in the graduated cylinder but that water forms a concave one. This behavior is best explained by the fact that: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "the two liquids are being kept in graduated cylinders made of different materials."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "the adhesive forces between water and the walls of the graduated cylinder are greater than the adhesive forces between the mercury and the walls ... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "the mercury has strong cohesive than adhesive forces, whereas water has strong adhesive than cohesive ones."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 7d1c83d2d17a88c835e674764615137228d0260f011aa0322c880df2a5eae7bb | validation | mcq | Human beings require many outside resources in order to survive. An individual will not survive without water, air, etc. Thankfully, the human brain is wired to seek out these resources when they are depleted before harm occurs to the individual. The downside of this, however, is that they can produce too much reward, ... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A person desiring to lose weight makes a late night snack to quell a craving."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "A marathon runner seeks out water after finishing a race."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "A free diver delays leaving the beach after ... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A person desiring to lose weight makes a late night snack to quell a craving."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 7e553f547ba62c1719d73de15f0cd5c67b6d9e34081fb868240d7fc5ce37a2e6 | validation | mcq | How many chromosomes do all human somatic cells contain? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "3"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "20"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "23"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "46"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "46"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | eebfa3eeabb93e78aa0e5e2323b4d67921ad2a5068921c5a6a6122795ac91b35 | validation | mcq | In all-out exercise such as sprinting the first fibre types to fatigue are the: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Type I fibres."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Type Ia fibres."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Type IIa fibres."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Type IIX fibres."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Type IIX fibres."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 313c20cea3a6656904b89ca9f335a2dd6c69829fc9c3c88be8e0711c17d9186b | validation | mcq | The term gene doping refers to: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "the use of drugs to modify gene transcription."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "the use of genetic manipulation techniques to enhance performance in sport."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "the activation or inhibition of genes to mask drug taking... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "the use of genetic manipulation techniques to enhance performance in sport."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | fc5e7c72f410ca871929dc494b1f65124ba4082a673ea791b73d461a06d57ec5 | validation | mcq | Which of the following would be the most accurate definition of Nietzsche’s Will to Truth?" | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "An intrinsic desire to know the truth."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Moral drive to act toward what is good."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "A subset of our ego that acts towards what is right."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "An intrinsic desire to know the truth."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 063d264474b97d243835bcdcb949ba1fe468c4e11de5e27a38b828c0d6c1a8c5 | validation | mcq | Which of the following physiological characteristics is not important for success in endurance events such as the marathon race? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "The ability to regulate body temperature."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "The ability to supply oxygen to the exercising muscles."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "The availability of body stores of carbohydrate."
},
{
"original_key": "D"... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Muscle ATP and phosphocreatine content."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | b8eb2164330926b23b98c7a2c9d5e046afd9ff5e533dc58ba766863a16db0dd8 | validation | mcq | During exercise, adrenaline secretion from the adrenal glands is stimulated by: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "increased plasma glucose."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "increased plasma fatty acids."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "increased plasma ACTH."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "increased sympathetic nerve activity."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "increased sympathetic nerve activity."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 6323abab1d6ddc6231f4f74b8a43a9c75856f1f48469dbccb2c97198de0912b4 | validation | mcq | A young adult man begins seeing a therapist and tells the therapist that he has homosexual feelings, and that he self-identifies as gay. He is plagued by feelings of worthlessness and fears that he will be subject to what his religion terms “eternal damnation”. He feels alienated from his family and friends, as he know... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Stereotype threat"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Groupthink"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Universalization"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Spatial discrimination"
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Universalization"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 20df786dc902ca1b5cda262c41960c997a8672399601f15ccc14d509d5a0eaad | validation | mcq | A 1 meter tall jug of water, while sitting on a countertop 2 meters high with its lid open, springs a leak from a weak spot in the plastic at the very bottom of the side. How fast will water empty from the jug? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "4.47 m/s"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "6.25 m/s"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "8.26 m/s"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "2.22 m/s"
}
] | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "4.47 m/s"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | ee7e0512cfd91d004cb2f3178de9e7d3c3680e637ba971a857f233f10365ada7 | validation | mcq | The two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "actin and troponin."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "actin and myosin."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "troponin and tropomyosin."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "myosin and tropomyosin."
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "actin and myosin."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 37df679b4a649f261ef069a7c5538adfcd596559b8ffcf285a877e70e9a7660b | validation | mcq | A psychology study run on a college campus was set up right outside of the gym on a weekday. Chocolate chip cookies were offered right outside the door, and then a sign was placed 15 feet further down the hall that asked people to avoid using the stairs, forcing them to go around in a longer hallway. There were no barr... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Learned helplessness"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Insecure attachment"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Ego depletion"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Tyranny of choice"
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Ego depletion"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | b7446b21f48c9fc10175d3c3eae849471fd971d2f44b6e4fe778dbd77a62553f | validation | mcq | Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients often have a loss of pancreas activity during their adolescent years. Loss of which enzyme, if isolated would lead to the most extensive effects on nutrient absorption? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Lipase"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Elastinogen"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Trypsinogen"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Carboxypeptidase"
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Trypsinogen"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 3be1a04768a39c8a5b7705e921c29b14aed272075224e3b7a9fe0c55aca7903c | validation | mcq | Somatic eukaryotic cells in the human body proceed normally through repetitive phases of the cell cycle in order to divide and make replicates of themselves. The point at which a cell commits to dividing is known as the restriction point (R). Prior to this, how many chromosomes and chromatids does the cell have? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "23 chromosomes, 23 chromatids"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 4a92cca9d4d61716134080eab9737a7af74eb14178d28fabc7d176e8f849eb75 | validation | mcq | A person suffering from severe dehydration and starvation would NOT be expected to have elevated plasma concentrations for which of the following hormones? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "ADH"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Cortisol"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Aldosterone"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Insulin"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Insulin"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 52ad5f4d1323007af5ac62a14f95d0fc298a398ab4efa01e0948ebf8d4dd9f3f | validation | mcq | The recommended dose of creatine to load the muscles of a 70 kg man within one week is: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "2 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "5 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "10 g/day."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "20 g/day."
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "20 g/day."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | ec42010fe10ea960b9467de95972d021b9b8bcf0127d60e034c7ec01ef27c451 | validation | mcq | The creatine kinase reaction is: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "irreversible."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "slow compared with glycolysis."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "not activated until all the ATP has been used up."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "inhibited by low pH in the muscle."
... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "inhibited by low pH in the muscle."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 007c225b17b3205a6421afe65f7d604e254341e1bc28fdf08ff41450636abdbe | validation | mcq | A young woman comes to the clinic for feeling like her “heart is beating too fast”. When her pulse is recorded it is in normal range. Upon interview, you learn that she is often concerned about lots of things. In fact, she can’t remember many instances in which she has not had some event playing over and over in her he... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Cluster A"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Cluster B"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Cluster C"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "This does not seem like a personality disorder."
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Cluster C"
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | d9dca8d85323358f57e062e456bf4c6db0e9ea86df9179589f8be428836060f9 | validation | mcq | An allele that is masked is referred to as: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "recessive."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "redundant."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "repressed."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "reclusive."
}
] | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "recessive."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 12f330366f7093f6c66928a6c980bfa715ed2704bfcb9fc650d4c08986d31fd9 | validation | mcq | In general, the higher the intensity of exercise, the greater the proportional contribution of: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "aerobic energy production."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "anaerobic energy production."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "the TCA cycle (Krebs' cycle) to the production of ATP."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "the electron transfer... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "anaerobic energy production."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | fba5aa56db0a51a4e83ab912905ac99ff02f24502df06eec97d9057d0cff363d | validation | mcq | The main factors determining success in sport are: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "a high energy diet and large appetite."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "high intelligence and motivation to succeed."
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "a good coach and the motivation to succeed."
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "inna... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "innate ability and the capacity to respond to the training stimulus."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 66b471a28f8a4eac39bc742c1b53db3cb1da7226a49dad06a7a246da57669e3d | validation | mcq | The social phenomenon of groupthink is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "A significant over-rating of the decision-making abilities of members of the ingroup."
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "A decrease in the creativity of individual group members in contributing to solutions the ingroup wants to achieve."
},
{
"original_ke... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "High loyalty and group cohesiveness causing members to feel safe raising controversial issues and proposing alternative solutions."
} | {
"subset": "college_medicine",
"subject": "college_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 75458a09f3cb16008757011d467b693308304287a047432b70334f91aa404952 | validation | mcq | The allele associated with sickle cell anemia apparently reached a high frequency in some human populations due to: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "random mating"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "superior fitness of heterozygotes in areas where malaria was present"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "migration of individuals with the allele into other populations"
},
{
"original_key": "D"... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "superior fitness of heterozygotes in areas where malaria was present"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 8c90a34f9da76f35289c527da2bd610f0eb6d07b4b5871b77a1ae311fdfeb603 | validation | mcq | RFLP analysis is a technique that | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "uses hybridization to detect specific DNA restriction fragments in genomic DNA"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "is used to determine whether a gene is transcribed in specific cells"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "measures the transfer frequency ... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "uses hybridization to detect specific DNA restriction fragments in genomic DNA"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | fb93cdf382042d1a7b461b17b2f0a27e48dc0418408ec7981bc6fcc5132675a2 | validation | mcq | Repeat core sequences consisting of 2, 3, or 4 base pairs are known as what? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Microsatellites"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Minisatellites"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Satellites"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Microsatellites"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 31b68ea057072bf40899d4cbf518105ea10c6e5e0186d10030a81f99b39cfdee | validation | mcq | Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene which encodes _______. | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Collagen"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Dystrophin"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Elastin"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Fibrillin"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Fibrillin"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 5b4bdcce3e599e3d604d6b2f420e03f87c53a15ac756f9abcc5d78d0719730db | validation | mcq | If an autosomal recessive disorder which shows Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has an incidence of 1 in 6400 then the frequency of carriers is approximately _______. | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "1 in 20"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "1 in 40"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "1 in 80"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "1 in 160"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "1 in 40"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | c8d1e2450fdb9cbf650e3be8cccec190774398ca1f419e634f6d2097d0ae3df8 | validation | mcq | Tracing of a cell lineage during development means that | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "the cells giving rise to and derived from a specific cell are known"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "the sequence of the enhancers for developmental genes is known"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "the regulatory genes for the organism have been g... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "the cells giving rise to and derived from a specific cell are known"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | b192d21b2e6dda0def921af9661d62b97ad690dd6ba7404cd2f15662b5f9d560 | validation | mcq | Mutations which occur in body cells which do not go on to form gametes can be classified as: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "auxotrophic mutations"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "somatic mutations"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "morphological mutations"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "oncogenes"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "somatic mutations"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | a89e2e43a113232fae45b43fd58a9f26d3167ecde1c3bb5b75ab14f463d7dbd0 | validation | mcq | Assuming that the level of glucose is low, a mutation in the repressor of the lac operon in E. coli, preventing binding of the repressor to the operator, should result in: | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "constitutive expression of the lac operon genes"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "lack of expression or reduced expression of the lac operon genes under all circumstances"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "expression of the genes only when lactose i... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "constitutive expression of the lac operon genes"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 71c5a77560f9857ef45359dc37293828bb933898a0d2e1593e962e2941adbe64 | validation | mcq | The “sticky ends” generated by restriction enzymes allow | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "selection for plasmids lacking antibiotic resistance"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "pieces of DNA from different sources to hybridize to each other and to be joined together"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "replication of transfer RNA within th... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "pieces of DNA from different sources to hybridize to each other and to be joined together"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 67dce32956ea515f6cf4ffc3c9b028071e0eedfe1341453415d877a15730915d | validation | mcq | The presence of an extra digit is referred to as __________. | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "arachnodactyly"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "brachydactyly"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "clinodactyly"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "polydactyly"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "polydactyly"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | 65cbf6c73e70a15114d526d4a5608b37720eb4c4004a20ab30a3e6e1e5d8ee4e | validation | mcq | Which of the following statements about heritability are true? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "is a measure of the level of heterozygotes in a population"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "is a measure of the proportion of variation that is due to genetic causes"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "is a measure of proportion of repeated DNA in a... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "is a measure of the proportion of variation that is due to genetic causes"
} | {
"subset": "medical_genetics",
"subject": "medical_genetics"
} |
mmlu_medical | f2d606dbee457ad281216a89bf81a32af6a29194ce62f67a341e4b288bddc234 | validation | mcq | An 84-year-old female is diagnosed with a third recurrence of breast cancer that has now metastasized to the brain and lungs. She does not wish to pursue further treatment at this time despite being advised that this is a terminal condition. Her family insists on trying both radiation and chemotherapy in hopes that the... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "agree with the family since they have the patient's best interest in mind"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "convince the patient to try either radiation or chemotherapy"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "disregard the family's wishes"
},
{
"... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "protect the patient's autonomy"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 837304a51f087fbff10012ae26f5abd1889c865ada5079f8c24a5227806b864e | validation | mcq | A cohort study is conducted to compare the incidence of adverse effects of a recently approved antihypertensive pharmacotherapy with that of conventional therapy. A total of 20,000 patients are enrolled. Twelve thousand are prescribed the recently approved therapy, and 8,000 are prescribed conventional therapy. Patient... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Publication bias"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Selection bias"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Type I error"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Type II error"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Selection bias"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | d52204acb5cc3f915deba86017af6b6bf61be1aff4ba46b0d121093496e97f10 | validation | mcq | A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because he told her he did not want to live anymore. During the past 6 weeks, he has experienced fatigue, loss of interest in usual activities, a 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss, and insomnia. He has no history of serious medical or psychiatric illness. Vita... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Divalproex"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Fluoxetine"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Lamotrigine"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Lithium carbonate"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Fluoxetine"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 610619e4579b7863da1373a8632f076ea3678c6ed96a58c2d0fbc1048549a9e3 | validation | mcq | A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Countertransference"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Identification with the aggressor"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Projection"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Splitting"
}
] | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Countertransference"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 4f08c8cdbd158c46608f2a1ee8a3d4041f8eaa53c53cd883676a2625e21e8a7c | validation | mcq | A 70-year-old woman comes to the office for an annual health maintenance examination. She describes a 1-year history of slowly progressive fatigue, diffuse muscle aches, and generalized pain. Medical history is significant for osteoporosis diagnosed 5 years ago. Medications include alendronate and calcium supplementati... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Electromyography and nerve conduction studies"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "MRI of the cervical spine"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Serum antinuclear antibody assay"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D a... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | ec318e1c6e2c104c1b196afdf85b7f0715b66c6610bbdcdc8bcc5334fb70921f | validation | mcq | A 6-day-old breast-fed boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of poor weight gain and irritability since delivery, and a 2-hour history of vomiting. Physical examination shows jaundice and hepatomegaly. A reducing substance test result of the urine is positive, and a glucose oxidase test resul... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Galactose 1-phosphate"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Glucose 1-phosphate"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Glucose 6-phosphate"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Galactose 1-phosphate"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | d58a5fcfd34be734e85a2bc13976bbbdb6fca13d03128ce67ee308badf387575 | validation | mcq | For 8 weeks, a 52-year-old man with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus has had deep burning pain in the ball of his right foot and big toe when the foot is raised above chest concentration. He also has cramping in his right calf when he walks more than 50 feet. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for ... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Aortoiliac stenosis"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Femoral popliteal stenosis"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Mononeuropathy"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Vasculitis"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Femoral popliteal stenosis"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 7eb6ef8121bec5af7f72bcf1a02080fe1c9405e8a68310bdbe0243ab74e32100 | validation | mcq | A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 4-day history of colicky right flank pain that radiates to the groin and hematuria. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys shows right-sided hydronephrosis and a dilated ureter. Which of the following is most likely to be found on urinalysis? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Glucose"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Leukocyte casts"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Oval fat bodies"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Uric acid crystals"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Uric acid crystals"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 74c01af91e2358f86aeca1a1e4abea2cc0851b9b670a71dff775fa39fa247ab5 | validation | mcq | A 45-year-old man with AIDS comes to the community health center because of a 1-week history of fever, chills, sweating, mild shortness of breath, and nonproductive cough. Medical history is also remarkable for pneumonia 3 years ago that required hospitalization. Today, he says that he lost his job 6 months ago, is now... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Arrange a direct admission to the hospital for this patient"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Continue with obtaining a thorough history and examining this patient"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Place masks on the patient and yourself and then c... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Place masks on the patient and yourself and then continue to evaluate him"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 0fed68309a89b6b0a44cb91946caaff04abb6b971dd562c3a99bce25f15725c6 | validation | mcq | A 19-year-old woman noticed a mass in her left breast 2 weeks ago while doing monthly breast self-examination. Her mother died of metastatic breast cancer at the age of 40 years. Examination shows large dense breasts; a 2-cm, firm, mobile mass is palpated in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. There are no cha... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Fibroadenoma"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Fibrocystic changes of the breast"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Infiltrating ductal carcinoma"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Intraductal papilloma"
}
] | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Fibroadenoma"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 19ba43f5d2dff8603eb5e4b9d5ffaac53e6a2d868e2f8572ef1b43d428779e65 | validation | mcq | A 2-week-old newborn is brought to the physician because his lips have turned blue on three occasions during feeding; he also sweats during feeding. He was born at 38 weeks' gestation and weighed 2466 g (5 lb 7 oz); he currently weighs 2778 g (6 lb 2 oz). His temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 170/min, respiration... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Anomalous coronary vessels"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Atrial septal defect"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Endocardial fibroelastosis"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Tetralogy of Fallot"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Tetralogy of Fallot"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | f3434b38caed35e406d6f0ba95149b705ee4f46dfc7c78db9139501cd355a516 | validation | mcq | A 72-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and cough. She is frail. Physical examination shows tachypnea and equal pulses bilaterally. Percussion of the chest shows dullness over the right lower lung field. Laboratory studies s... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Alveolar proteinosis"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Aspiration"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Cigarette smoking"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Emphysema"
}
] | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Aspiration"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 8e4f174538078a8b0beb5b9a25bb2dc32007f4779e5ba151eeda7084386c972a | validation | mcq | A 24-year-old woman comes to the office for a routine health maintenance examination. She has been generally healthy for the past year. She is 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) tall and weighs 68 kg (150 lb); BMI is 28 kg/m2 . Vital signs are temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse 60/min, respirations 18/min, and blood pressure 118/54 mm... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Bone marrow"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Lateral thigh"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Lower abdomen"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Vulva"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Vulva"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 594d808818f2060c4cf1b0e60dc656dc37eefa006308d6b5a7a5984729e4c8d1 | validation | mcq | An obese 33-year-old woman has had four 12-hour episodes of severe, sharp, penetrating pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen associated with vomiting but no fever. She has no diarrhea, dysuria, or jaundice and is asymptomatic between episodes. There is slight tenderness to deep palpation in the right upper qu... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Supine and erect x-rays of the abdomen"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Upper gastrointestinal series"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Ultrasonography of the upper abdomen"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "CT scan of the abdomen"
... | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Ultrasonography of the upper abdomen"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 89bf6decd6e8d45a348b2e794099276391d6e8aab93ddc66d60e47e136d73dae | validation | mcq | A 25-year-old man with Down syndrome and mild mental retardation is brought to the office by his parents. He is their only child, and they are concerned that his current lifestyle is increasing his risk for coronary artery disease and stroke. The patient has a systolic murmur and also underwent surgical repair of an at... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Advise the parents not to influence their son's decision in this matter"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Arrange for evaluation of their son's competency"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Enroll their son in a smoking cessation program"
},
{
... | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Initiate a family meeting to discuss the parents' concerns with their son"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 2a35fcfa70325156a1c97f5769570cfb6d06be24b4ac2f5fa5d35f5bd2356db4 | validation | mcq | A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician for preconceptional advice. She is recently married and would like to conceive within the next year. She does not eat meat, fish, or dairy products and wishes to decrease the risks of her diet on her baby. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days. She does not ... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Adjusting diet to include more sources of protein during the first trimester"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Beginning folic acid supplementation prior to conception"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Calcium supplementation during the first trime... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Beginning folic acid supplementation prior to conception"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | d88babbfae251a51fceaa08e04671608e8509d1b2a2d5f2bb9e4d9b8ea022d06 | validation | mcq | A grossly obese 65-year-old male presents to the office with tingling and painful itching in the anterolateral region of the thigh. The patient loses weight, and the symptoms disappear. This paresthesia is most consistent with compression of the | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "anterior femoral cutaneous nerve"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "genitofemoral nerve"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "iliohypogastric nerve"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "lateral femoral cutaneous nerve"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "lateral femoral cutaneous nerve"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | c0aa1f59565f1f5149d89b389bfefc9462a76019f6be7a03594a305846cba844 | validation | mcq | A 12-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-month history of intermittent yellowing of the eyes and skin. Physical examination shows no abnormalities except for jaundice. Her serum total bilirubin concentration is 3 mg/dL, with a direct component of 1 mg/dL. Serum studies show a haptoglobin concentrat... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Decreased activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Gallstones"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Increased hemolysis"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity"
}
... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Decreased activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 409719c3189b70dd5005ca6f62f7aec6c0da8394ae7490a87b7f041788156d58 | validation | mcq | A 63-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 4-day history of increasingly severe left leg pain and swelling of his left calf. He also has a 1-month history of increasingly severe upper midthoracic back pain. During this time, he has had a 9-kg (20-lb) weight loss despite no change in appetite.... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Carcinoid syndrome"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Hypercoagulability from advanced malignancy"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Multiple endocrine neoplasia"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Splenic artery aneurysm and embolic dise... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Hypercoagulability from advanced malignancy"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 2d39a713101a29d44f05163465800767889a9c41ee7b5e1e3139800d09bc101a | validation | mcq | A 63-year-old woman with hypertension has her son call your office to make an appointment for evaluation of vaginal bleeding. Her general physician recently retired. The son tells you that his mother has been deaf since infancy and that he uses sign language to communicate with her. Which of the following is the most a... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Have the patient bring her son to the appointment to interpret"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Arrange for a certified interpreter"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Provide the patient with writing materials during the appointment"
},
{
"... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Arrange for a certified interpreter"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | d00e5d095f717ab08c0b796be11ead3311e7cb0e38ef01cdd6860b25497571c5 | validation | mcq | A 4-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being found unconscious in his yard by his parents. He had been playing outside all afternoon; the outside temperature was 95°F. He had been feeling well lately with no recent acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. On arrival... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Adrenal insufficiency with salt wasting"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Impaired sweat gland function with reduced ability to regulate heat loss"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Invasion of the central nervous system by gram-negative organisms"
... | {
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Impaired sweat gland function with reduced ability to regulate heat loss"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 14a4e225a96f071047d070cd7c079a801a31c03433fecb46e56d2ed6109a1f45 | validation | mcq | A 37-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, at 34 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding for 2 hours. She has had no prenatal care. Her second child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate; her other three children were d... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Abruptio placentae"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Amniotic fluid embolism"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Latent phase of labor"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Placenta previa"
}
] | {
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Placenta previa"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 6dabf1f4e29e625f51f96b3c45bea727558b490e68775df413ec6d11a22c0854 | validation | mcq | A previously healthy 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found unconscious on the floor at his workplace. On arrival, he is obtunded. He is intubated and mechanical ventilation is begun. Examination shows flaccid paralysis on the right. A CT scan of the head shows a large evolving cerebra... | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Arrange for the regional organ procurement organization to address the issue with the patient's family"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Delay further consideration of the issue until after 24 hours of aggressive care"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text... | {
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Arrange for the regional organ procurement organization to address the issue with the patient's family"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
mmlu_medical | 95a6331aa7f645141ced3e4738a096d6b4ece8ce83d80dab57cefb90dafca050 | validation | mcq | A 52-year-old woman begins pharmacotherapy after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four weeks later, her hepatic glucose output is decreased, and target tissue glucose uptake and utilization are increased. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for this patient? | null | [
{
"original_key": "A",
"text": "Acarbose"
},
{
"original_key": "B",
"text": "Glyburide"
},
{
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Metformin"
},
{
"original_key": "D",
"text": "Nateglinide"
}
] | {
"original_key": "C",
"text": "Metformin"
} | {
"subset": "professional_medicine",
"subject": "professional_medicine"
} |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
BenchBase MMLU Medical
MMLU Medical normalized into the BenchBase unified schema. Every BenchBase dataset shares the same columns, so one loader and one evaluation loop cover all of them.
- Source: cais/mmlu
- Code and converter: Layered-Labs/benchbase
- Items: 1,242 (test: 1,089, validation: 123, dev: 30)
- Rejected source rows: 0 (see
rejected.json)
Schema
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
dataset_key |
str | Benchmark identifier (mmlu_medical) |
hash |
str | SHA256(question + answer text), stable across option order |
split |
str | Source split |
question_type |
str | mcq |
question |
str | Question stem |
context |
str or null | Passage the question refers to, if any |
options |
list[dict] | [{"original_key": "A", "text": "..."}] |
answer |
dict | The matching option: {"original_key": "D", "text": "..."} |
metadata |
dict | Source fields that do not fit the schema |
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("Layered-Labs/benchbase-mmlu-medical")
print(ds["test"][0])
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