conflict_id stringclasses 28
values | conflict stringclasses 28
values | display_name stringclasses 28
values | country stringclasses 25
values | salience stringclasses 3
values | fact_type stringclasses 3
values | phrasing stringclasses 11
values | question_text stringclasses 364
values | response_id stringlengths 36 76 | engine stringclasses 5
values | model_snapshot stringclasses 5
values | wave int64 1 1 | repeat int64 1 3 | query_datetime stringlengths 27 27 | answer stringlengths 1 17.8k | citations listlengths 0 33 | error stringclasses 1
value | gemini_retrieval_n int64 0 34 ⌀ | gemini_inline_n int64 0 34 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T15:55:12.986332Z | To answer your question, this response breaks down the war's toll during the year **2025** specifically, as well as the cumulative death tolls recorded by the end of 2025, using the most reliable independent data from the United Nations, investigative journalists, and defense think tanks.
---
### 1. Civilian Deaths i... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEszArB1_R9HDYe4zpS8QJk-kFSer_ACBBA5K069IGI7j8Tpx4j0_wZMvXJ8le5poUCngy-COz3KulEH9dv9oawsuKUvIlg9IUH4A25qTizG5EohRfJ4MBfi3PMCmf1a7o=",
"title": "youtube.com",
"wayback": null
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.go... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:05:21.388937Z | Reliable sources do not yet provide a single, comprehensive figure for how many people were *killed specifically in the Russia‑Ukraine war during calendar year 2025*, but available data suggest **tens of thousands** of people were killed in 2025, including several thousand civilians and a much larger number of soldiers... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/11/29/verified-russian-deaths-in-ukraine-war-surpass-150k-independent-tally-a91279",
"title": ""
},
{
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:05:42.748840Z | **Precise figures for total deaths (military and civilian) in the Russia-Ukraine war during 2025 are not publicly available or independently verified in full, as both sides restrict or dispute such data, and independent tallies are incomplete.** Estimates focus more on cumulative totals since the 2022 full-scale invasi... | [
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-grinding-war-ukraine",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/2025-really-really-bad-year-to-be-russian-soldier-sa-011... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:19:31.175558Z | According to the **United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU)** and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), conflict-related violence in **2025 killed at least 2,526 civilians** and injured another **12,162** in Ukraine.
### Key Details & Context:
* **Underreporting:** Th... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHRwG24BQ0rNq31P0_Qk872SwhaVUgxxTuxOnY7ZjOYMCNZAcxFxM0cN2lBmZpsgL9mqGERqnzCpnzXWEV4sDNrFWZljgrhlX82N0ABIRFKLuZE3o1UpBu10S0_1-VBR0zaic4BydozldXL0RlwLPdO2kzIcK1sbtV2BVeS6NLUjp8o4ururLChIpWn0ktzMMSpJIDpdk_w8shVE1tgrmTNzkWxfjCt",
"tit... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-civilian-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:07:09.150462Z | In **2025**, the UN human rights mission verified that **at least 2,514 civilians were killed in Ukraine** and **12,142 were injured**. It also said the true toll is likely higher because not all casualties can be verified. [5]
If you meant **all civilian deaths caused by the war in 2025, including Russian authorities... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/12934... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-civilian-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:07:13.245411Z | **At least 2,514 civilians were verified killed in the Russia-Ukraine war in 2025 (with 12,142 injured), according to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU/OHCHR).**[[1]](https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find)[[2]](https://u... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-December%202025",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.themosco... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-magnitude-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:07:23.069969Z | Interpretation I’m using: you mean the human toll (military + civilian) from Russia’s full‑scale invasion that began on 24 February 2022. There is no single agreed number — estimates vary widely because governments, open‑source name‑lists, and modelling use different methods and many deaths are unreported or unverifiab... | [
{
"url": "https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2026/03/117020/ukraine-violence-worse-ever-security-council-hears",
"title": "Ukraine violence ‘worse than ever’, Security Council hears | The United Nations Office at Geneva"
},
{
"url": "https://societalnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-war/russia-u... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:23:56.525867Z | Determining the overall death toll of the Russia-Ukraine war is challenging because both Russia and Ukraine treat their military casualties as highly classified state secrets. Consequently, the figures are reconstructed using a combination of independent journalism, statistical modeling, intelligence estimates, and UN ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH2O7fZIRHe8Jqfocwxywef-CcsnFI3vtItZ7MJBlw9WIfEwPQEtE6KhOPLga3LlRnTpc931K5qYU5DGdJ_-3Gee13NYHTaGAU7xLqd0stzGWeQQM6-y8jYRGBaBdaZYJ_2YwAfpYgi8YbZigQVrzDFoo4on8-iC502",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaise... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-magnitude-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:08:59.331776Z | There is **no single, precise, agreed total**, but credible estimates suggest **several hundred thousand people have been killed and well over a million have been killed, wounded, or gone missing** since 2014, with the vast majority of casualties since Russia’s full‑scale invasion in February 2022.[1][4]
Because you... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuDjCQwvISQ",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293492/ukraine-war-casualties/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-magnitude-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:09:14.075456Z | **There is no single, verified overall death toll for the Russia-Ukraine war (full-scale invasion since February 2022), as both sides restrict information, independent verification is limited, and estimates differ significantly by source.** Figures typically refer to military fatalities (killed in action or died of wou... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-grinding-war-ukraine",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/09/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-death-toll.html",
"title... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have been relatively limited? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_low-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:09:27.397212Z | Short answer: No — the human cost has been large, not “relatively limited.”
I’m interpreting your phrase “relatively limited” to mean “small compared with other recent wars” or “not a high casualty conflict.” On that standard, the Russia–Ukraine war has produced very large losses (both military and civilian) and massi... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/2026-02-16%20HRMMU_Four%20Years%20On_fact%20sheet.pdf?utm_source=openai",
"title": "FOUR YEARS SINCE THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF UKRAINE:"
},
{
"url": "https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine?gsid=939150c8-8ad4-443a-ac72-d7effa9935b... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have been relatively limited? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:24:36.705463Z | **No, it is not true.** By any modern standard, the casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have been extraordinarily high and historically unprecedented in Europe since the end of World War II.
Independent analysts, Western intelligence, and international organizations estimate that the total human toll of the conflict... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQESjOkD037UU6BMpL1Z8FjyEc28pbis_-cSSihxMa2Z7PD3kOp4stIa9Mg67iDGpcGIWpEWa3P4iXYD5cADTlxtXDVw1TsAHl8s2-FXKImKkDEmFBEi3lHXBBxyOBXiBumRBCM2nNobaHlqMXCfoC_k",
"title": "csis.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have been relatively limited? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_low-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:11:14.497473Z | No. By any historical or human standard, casualties in the Russia‑Ukraine war have been extremely high, not “relatively limited.”
According to the most widely cited independent and governmental estimates:
- **Total military casualties (killed, wounded, missing, captured)**
- The Center for Strategic and Internati... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293492/ukraine-war-casualties/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/4-years-into-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-a-look-at-th... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have been relatively limited? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_low-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:11:27.608510Z | **No, it is not true—casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war (full-scale invasion since February 2022) have been extremely high, not relatively limited.**[[1]](https://www.csis.org/analysis/russia-ukraine-war-10-charts)
Reliable estimates from sources like the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), UK int... | [
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/russia-ukraine-war-10-charts",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-grinding-war-ukraine",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293492/ukraine-war-casualties/?srsltid=AfmBOopCEfH9T8y80PXbDQ3_KgPe... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the Russia-Ukraine war has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_high-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:11:39.288429Z | Short answer: Yes. Interpreting your question as about the human cost from Russia’s full‑scale invasion (started 24 February 2022) through the most recent tallies, the war has caused very large numbers of deaths — especially among combatants — and very many more wounded, missing and displaced.
Key, independently repor... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/2026-02-16%20HRMMU_Four%20Years%20On_fact%20sheet_0.pdf",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2026-01/260127_Jones_War_Ukraine.pdf",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://wardeathdata.c... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the Russia-Ukraine war has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:13:14.666028Z | **Yes, it is true.** The Russia-Ukraine war—especially since the full-scale Russian invasion began on February 24, 2022—has resulted in an immense and devastating loss of life. It is widely recognized as the deadliest and most destructive conflict in Europe since World War II.
Because both nations treat their militar... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQESBgazQ6LOm8BHaUV7FFzXFk5QxeuwTmrKfwZft8lprWAIpi2O2sUH_xKpaAfw0G1K05Z-e0JH2na4MTUoo1nk7D8EHi3SWf-WTXSUfPyaXqamB7u9g3NjmfgUZrZkFy37nSde--16",
"title": "nih.gov"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/groundin... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the Russia-Ukraine war has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_high-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:14:03.054159Z | Yes. The full‑scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused *very large* numbers of deaths and injuries, on a scale not seen in any other war involving a major power since World War II.[6]
Here is what current estimates show:
- **Total military casualties (killed, wounded, missing)**
A major study by the Center fo... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuDjCQwvISQ",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293492/ukraine-war-casualties/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the Russia-Ukraine war has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-casualty-framed_high-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:14:11.588647Z | **Yes, the Russia-Ukraine war (full-scale invasion since February 2022) has caused very large numbers of deaths—hundreds of thousands in total across military and civilian casualties—making it Europe’s deadliest conflict since World War II.**[[1]](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/09/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-death... | [
{
"url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/09/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-death-toll.html",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/may/27/nearly-half-a-million-russians-killed-in-ukraine-war-uk-spy-chief-says",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/a... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-neutral-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:14:23.820505Z | Interpretation: I’ll answer as “Which parties have been documented by independent investigators to have carried out violence against civilians in the Russia–Ukraine war (2022–present)?”
Short answer
- Independent UN investigators, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and other monitoring bodies say the bulk of do... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/248175-un-commission-inquiry-ukraine-finds-continued-systematic-and-widespread-use-torture-and?utm_source=openai",
"title": "UN Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine finds continued systematic and widespread use of torture and indiscriminate attacks harming civilians | United ... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:28:19.324429Z | Responsibility for violence against civilians during the Russia-Ukraine war has been extensively investigated and documented by international bodies, including the United Nations (UN), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and prominent human rights organizations like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
A... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHa2bRWudLQNN4uxeLg8EkoNOLUDY1-ynDHlonslD3Ymsan4ymMSjfi12-rOs-Z1vAjCCuWdOhZlO2JfAGRvV5ich1CqtsQqVJCX0x25XceWpQD5U131dhwWjOn9-tsf2P7QXSZTUXrIe6NzSFHL2fTLugmQqn9wYF3Ghoo2TnwUJ-vqpfHr33b4aTd2Yf6KA==",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:17:54.817295Z | Most documented violence against civilians in the Russia‑Ukraine war is attributed to **Russian state forces and associated units**, which bear primary responsibility because they initiated the full‑scale invasion and have carried out systematic, large‑scale attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure. Ukrainian f... | [
{
"url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/russias-responsibility-for-civilian-harm-in-ukraine-and-its-lack-of-credibility-uk-statement-to-the-osce",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/projects/russias-aggression-in-ukraine/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://ukrai... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:18:08.220026Z | **Russian forces and authorities bear primary responsibility for the overwhelming majority of violence against civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war (full-scale invasion since February 2022), according to UN, ICC, and independent investigations.**[[1]](https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Harm-and-Rights-Violations-Inte... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Harm-and-Rights-Violations-Intensify-in-Ukraine-Four-Years-After-Invasion-UN-Human-Rights-Monitors-Say",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-March-2026",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": ... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-perpetrator-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:18:21.745733Z | Short answer (interpreting your question as "since Russia’s full‑scale invasion began on 24 February 2022"): Russian armed forces (including regular Russian military operations and Russia‑linked forces such as private military groups and proxies) have been responsible for the largest share of verified civilian deaths. ... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/2026-02-16%20HRMMU_Four%20Years%20On_fact%20sheet_0.pdf?utm_source=openai",
"title": "FOUR YEARS SINCE THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF UKRAINE:"
},
{
"url": "https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2026/05/118651/russian-attacks-ukrainia... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:28:46.355256Z | Based on documentation and reports from the United Nations and major international human rights organizations, the **Russian Armed Forces (along with affiliated Russian-backed separatist forces and private military companies like the Wagner Group)** have been responsible for the vast majority of civilian casualties in ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGjAbEvVBWZy_HQ_eKsdj37L9PsRW2VzvKKUNuS-ejTagtL-FuGplHCtQNl8Sx8Y7Np11IUh4zlxtAa6Ad0Snuo3OtJ9hdJ71Ho6jUevV_dYOwwD0WndJU3gJtTuW3jKsWmxH2R1g80QLi4Ef0XC7vyCTdlQ__yhgmzgIDHQRKhDactUtnYQQNfQpVpj3gwSaWUVKQ0tqs7re8KHUgg7l8MYGR9hG0eqIBRXlcQXfU... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-perpetrator-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:29:54.418692Z | **Russia’s armed forces** have killed the most civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war, based on the overwhelming share of documented civilian deaths attributed to Russian attacks since the full-scale invasion began in 2022.[1][2][7]
The strongest available evidence points to this conclusion for two reasons:
- The UN Hum... | [
{
"url": "https://gwaramedia.com/en/russia-has-killed-over-17400-civilians-since-beginning-of-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/07/06/ukraine-civilian-deaths-cluster-munitions",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-perpetrator-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:30:08.967335Z | **Russian armed forces (including through long-range strikes, artillery, drones, and other means) have killed the vast majority of verified civilians in the Russia-Ukraine war.**[[1]](https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Harm-and-Rights-Violations-Intensify-in-Ukraine-Four-Years-After-Invasion-UN-Human-Rights-Monitors... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Harm-and-Rights-Violations-Intensify-in-Ukraine-Four-Years-After-Invasion-UN-Human-Rights-Monitors-Say",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_state-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:30:21.376687Z | Brief interpretation: I read your question as asking which state actor (government or state armed forces) is mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia–Ukraine war.
Short answer: Independent investigations and monitoring missions conclude that a large majority of documented civilian deaths and injuries in Uk... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/node/488?utm_source=openai",
"title": "UN Human Rights Report Warns of Worsening Violations and Mounting Civilian Casualties | UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine"
},
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/ukraine?utm_source=... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:31:02.958391Z | According to independent international monitoring bodies, state forces are overwhelmingly responsible for the civilian casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war. Specifically, reports from the United Nations and other international organizations attribute the vast majority of civilian deaths and injuries to the **Armed Forc... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFm87eeS86_yvwxbX0G4MnDZId9Rx017K-L7juOuGn3ya5ziRZSFeLEi1Vjje_9E1QmS4INR2Q8vzZnH9HcIH_9yQaraEJ1QK5zjoS1S_Cv1yeRpfqsP0qqJbuIdZFMa-SLHRnZ7npYauqpyy_5Jnnt-S-A-47WZbwKPmt7R7-wUWZryNRB6a2gtZuiKapphw7j_SmmGPZlpLAU_sNVcrdaK76pcP_z9ocpqfzBe4Z... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_state-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:31:22.823787Z | According to the most authoritative data and investigations available, **Russian state forces are primarily responsible for the vast majority of civilian deaths in the Russia‑Ukraine war**, although Ukrainian forces have also caused civilian casualties and committed some violations.
### 1. Who is mainly responsible fo... | [
{
"url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/russias-responsibility-for-civilian-harm-in-ukraine-and-its-lack-of-credibility-uk-statement-to-the-osce",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/articles/can-russia-be-held-accountable-war-crimes-ukraine",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "h... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_state-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:31:37.154705Z | **Yes, Russian state forces are mainly responsible for the vast majority of verified civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war (primarily those occurring in Ukraine).**[[1]](https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find)
According to the UN Human Rig... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/four-years-full-scale-invasion-ukraine-key-facts-and-findings-february-2026",
"title": "2"
},
{
"u... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_nonstate-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:31:49.428194Z | Short answer: No. Interpreting “non‑state armed groups” to mean militias/paramilitaries, Russia‑backed separatist formations, private military companies (e.g., Wagner) and foreign volunteer units, the evidence shows they have committed serious abuses — but the large majority of civilian deaths in the war have been caus... | [
{
"url": "https://www.inview.nl/document/idb24d84d2d7804b1298dd784b949eff12/ehrm-09-07-2025-nr-8019-16-nr-43800-14-nr-28525-20-nr-11055-22?utm_source=openai",
"title": "EHRM, 09-07-2025, nr. 8019/16, nr. 43800/14, nr. 28525/20, nr. 11055/22 | InView"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/defa... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:33:15.468579Z | No, **non-state armed groups are not mainly responsible** for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war. Instead, **state armed forces—specifically the official Armed Forces of the Russian Federation—are overwhelmingly responsible** for the vast majority of civilian casualties.
*Note: Depending on how the "Russia-Ukr... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE-M36GfPDSLKAr_iVS9FoklmSRCCJwJl66TmkJ9rh6HIRAp3PAOUhR1qhjxNqJrPXfj1gXD5QDOhuTjS8UFEyWqW_dDxPkIMuiJ2MIEh1-VVnzZlphys-UQxgVAkAPZk2BykgLBvGzK6wRHOhupvzGBcQBejWrikzI54JV0WlgXBTi3ccmlemeKWikrC4FEuNFPFTZdPbjWG18eFhE4Ge3pQ7EsdOIAA==",
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_nonstate-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:33:38.598673Z | No. Available UN and monitoring data indicate that **regular state armed forces—particularly the Russian armed forces—are responsible for the overwhelming majority of documented civilian deaths**, not non‑state armed groups.[1][2][5][6]
### What the data show
- The UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.statista.com/statistics/12934... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-attribution-framed_nonstate-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:33:50.184614Z | **No, non-state armed groups are not mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Russia-Ukraine war.** Available data from the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU/OHCHR) and other monitoring consistently attribute the overwhelming majority of verified civilian casualties to actions by Russian armed f... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-Ukraine-since-2022-UN-human-rights-monitors-find",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Civilian-Harm-and-Rights-Violations-Intensify-in-Ukraine-Four-Years-After-Invasion-UN-Human-Rights-Monitors-Say",
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-neutral-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:34:04.614394Z | Interpretation: I’ll give the number of people currently forcibly displaced by the Russia–Ukraine war — i.e., Ukrainians living as refugees abroad plus those still internally displaced inside Ukraine.
Short answer (most recent authoritative snapshots)
- Refugees from Ukraine (living outside Ukraine): ~5.3 million (UNH... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends",
"title": "Global Trends | UNHCR"
},
{
"url": "https://dtm.iom.int/dtm-insights/february-2026-edition/data-update-durable-solutions-ukraine?utm_source=openai",
"title": "DATA UPDATE: Durable Solutions — Ukraine | Displacement Tracking Matrix"
}
] | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:36:03.499887Z | The Russia-Ukraine war has created one of the largest forced displacement crises in modern history. While the overwhelming majority of those affected are Ukrainians, the war has also displaced populations within and from Russia.
Based on the latest data from the United Nations and official tracking organizations, the... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFsJ0bkyijWmJUVYqS5iYhPGMq445b4RD_kPZYko4jfBoE7lYCN4U4VhM2BKvDh0vG4v5gQs57RCd5oTpEOfEwcPxzmZ2VrSeXjwykmgbYaNwvgabyCIFrHxemVT3P9k6wsIQ4XFJ_UPKbUP2Q=",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.googl... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:36:23.479763Z | According to the latest UN and humanitarian agency figures, **around 10–11 million people are currently displaced by the Russia‑Ukraine war**, combining those who fled abroad and those uprooted within Ukraine.[1][4][6][7]
### How this breaks down
Most recent ranges from major sources:
- **Refugees from Ukraine (ab... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/ukraine-emergency",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://war.huri.harvard.edu/learn-more/internally-displaced-persons/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:36:32.484958Z | **Approximately 9.6–10 million people (as of early 2026), consisting of roughly 3.7 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Ukraine and about 5.7–5.9 million refugees recorded abroad.**[[1]](https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/)[[2]](https://unrefugees.org.uk/media-centre/nearly-10-million-ukraini... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://unrefugees.org.uk/media-centre/nearly-10-million-ukrainians-remain-displaced-by-war-four-years-on/",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/ukraine-crisis-response-pla... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-status-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:36:46.288703Z | Interpretation: I’ll summarize the displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the Russia–Ukraine war as of today (June 15, 2026), using the most recent UN / humanitarian agency data and assessments.
Top-line figures
- Internally displaced inside Ukraine: about 3.7 million people remain internally displaced (IOM... | [
{
"url": "https://dtm.iom.int/dtm-insights/february-2026-edition/data-update-durable-solutions-ukraine?utm_source=openai",
"title": "DATA UPDATE: Durable Solutions — Ukraine | Displacement Tracking Matrix"
},
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics?stream=top",
"title": "Refugee Data ... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:38:42.119294Z | The humanitarian and displacement crisis caused by the Russia-Ukraine war remains acute and deeply challenging. Now in the fifth year of the full-scale war, intensified hostilities—particularly aerial strikes targeting critical infrastructure—have worsened living conditions for millions, causing a steep rise in civilia... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFS8ienpRjhxq58_E5KjYnDUqtvGKvJUKZ-OeK7gtR1F-1VuJ-Nx3anNEB5lN8HVPfHXF94Py3Ayw_iy4TFoCTRPICDK-kCuAX_TLpMicVmEcxDgzY5UD8MjTF5d2dAMMJww9jvtMFQOQ==",
"title": "unhcr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/gr... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-status-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:39:00.010170Z | The Russia–Ukraine war has displaced roughly **a quarter of Ukraine’s pre‑war population** and left **over 12–13 million people in urgent need of humanitarian assistance**, with millions still refugees abroad and millions more displaced inside the country.[1][3][4][5]
### Displacement in numbers
- **Total uprooted fr... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/ukraine-emergency",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://war.huri.harvard.edu/learn-more/internally-displaced-persons/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.rescue.org/country/ukraine",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://hias.org/news... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the Russia-Ukraine war? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-status-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:39:15.706771Z | **As of mid-2026 (data primarily from early 2026 reports), the Russia-Ukraine war has caused significant ongoing displacement and a severe humanitarian crisis entering its fifth year.**[[1]](https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/)[[2]](https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/ukraine-crisis-response-plan-2026)
... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/ukraine-crisis-response-plan-2026",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.nrc.no/news/2026/ukraine-four-years-of-war-leaves-displaced-on-the-brink",
"title": ... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the Russia-Ukraine war, and which ones? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-siege-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:39:29.420345Z | I’ll answer this as a snapshot for today (June 15, 2026). By “under siege” I mean places widely reported as being encircled, cut off, or in a persistent “operational siege” (heavy bombardment, supply routes disrupted, or forces nearly cut off). The frontline is fluid, so local control and the use of the term “siege” ch... | [
{
"url": "https://kyivindependent.com/ukrainian-troops-in-northern-pokrovsk-almost-cut-off-as-russian-drones-dominate-logistics-routes-military-says//?utm_source=openai",
"title": "'Hide-and-seek with death' — Ukraine details grim situation in Pokrovsk"
},
{
"url": "https://112.ua/en/pokrovsk-i-mirn... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the Russia-Ukraine war, and which ones? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:41:24.332126Z | As of June 2026, there are no massive, completely encircled urban "sieges" in Ukraine comparable to the siege of Mariupol in 2022. Due to the widespread use of FPV drones, constant aerial reconnaissance, and long-range artillery, both Russian and Ukrainian forces find it difficult to execute rapid, large-scale encircle... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH6zu_xMhsUnSbDLq8EB7eWQ4RLtB8ecFMw_ObG1lWiXZ8sjWpQPQ2yQQMPDMMo24U0tapH0z6z8ixDHPmshTfeERYAfGiWNY4VgNc72Mh86B7h3nzRew9jeh-agIBhjLA_qM5sg96t",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/gr... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the Russia-Ukraine war, and which ones? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-siege-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:41:48.444080Z | As of mid‑2026, there are **no major Ukrainian cities currently reported as being under full, classic “siege” conditions** (totally encircled with supplies cut off) in the way **Mariupol** was in 2022. The last widely documented, large‑scale siege in this war was the Russian siege of **Mariupol**, which ended with Russ... | [
{
"url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/russia-strikes-near-ukrainian-capital-port-city-under-siege",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3R57H83GVbg",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/feature/russia-ukraine-war-mariupol",
"title": ""
},
{
... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the Russia-Ukraine war, and which ones? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-siege-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:42:05.858637Z | **No towns or areas appear to be under a full traditional siege (complete encirclement, isolation, and blockade like the 2022 Siege of Mariupol) in the Russia-Ukraine war as of mid-June 2026.**[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol)[[2]](https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offens... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-1-2026/",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war getting worse? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-framed_worse-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:42:19.201934Z | Short answer: yes — for many people inside Ukraine the displacement situation is worsening now, even though some displaced people have returned in recent years.
Key points and evidence (with dates):
- As of January 2026 about 3.7 million people remained internally displaced inside Ukraine. At the same time several mil... | [
{
"url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310422-325000-ukrainian-returnees-risk-displacement-again-winter-energy-crisis-deepens-iom-chief",
"title": "325,000 Ukrainian Returnees Risk Displacement Again as Winter Energy Crisis Deepens, IOM Chief | United Nations in Ukraine"
},
{
"url": "https://ukraine.oh... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war getting worse? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:43:26.588636Z | While the massive, chaotic waves of cross-border flight seen during the initial 2022 invasion have stabilized, the displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war is **demonstrably worsening in terms of human suffering, new localized evacuations, deteriorating living conditions, and the transition into a grueling, pro... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGYpSqP0K6KJt06QBpdBwIvMnXDoyWGCH8TJ7W6NUxv3coAISkmoW_d-zNxk75aKaHggGS8oM2kmKvPA5QDVgP-rOw1ZJJ8aE4C5v00dv75SDuCsZQjGYvqEbZPxjOpqiNZytQFtyEegPw6_kbN4OEb9cGiO9j-P0r6mFqf_kmZ11xafUsCHQ5OXiFlBw5l5-hz3SvJ968faNlBYXN5CD4rXMTovngs",
"tit... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war getting worse? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-framed_worse-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:43:55.985163Z | Yes. The displacement situation remains **severe and is deteriorating again on several fronts**, even though total refugee numbers have slightly stabilized compared with the peak in 2022.
Here is what current data and recent reporting show:
- **Overall scale is still enormous and long-term**
- As of early 2025, **a... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/ukraine-emergency",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.rescue.org/country/ukraine",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://war.huri.harvard.edu/learn-more/internally-displaced-persons/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.... | null | null | |
01-ukraine-russia-ukraine | Ukraine (Russia-Ukraine) | Russia-Ukraine war | Ukraine | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war getting worse? | 01-ukraine-russia-ukraine-siege_displacement-framed_worse-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:44:08.851713Z | **No, the overall displacement situation in the Russia-Ukraine war has largely stabilized at high levels rather than significantly worsening in aggregate numbers as of mid-2026, though new displacements continue in frontline areas, most displacement is protracted, and humanitarian needs remain severe.**[[1]](https://ww... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/ukraine-crisis-response-plan-2026",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/IOM_UKR_Internal%20Displacement%20Report_... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-neutral-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:44:31.270081Z | Do you mean “people killed during the calendar year 2025 (Jan 1–Dec 31)”? I’ll answer that way and give the authoritative breakdown and caveats.
Short answer
- According to the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR), at least 11,300 civilians were killed in 2025. ([ungeneva.org](https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/202... | [
{
"url": "https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2026/02/116248/human-rights-council-hears-ongoing-risk-further-genocidal-violence?utm_source=openai",
"title": "Human Rights Council hears of ongoing risk of further genocidal violence in Sudan | The United Nations Office at Geneva"
},
{
"url": "... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:45:40.840981Z | Because of severe communication blackouts, restricted access for journalists, and the displacement of millions of people, establishing an exact death toll for the war in Sudan is exceptionally difficult. However, prominent international organizations and conflict trackers have published conservative minimum estimates f... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEGFWSjCjEMsBP9IjDYslOtSKBu3-WCByj3rE12vjAPZB8GG8si8oG9DoUptNUBPO5f1VOe_VJ9q_apZawZJyuSVjC2CThvCgJqhl7D633v1FWRxPnoDsl3fZE8SGVWzUoEQml0GM22w3DBbfWBsCuoItAz4_vvJ7PgMbl_ANztKHm-RaMC6bCAp9f664ncKHX4x6W82WgJ1EkI0n3fMm9NiU4JUJzIfnJCQIqHNUY... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:46:03.454611Z | There is **no reliable, agreed figure** for how many people were killed specifically *in 2025* in Sudan’s ongoing war, and major organizations explicitly state that such a breakdown does not yet exist.
Here is what the best available sources indicate:
- The UN human rights chief said in early 2025 that **killings of ... | [
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6BoTuYC2YY",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/sudan-genocide-emergency-september-2025",
"title": ""
},
{... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:46:11.527273Z | **There is no precise, verified total for deaths in the Sudan war (SAF vs. RSF conflict) specifically in 2025, as data collection is severely hampered by ongoing fighting, access restrictions, communication blackouts, and lack of official figures.**[[1]](https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260226-civilian-death-tol... | [
{
"url": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260226-civilian-death-toll-in-sudan-war-more-than-doubled-in-2025-un-says",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/sudan-crisis-deepens-amid-rising-civilian-casualties-growing-ethnic-violence",
"title": "2"
},... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-civilian-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:46:24.588004Z | I’ll interpret your question as asking about civilian deaths in the calendar year 2025.
- The UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR) documented at least 3,384 civilians killed between 1 January and 30 June 2025. ([sudan.un.org](https://sudan.un.org/en/301876-sudan-crisis-deepens-amid-rising-civilian-casualties-growing-ethnic-... | [
{
"url": "https://sudan.un.org/en/301876-sudan-crisis-deepens-amid-rising-civilian-casualties-growing-ethnic-violence-and-grim",
"title": "Sudan crisis deepens amid rising civilian casualties, growing ethnic violence and grim humanitarian situation – UN report | United Nations in Sudan"
},
{
"url": ... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:47:33.986657Z | According to the United Nations, the civilian death toll in the Sudanese civil war escalated dramatically in 2025.
### Documented Civilian Deaths
In a report presented to the UN Human Rights Council, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, stated that **at least 11,300 civilians were documented as kil... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGwrzxasC42fVICq-PWHDqoBL7NC5s0mBfQmz5uSu_lxbb8874fepJu7yME--DaMPDwA3BCTE67QKRtDFq1PNNKnB046E2W0JE5OTKJ7rjDJtYiQ6JydosyPpBG-rZa-rsVERw6MJw80WGA35ur_OuC5olyQFhDxwxTKS7gQ42fepkBV7nWESwXhPfgFABcXTz3q_HmP6_rCOHBBQ5Ce_0d5dd5lxhJDb2v45LtCMp... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-civilian-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:48:59.068542Z | According to the UN Human Rights Office, **at least 11,300 civilians were killed in Sudan in 2025**, with the UN stressing that **thousands more are likely dead but still missing or unidentified**, so the *true* civilian toll in 2025 is almost certainly higher.[1][2]
Essential context:
- In a January 2026 briefing, t... | [
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY_Ka7PC2YA",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6BoTuYC2YY",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/sudan-genocide-emergency-september-2025",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.sci... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the war in Sudan in 2025? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-civilian-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:49:05.105720Z | **There is no precise, verified total for civilian deaths in Sudan’s civil war (between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces) specifically in 2025, as figures are incomplete, underreported due to access issues, and often mix direct violence with indirect causes; estimates vary widely and the true toll is ... | [
{
"url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/sudan-crisis-deepens-amid-rising-civilian-casualties-growing-ethnic-violence",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260226-civilian-death-toll-in-sudan-war-more-than-doubled-in-2025-un-says",
"title": "2"
},... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-magnitude-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:49:17.405926Z | Short answer: There is no single agreed total — estimates vary widely because of reporting gaps and whether studies include indirect deaths (famine, disease, collapsed health care). Conservative, directly documented counts put the minimum in the tens of thousands, while broader analyses including indirect mortality giv... | [
{
"url": "https://acleddata.com/report/foreign-meddling-and-fragmentation-fuel-war-sudan?utm_source=openai",
"title": "Foreign meddling and fragmentation fuel the war in Sudan | ACLED"
},
{
"url": "https://visualize.jove.com/40845884?utm_source=openai",
"title": "War-time mortality in Sudan: a m... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:50:22.497657Z | The overall death toll of the war in Sudan—which broke out on April 15, 2023—is highly contested and extremely difficult to verify due to frequent telecommunication blackouts, limited access for journalists, and the severe collapse of the country's healthcare infrastructure.
However, conflict-tracking groups, researc... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFwXbHCdjPlf5vALHJ6S-hiWzXbS7mycTEXt4EUCfERSxYEu98ddDPrOWe52XaOZ4RWhS84jUAiTvwURZizBz3g3yM2VQC3B0ieB4-u04SeEKK9mFY4fIiRXJ2-MB8xAfAYNE2_95k8P1l8rnAWTNzmcuT7hVOpetBWAMsxghj0llBAcdjYwL71Cfn0laCoQDNRShBKCS0f09vh0Urlg0eg9wmxclaQgzcx-PPGGlW... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-magnitude-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:50:37.495847Z | There is **no definitive overall death toll** for the current war in Sudan; credible estimates range from **at least several tens of thousands** to **well over 150,000 deaths**, and some analyses suggest the true number could be **several hundred thousand**, once deaths from starvation and disease are fully accounted f... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2ZTI7sn-Q8",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-off... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-magnitude-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:50:52.503214Z | **There is no precise or officially verified overall death toll for Sudan's civil war (ongoing since April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces), due to widespread violence, collapsed infrastructure, restricted access, and lack of systematic reporting.**[[1]](https://www.cfr.org/global-confli... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/sudan-war-10-charts",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2026/sudan-under-fire/",
"title": "3"
},
{
"url"... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the war in Sudan have been relatively limited? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_low-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:51:04.741686Z | Short answer: No — casualties have been large and rising, not “relatively limited.”
I’m interpreting “casualties” to mean deaths (and related civilian harm/injuries and displacement). Key facts and sources:
- Independent conflict monitors estimate tens of thousands killed. ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data ... | [
{
"url": "https://acleddata.com/qa/qa-how-do-escalating-tensions-middle-east-affect-sudan-conflict?utm_source=openai",
"title": "Q&A: How do escalating tensions in the Middle East affect the Sudan conflict? | ACLED"
},
{
"url": "https://www.unognewsroom.org/story/en/2829/un-report-sudan-crisis-deepe... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the war in Sudan have been relatively limited? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:52:03.569441Z | **No, this is completely false.**
Far from being limited, the civil war in Sudan—which began in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)—is widely recognized as **the world’s worst humanitarian crisis** and one of the deadliest conflicts of the 21st century.
The scale of... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE2EFHIwJKZmYveBfT2-tQcuceny50Eo4v-dpRly7vcZ4jJRaFoNqrjBmKFOcaYJgsrtR3I4V4kconX_pqq8gK1TYyFkBPNKBvvh7Wm3S395zK-rjah4DXgiQf3-j8jKndYbaQmzODJ",
"title": "csis.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/groundi... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the war in Sudan have been relatively limited? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_low-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:52:17.772808Z | No. Casualties in the current war in Sudan are very high and almost certainly heavily undercounted, not “relatively limited.”
Available data are incomplete because active fighting, censorship, and communications blackouts make systematic counting extremely difficult, but several converging estimates show a very large ... | [
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Z_YfggFY_0",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-offer-clues",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/sudan-war-10-charts",
"title"... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the war in Sudan have been relatively limited? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_low-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:52:26.909066Z | **No, it is not true; casualties in Sudan’s civil war (ongoing since April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces) have been substantial and are widely described as underreported, with estimates ranging from tens of thousands of direct deaths to 150,000–400,000 or more when including indirect d... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.euaa.europa.eu/coi/sudan/2025/security-situation/11-overview-con... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the war in Sudan has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_high-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:52:38.995598Z | Short answer: yes — the fighting that began on April 15, 2023 has caused very large numbers of deaths, and estimates vary widely because of reporting gaps and indirect deaths from the collapse of services. ([ungeneva.org](https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2024/06/94527/nowhere-safe-civilians-sudan-war-descend... | [
{
"url": "https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2024/06/94527/nowhere-safe-civilians-sudan-war-descends-further-chaos?utm_source=openai",
"title": "‘Nowhere is safe’ for civilians as Sudan war descends further into chaos | The United Nations Office at Geneva"
},
{
"url": "https://www.zawya.com... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the war in Sudan has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:53:21.195716Z | **Yes, it is absolutely true.** The war in Sudan, which began in April 2023 as a power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has caused a catastrophic and very large number of deaths.
Because of ongoing communication blackouts, severe insecurity, and a lack ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH7f_a2btOCzjko4zUYGpQLwcKHSoOQeTl2sANxORBl3gat-cquI1ex_xOD4je3I4PMjF4USrHZ3wJgHuvIBQ3iXMzNWwuiiBmRrEwQkqrJYo4RVWBW-_jS21K40SbEjxAyCKTVBBsyztT2mgZerkGzr8cTSs6QKw9b7n5Q3-sPfIWE3XNFhQ==",
"title": "healthpolicy-watch.news"
},
{
... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the war in Sudan has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_high-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:53:43.918869Z | Yes. Although exact figures are uncertain, multiple independent sources agree that the current war in Sudan has caused **very large numbers of deaths**, at least in the **tens of thousands** and plausibly **well over 100,000**, with some estimates much higher.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Key points:
- For the **2023–present ci... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-offer-clues",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/s... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the war in Sudan has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-casualty-framed_high-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:53:53.345167Z | [[1]](https://www.csis.org/analysis/sudan-war-10-charts)[[2]](https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-offer-clues)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present))**Yes, it is true.** The civil war in Sudan, which began in Apr... | [
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/sudan-war-10-charts",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-offer-clues",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-neutral-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:54:05.423660Z | I’ll assume you mean the ongoing war that began on April 15, 2023, between Sudan’s regular army and its rival paramilitary. Short answer: multiple parties are responsible — principally the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) — and both, along with allied militias and other armed groups (and t... | [
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/sudan?utm_source=openai",
"title": "World Report 2024: Sudan | Human Rights Watch"
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/08/sudan-war-crimes-rampant-as-civilians-killed-in-both-deliberate-and-indiscriminate-attacks-n... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:54:50.088650Z | In the ongoing war in Sudan, international human rights organizations, the United Nations, and independent investigators hold **both the primary warring parties and their allied militias** responsible for widespread violence, war crimes, and crimes against humanity committed against civilians.
The conflict is waged p... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFHMnUtyOewPILtsKZvGpRGhzTmiVFGskCSDEay75XwbUizJ_47VMNaZ_NQxcCtSplZn5jDhLhg-sABjYMBbo977o1cR8_wPHb1x0U8pHnyiT0F-Hh7wQa2MN6FP1gdG7E=",
"title": "globalr2p.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:55:07.888616Z | **Both sides are responsible**: the **Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)** and the **Rapid Support Forces (RSF)** have both been documented directing large-scale attacks against civilians in Sudan, according to UN investigators and humanitarian organizations.[1][2][3]
The UN’s fact-finding mission reported that **both partie... | [
{
"url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/09/1165784",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/projects/sudan-conflict/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/sudan/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhtLHiClIYM",... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:55:12.801930Z | **Both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), along with their allied militias, bear responsibility for violence against civilians in Sudan’s ongoing civil war (which erupted in April 2023), according to UN investigations, Human Rights Watch (HRW), Amnesty International, and other sources.*... | [
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2026/country-chapters/sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/04/sudan-third-anniversary-conflict-un-and-achpr-au-fact-finding-missions",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/202... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-perpetrator-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:55:25.763651Z | I’ll answer assuming you mean the current civil war that began on April 15, 2023 (the fighting between the Sudan Armed Forces — SAF — and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces — RSF).
Short answer: independent investigations and major governments say the RSF and allied Arab militias have carried out the largest numb... | [
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/05/09/massalit-will-not-come-home/ethnic-cleansing-and-crimes-against-humanity-el?utm_source=openai",
"title": "“The Massalit Will Not Come Home”: Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity in El Geneina, West Darfur, Sudan | HRW"
},
{
"url": "https://suda... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:56:08.759098Z | In the ongoing Sudanese Civil War, international monitors, human rights organizations, and conflict-tracking databases have documented that **both** main warring factions have committed severe war crimes and killed thousands of civilians.
However, when distinguishing between the two forces, tracking organizations (su... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH9P3B6cLvHKASBQYREB1hS8odzYAWZG092N9-i3ipAsGvi7n4wYkVSdaEZkkuBYR0hUzJ3CKW3287F_XQg0eA-PdwO_YMYiwp4M6EJQQr5NRsYSlwdKnyPhF2jfj8Tge2fB-RTafoKGQ==",
"title": "amnesty.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-perpetrator-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:56:55.210918Z | Based on current UN, NGO, and research reporting, **the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and their allied militias are widely assessed to have killed the largest number of civilians in the current war in Sudan**, particularly through massacres and ethnically targeted attacks in Darfur and other regions.[2][4][9]... | [
{
"url": "https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/sudans-war-on-civilians-a-continuation-of-decades-of-atrocities/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-perpetrator-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:57:06.678423Z | **The Rapid Support Forces (RSF, also known as Janjaweed-linked paramilitaries led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo/Hemedti) and their allied militias have been responsible for the largest-scale and most documented targeted killings of civilians in the Sudan civil war (2023–present), particularly through ethnic massacres in Da... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.csis.org/analysis/sudan-war-10-charts",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": "3"
},
... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_state-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:57:18.724117Z | Interpretation I’m using: “the war in Sudan” = the ongoing conflict that began on April 15, 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), plus allied militias (i.e., the main nationwide fighting through June 2026).
Short answer: Responsibility for civilian deaths is shared — both t... | [
{
"url": "https://sudan.un.org/en/301357-%E2%80%9C-war-atrocities%E2%80%9D-sudan-civilians-deliberately-targeted-un-fact-finding-mission-reports?utm_source=openai",
"title": "“A war of atrocities:” Sudan civilians deliberately targeted, UN Fact-Finding Mission reports international crimes on large-scale | U... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:58:05.100316Z | In the ongoing civil war in Sudan (which erupted in April 2023), **neither the government forces nor the rival paramilitary group can be singled out as solely or mainly responsible** for the overall toll of civilian deaths.
Instead, international monitoring bodies—including the United Nations, Human Rights Watch, Amn... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGn6-WfiPMOyW_Heqhnep2kXUe4zLu-gu5QmXfI2S0opFsUjCBvIi2yyyRQ3i9bHuG0E63OUsefs3H2UaEJV_5PwHM5ZFfwUr3j0-gvLAyrGF4KtSVgEg4RbP6p6lWZ23w06hk7oB3g96blZP4Cm85uS9cESOzkFhygYgpudqrZ_gN52UNsKjc1sbtCNSURy0EP7A==",
"title": "adf-magazine.com"
... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_state-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:58:32.071147Z | Most recent UN, U.S. and NGO reporting indicates that **the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied militias are responsible for the largest share of *deliberate* and *targeted* civilian killing, especially massacres and ethnic cleansing in Darfur**, while **both the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF, i.e., the nati... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/projects/sudan-conflict/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/sudan/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.ushmm.... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_state-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:58:44.020409Z | **No, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF, a paramilitary group) and its allies bear primary responsibility for the majority of targeted civilian deaths and the most severe atrocities in Sudan’s civil war (ongoing since April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces/SAF and RSF), though both sides have committed war crimes and... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjel2nn22z9o",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sudan-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_nonstate-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:58:59.495520Z | Short answer: No — both state forces and non‑state armed groups are major causes of civilian deaths in the 2023–present war in Sudan. Responsibility varies by place and period: in some areas non‑state forces (notably the RSF and allied militias) carried out mass killings, while in others the Sudan Armed Forces’ airstri... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unognewsroom.org/story/en/2829/un-report-sudan-crisis-deepens-amid-rising-civilian-casualties-un-human-rights-spokesperson-jeremy-laurence-and-ohchr-sudan-representative-li-fung/8489?utm_source=openai",
"title": "UN Geneva - Multimedia Newsroom : UN report: Sudan crisis deepens amid ri... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T16:59:46.614609Z | Determining whether non-state armed groups are "mainly responsible" for civilian deaths in the Sudanese civil war requires examining how international monitors attribute responsibility.
The short answer is **no, non-state armed groups are not solely or even mainly responsible for all civilian deaths.** Instead, indep... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGHYjbx8ahetGIoJfZdkgfmtS7sScwNqjbCh0xZgNTFmDfLEp1RXfnfBojwoA4WAUUJiP54YHvKDOhc_OWY341uqd03eGO7mpk_kQx1lr2QGyej9R4smUg4jkjcJwaqp61yHF6fQZfjro-17U0NB2aUTH0=",
"title": "hrw.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.goo... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_nonstate-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:00:18.703498Z | No. Available data and monitoring by conflict databases and human rights groups indicate that **the majority of directly documented civilian deaths are caused by the two main warring parties – the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF, a state force) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF, a major non‑state armed group) – with the RSF... | [
{
"url": "https://www.science.org/content/article/how-many-have-died-sudan-s-civil-war-satellite-images-and-models-offer-clues",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://acleddata.com/report/foreign-meddling-and-fragmentation-fuel-war-sudan",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wik... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-attribution-framed_nonstate-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:00:36.480755Z | **No, not primarily or solely—both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF, the state military) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF, a paramilitary group) along with allied militias bear significant responsibility, though RSF-linked non-state actors (including militias) are frequently documented as responsible for the largest-sca... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/sudan/",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": "3"
},
{
"... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-neutral-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:01:00.975283Z | Interpretation: I take your question to mean "since the April 2023 fighting began, how many people have been forced from their homes (internally displaced + those who fled abroad) because of the war in Sudan?"
Short answer: about 14 million people. As of April 2026 UN agencies report roughly 14 million people have bee... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/three-years-war-weary-sudanese-remain-move",
"title": "Three years on, war-weary Sudanese remain on the move | UNHCR"
},
{
"url": "https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/121204?utm_source=openai",
"title": "2026 SUDAN REGIONAL"
}
] | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:01:48.080946Z | Since the outbreak of the war in Sudan on April 15, 2023, the conflict has triggered the largest displacement crisis in the world.
As of mid-2026, the key displacement statistics from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) show the following:
### Total Displa... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFW5FvDv4JlB2-h-7bMspu5QRy4QttYLrxcBErw5iBckHLpMPiUzfmyZ4p-9FQzwvbtouOQMwJuIt1nlQrQHsc2VNdaB6sj5MBM74Wc_vR-oFYvvmbbre0D0xc-1N5yNz2VeXDaXrpEVT-zks-qPMpPN20mRx_YmkMPEu77Ohmb8SiHkhMbXNwFT4mUtG9JxAj-a4QS4K3-f1U=",
"title": "iom.int"
... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-neutral-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:02:05.312936Z | The war in Sudan has displaced on the order of **12–14 million people** from their homes, making it one of the world’s largest displacement crises.[2][3][5][6]
Key figures from major agencies and analyses:
- **Total displaced (internal + refugees):**
- UNHCR states that the conflict has forced **nearly 13 million p... | [
{
"url": "https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/photos-worlds-largest-displacement-crisis",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/sudan-emergency",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-sudan-what-happening-and-how-help",
"title... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-neutral-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:02:12.212913Z | **Approximately 11.5–14 million people have been forcibly displaced by the ongoing war in Sudan (which began in April 2023), making it one of the world’s largest displacement crises.**[[1]](https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167281)[[2]](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation)
This includes both intern... | [
{
"url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167281",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/sudansituation",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/articles/what-extent-sudans-humanitarian-crisis",
"title": "3"
},
{
"url": "https://dtm.iom.i... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-status-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:02:24.738684Z | Interpretation: a country‑wide, up‑to‑date snapshot of displacement and the humanitarian emergency in Sudan (using the latest UN/agency figures available as of mid‑June 2026).
Summary (key facts)
- Scale of displacement: since the war began on 15 April 2023, roughly 14 million people have been forced to flee. Of these... | [
{
"url": "https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2026/04/117525/sudan-14-million-displaced-hunger-and-attacks-health-continue-war",
"title": "Sudan: 14 million displaced; hunger and attacks on health continue as war enters fourth year | The United Nations Office at Geneva"
},
{
"url": "https://... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:03:51.380881Z | As the war in Sudan enters its fourth year, the country is grappling with what the United Nations and international observers classify as the **world's largest humanitarian, displacement, and protection crisis**.
Fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has caus... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFFPWj82GT8cuoCf8mPFCvkuyx4V1nzfP6avpct2Oc_wW9wU1LluncNEtqMkHAWe-TvqxzN2mEd0IBnN82RQiROIexSn-S4YxBeQg2iKLEC5cdyX1XXDLFlOSylXKFzN5Mz4a_8xf4ipqBH7ThYtr1i-0_yzcoAUB0=",
"title": "cfr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.c... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-status-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:04:21.074925Z | The war in Sudan has created the **world’s largest and fastest‑growing displacement and hunger crisis**, with roughly **13–14 million people forced from their homes** and a massive humanitarian emergency marked by famine, disease, and the collapse of basic services.[1][4][5]
### Scale of displacement
Figures differ s... | [
{
"url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167281",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/projects/sudan-conflict/",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.resc... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the war in Sudan? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-status-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:04:38.677428Z | **As of mid-2026, Sudan’s civil war (ongoing since April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces) has created the world’s largest displacement and humanitarian crisis.**[[1]](https://www.cfr.org/articles/what-extent-sudans-humanitarian-crisis)[[2]](https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/sudan-emer... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/articles/what-extent-sudans-humanitarian-crisis",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/us/emergencies/sudan-emergency",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-crisis-situation-analysis-period-110526-170526",
"title"... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the war in Sudan, and which ones? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-siege-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:04:53.399621Z | Short answer — yes. As of today (June 15, 2026) several towns have been reported as besieged, encircled or effectively blockaded at various times during the war; the most frequently cited current/historic examples are below. Note that front lines and access change rapidly, so status can shift in days.
Key places repor... | [
{
"url": "https://apnews.com/article/3f386e1367848038bb9348a29ba40422?utm_source=openai",
"title": "Sudanese paramilitary drone strikes kill at least 15 people in central region, officials say"
},
{
"url": "https://time.com/7330603/famine-sudan-el-fasher-rsf/?utm_source=openai",
"title": "Famine... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the war in Sudan, and which ones? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:05:45.659594Z | As of mid-2026, the civil war in Sudan—now in its fourth year—extensively features the use of **siege tactics**. Paramilitary forces (primarily the Rapid Support Forces, or RSF) frequently employ blockades to cut off government-held urban centers. These tactics have strangled local economies, blocked humanitarian aid, ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFCJlqseckRCJ5SXWoWOnc3_1G2MbAlAggNUpNOUjr5mb0QJP75AGIwIuwgxYgvWruouR6_Q1NryCbmbi-CJ3mvUIRk6DbqmA5d2S7g4lj29fBxFrSjSmF4yBil9-ow6u5OmMFj4VtttytZfkLdfwRF1lbUp5QDVK08XHYbKa8hkXTtRNV4R2kYTycS17I=",
"title": "reliefweb.int"
},
{
... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the war in Sudan, and which ones? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-siege-perplexity-w1-r1 | perplexity | sonar-pro | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:06:22.311373Z | As of mid‑2026, there are **no longer major cities in Sudan under a classic, months‑long “siege” like El Fasher was**, but **several towns and areas are effectively under “siege‑like” or “siege conditions”**, where civilians are trapped by encirclement, road blockades, or sustained attacks that cut off supplies.
### 1... | [
{
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_El_Fasher",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SBhMhxL7q0",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cnpHLmw5Hs",
"title": ""
},
{
"url": "https://operationbrokensilence.org/blog/inside-t... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the war in Sudan, and which ones? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-siege-grok-w1-r1 | grok | grok-4.3 | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:06:34.044721Z | **Yes, but the situation has evolved significantly by mid-2026, with several major past sieges lifted or resolved, while ongoing conflict in the Kordofan region creates risks of isolation, attacks, and siege-like conditions.**[[1]](https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan)[[2]](https://... | [
{
"url": "https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan",
"title": "1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2026-02/sudan-38.php",
"title": "2"
},
{
"url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2026/country-chapters/sudan",
"titl... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the war in Sudan getting worse? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-framed_worse-openai-w1-r1 | openai | gpt-5-mini | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:06:51.447308Z | Interpretation: I’m answering about forced displacement (internally displaced people and refugees) from the Sudan war up to the present (June 15, 2026).
Short answer: Yes — the displacement crisis remains enormous and, in many places, is getting worse for those affected. National totals have fluctuated because some pe... | [
{
"url": "https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/three-years-war-weary-sudanese-remain-move",
"title": "Three years on, war-weary Sudanese remain on the move | UNHCR"
},
{
"url": "https://www.wfp.org/news/joint-news-release-wfpfaounicef-risk-famine-persists-nearly-195-million-people-face-acute-fo... | null | null | |
03-sudan-rsf-saf | Sudan (RSF-SAF) | war in Sudan | Sudan | high | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the war in Sudan getting worse? | 03-sudan-rsf-saf-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-15T17:07:42.392271Z | The displacement situation in Sudan's ongoing war is **getting worse**.
While the raw number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has fluctuated slightly from its absolute peak in January 2025 due to desperate and fragile returns, international humanitarian organizations, the United Nations, and human rights expert... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQET-OBB4-ykyZB_Z8ZCtZO-dz1q41Z7_v9D1IyT5RWKy5rtx40UEUB1Tr-nS-uS1YLOBX2FiYByRGAa2S3bnKvQ91RbVRufVIi_lK-gPAPGseqv_z22JL_MIcAvb9UxYYmEvoykL3RQa__RMasSXNAs6fKExVqwsbYhejxAX_bg9k7IgX-WLnQkYg4s0g==",
"title": "reliefweb.int"
},
{
... | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.