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quant/1555_e7092497f88afe56_540.txt | **No. 9333****Wealth Effects, Heterogeneity and Dynamic Fiscal Policy** **Zsolt Becsi** **Abstract:** This paper studies the dynamic effects official policies in a simple perfect foresight model with heterogeneous agents. To obtain an analytical solution, Long and Plosser's (1983) functional form assumptions are combin... |
quant/43773_310dc47c99375b88_42.txt | Hence, the input and output dimensions of the (j)𝑗(j)( italic\_j )-th KAN layer are nj−1subscript𝑛𝑗1n\_{j-1}italic\_n start\_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic\_j - 1 end\_POSTSUBSCRIPT and njsubscript𝑛𝑗n\_{j}italic\_n start\_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic\_j end\_POSTSUBSCRIPT respectively and j𝑗jitalic\_j ranges from 1 to L𝐿Litalic\_... |
quant/22614_31f6efad38cdc0e0_317.txt | For financial time series models the second condition is not fulfilled, because they contradict the presence of volatility clusters (see Chap. 13), i.e. the local frequency of extreme observations. The extremal index of an ARCH(1) process with parameters ω, α (see Definition 13.1) is, for example, always δ = δ(α) 0 th... |
quant/2434_979fc1e5faab2aa1_365.txt | Actor-critic methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various challenging tasks. However, theoretical understandings of their performance remain elusive and challenging. Existing studies mostly focus on practically uncommon variants such as double-loop or two-timescale stepsize actor-critic algorithms for ... |
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quant/4115_85001d0ae3f61438_236.txt | With respect to report formatting, an investor advocacy group stated that header data should be included in the Rule 605 reports, arguing that “it is impossible to understand the reports” without looking separately to published Commission guidance.[873] This commenter also stated that Rule 605 reports should continue t... |
quant/43794_3424c9b9646c2909_267.txt | day after expiration, he is naked long or short not one or two but many underlying contracts. There can be no certain solution to the problem of pin risk. With many, perhaps thousands, of open contracts outstanding, some at-the-money options will be exercised and some won’t. If the trader lets the position go to expira... |
quant/40018_c1fe781287753aa7_5831.txt | I've just graduated motrin infantil precio mexico ssp "Nevertheless, well-qualified companies with specialtechnical capabilities and unique know-how can do very well andprovide excellent profitability," said Mobius, who oversees morethan $50 billion in emerging markets equities at FranklinTempleton Investments. doxycyc... |
quant/33548_6403240bf1333865_289.txt | The informal way to understand this relation is to think about a recursion as a sequential process. The sequential nature of the process can be mapped onto some notion of time. Therefore, if we formally replace T − t → k in the original time-dependent Bellman equation (9.14), it produces Eq. (9.29). The relation (9.29)... |
quant/e39dcf48_61087.txt | Parameters: ts (pd.Series): Time series to test print( n KPSS Test (Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin): ) result kpss(ts, regression c , nlags auto ) print(f Test Statistic: result:.4f ) print(f p-value: result:.4f ) print( Reject H₀? , Yes if result 0.05 else No ) |
quant/43794_3424c9b9646c2909_122.txt | The Rho The sensitivity of an option’s theoretical value to a change in interest rates is given by its rho (P), usually expressed as the change in theoretical value for each one percentage point change in interest rates. Unlike the other sensitivities, one cannot generalize about the rho because its characteristics dep... |
quant/16548_d4655b6808b69bdd_263.txt | Path planning, the problem of efficiently discovering high-reward trajectories, often requires optimizing a high-dimensional and multimodal reward function. Popular approaches like CEM and CMA-ES greedily focus on promising regions of the search space and may get trapped in local maxima. DOO and VOOT balance exploratio... |
quant/2434_92d9af5af72690cf_924.txt | This more recent research does not directly address the relationship between payer-specific charges negotiated between hospitals and MAOs and Medicare IPPS payment rates, but it is generally consistent in other respects to the earlier research we cited in the FY ( printed page 33807) 2021 IPPS/LTCH PPS final rule (85 F... |
quant/2028_352703d7810e6e6f_288.txt | The Synergistic Subsystem Keto Recipes. Lose weight and live healthy with Keto recipes! Common mistakes people make when trying to lose weight are not creating a personalized plan, cutting calories too quickly, and staying on a diet for too long, Sikes said in a recent presentation for KetoCon Online. The easiest way t... |
quant/2028_141e1074348832dd_104.txt | LOS 42d: Describe types of participants in commodity futures markets. Vol 6, pp 205-208 Historically, forward markets operated to provide buyers and sellers with unique contract terms tailored to their own needs. For example, a farmer operating in the United States in the 1820s might agree to sell 56,000 bushels of com... |
quant/16548_e56c7811f7de6cf1_16.txt | We present a framework to statistically audit the privacy guarantee conferred by a differentially private machine learner in practice. While previous works have taken steps toward evaluating privacy loss through poisoning attacks or membership inference, they have been tailored to specific models or have demonstrated l... |
quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_3518.txt | Trained transformer models have been found to implement interpretable procedures for tasks like arithmetic and associative recall, but little is understood about how the circuits that implement these procedures originate during training. To what extent do they depend on the supervisory signal provided to models, and to... |
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quant/33548_6403240bf1333865_186.txt | 2.1 Sensitivities We shall therefore turn to a “white-box” technique for determining the importance of the input variables. This approach generalizes Dimopoulos et al. (1995) to a deep neural network with interaction terms. Moreover, the method is directly consistent with how coefficients are interpreted in linear regr... |
quant/40018_6c42289e56d260ca_106.txt | Investing $10,000 in a few of the new millennium’s most popular stocks during 2000 would have resulted in some devastating losses for investors. Table 4.4 How Investors were Punished Source: Morningstar and Burton Malkiel, A Random Walk Down Wall Street, 200312 Formerly Hot Stocks $10,000 Invested at the Market High in... |
quant/33548_d2de47d22c913767_304.txt | 5.4 TOOLS FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT The architecture of a robust algorithmic trading strategy is akin to an intricate edifice, its strength residing in the precision of its construction and the quality of its materials. In this section, we examine the tools that serve as the foundation for developing, testing, and imple... |
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quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_3053.txt | Detecting Human-Object Interactions (HOI) in zero-shot settings, where models must handle unseen classes, poses significant challenges. Existing methods that rely on aligning visual encoders with large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to tap into the extensive knowledge of VLMs, require large, computationally expensive mo... |
quant/2028_0617147f133738d1_261.txt | 10.5 PRICE DRIVERS FOR EMISSIONS MARKETS Economic growth As an economy expands it is likely that production of carbon and other industrial gases will increase. For action on global warming to be truly effective, an overall global limit on the amount of greenhouse gases produced would be needed. Politically this would b... |
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quant/49600_045c259afb835ab2_12.txt | The sample size required for a cluster randomised trial is inflated compared with an individually randomised trial because outcomes of participants from the same cluster are correlated. Sample size calculations for longitudinal cluster randomised trials (including stepped wedge trials) need to take account of at least ... |
quant/16548_d4655b6808b69bdd_1192.txt | Policy optimization is a widely-used method in reinforcement learning. Due to its local-search nature, however, theoretical guarantees on global optimality often rely on extra assumptions on the Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) that bypass the challenge of global exploration. To eliminate the need of such assumptions, ... |
quant/55545_3a4175109a886667_7.txt | 1. ^ ***a*** ***b*** (Neftçi 2008, pp. 458–460, 11.2 How Can We Define Moneyness?) 2. **^** Chugh, Aman (2013). *Financial Derivatives- The Currency and Rates Factor* (First ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt Ltd, licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. p. 60. ISBN "ISBN (identifier)") 978-81-317-7433... |
quant/22614_5bf7ac5b1b78f53b_125.txt | Choudhry, M. (2004). The Credit Default Swap Basis: Analysing the Relationship Between Cash and Synthetic Credit Markets. Journal of Derivatives Use, Trading and Regulation, 10 (1), 8–26. Choudhry, M. (2006). Revisiting the Credit Default Swap Basis: Further Analysis of the Cash and Synthetic Credit Market Differential... |
quant/33548_a331350d22b16c6b_39.txt | Convergence of multimodal intelligence and open-source agentic design marks a pivotal moment for clinical AI. The **Qwen3-VL-8B-Thinking** model demonstrated the necessary core intelligence to diagnose and manage a complex, multifactorial condition. One of the most profound lessons is that **efficiency must yield to ve... |
quant/33548_d2de47d22c913767_300.txt | Legal and compliance considerations form the bedrock upon which all datadriven strategies must be constructed. This is particularly true when incorporating alternative data, an area burgeoning with potential yet fraught with legal complexities. In this section, we embark on a thorough exploration of the regulatory scaf... |
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quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_2017.txt | Uncertainty quantification in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for applications where safety and reliability are important. In particular, uncertainty can be used to improve the trustworthiness of LLMs by detecting factually incorrect model responses, commonly called hallucinations. Critically, one should seek t... |
quant/16548_45d2ad3e5484bd27_153.txt | Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving domains, there is often need to fine-tune LLMs to improve either the kind of knowledg... |
quant/1565_6e701e808361589b_148.txt | Multimodal learning significantly benefits cancer survival prediction, especially the integration of pathological images and genomic data. Despite advantages of multimodal learning for cancer survival prediction, massive redundancy in multimodal data prevents it from extracting discriminative and compact information: (... |
quant/34743_1525ece966560489_85.txt | Manufacturing semiconductors starts by designing them, making electronic design automation (EDA) software that assists in the definition, planning, design, implementation, verification, and subsequent manufacturing of semiconductors vitally important. Historically, EDA has “constituted] a weak link in the PRC’s efforts... |
quant/43794_6c42289e56d260ca_171.txt | In 1981, Rex Sinquefield became chairman of Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) and McQuown of Wells Fargo joined DFA’s board of directors. DFA develops low-cost index-based investment strategies for advisor clients through mutual funds and for institutional clients through privately managed portfolios. The First Index Fun... |
quant/55545_6c42289e56d260ca_757.txt | The logic of Market Pricing remains cognitively unnatural as well, as we saw in the widespread resistance to interest and profits until the modern era. One can line up the models, Fiske notes, along a scale that more or less reflects their order of emergence in evolution, child development, and history: Communal Sharin... |
quant/7a568897_1426.txt | Leontief's Input-Output Model Risk as a Measuring Tool and Decision Criterion Break-even and Cost Analyses Modeling the Bidding Process Products Life Cycle Analysis and Forecasting Chapter 12: Learning and The Learning Curve |
quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_1251.txt | Federated Learning (FL) has recently been applied to the parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). While promising, it raises significant challenges due to the heterogeneous resources and data distributions of clients.This study introduces FlexLoRA, a simple yet effective aggregation scheme for L... |
quant/55545_18d98ce3ccb40723_22.txt | **Table 7** reports of regression results of put slope and call slope on the latent factor. The latent factor is negatively related to the put slope and positively related to the call slope, supporting the hypothesis that stocks with greater belief differences have more pronounced smiles. The absolute value of t-statis... |
quant/986_cb1c39719d16602d_592.txt | A key assumption is that the past data have a very bearing on the future probabilities. Even using the normality method you need past data to estimate the size of the various probabilities. So, you might gather data from the previous three or five years. If unusual/infrequent events are not present in that dataset you... |
quant/618265b8_62234.txt | Out of sample tests are a necessity, even though it is not (of course) foolproof. The last stage of an out-of-sample test is the incubation period of many months where you trade it live in a demo account. |
quant/1d7027ae_63739.txt | Another related paper is Yang et al. (2024), which builds on Gu et al. (2021) by using a conditional autoencoder model to approximate the distribution of future stock returns via a step function using a conditional quantile variational autoencoder (CQVAE). The authors show that the CQVAE model effectively captures the ... |
quant/2434_979fc1e5faab2aa1_95.txt | Graph-based consistency principle has been successfully applied to many semi-supervised problems in machine learning. Its performance largely depends on the quality of augmented graphs, which has been recently proven that revealing graph properties and maintaining the invariance of graphs are crucial for good performan... |
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quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_3484.txt | Dynamic scenes rendering is an intriguing yet challenging problem. Although current methods based on NeRF have achieved satisfactory performance, they still can not reach real-time levels. Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has garnered researchers' attention due to their outstanding rendering quality and real-time... |
quant/1565_95ab9546629598af_1.txt | This concept underpins virtually every quantitative trading model by providing the tools to represent, manipulate, and extract structure from high-dimensional financial data. Linear Algebra Matrices and vectors compactly encode asset returns and risk exposures, while operations like eigen decomposition and singular val... |
quant/16548_d4655b6808b69bdd_346.txt | Although deep feedforward neural networks some characteristics with the primate visual system, a key distinction is their dynamics. Deep nets typically operate in serial stages wherein each layer completes its computation before processing begins in subsequent layers. In contrast, biological systems have cascaded dyna... |
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quant/40018_a2de22b66c41a917_56.txt | 55 debt-to-GDP ratio would be brought down to its 50-year average of around 40 percent. In regards to the deficit, a good rule-of-thumb is that the ‘‘primary’’ budget deficit—which is defined as Federal non-interest spending minus tax revenues—needs to be around zero, on average, for the debt-to-GDP ratio to remain con... |
quant/8f7963b8_61532.txt | - Spot Price (S): 100 - Call Price (C): 7 - Put Price (P): 6 - Strike Price (X): 105 - Risk-Free Rate (r): 4 - Time to Expiration (T): 1 year |
quant/31894_8fe6cc0d03eda939_248.txt | Equity exposures are defined on the basis of the economic substance of the instrument. They include both direct and indirect ownership interests,Footnote 24 whether voting or non-voting, in the assets and income of a commercial enterprise or of a financial institution that is not consolidated or deducted. [Basel Framew... |
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quant/24617_1525ece966560489_44.txt | One final note on methodology: The goal of this study was not to predict future technological developments. Both private markets, the main determinant, and government policies are themselves highly unpredictable, and the interactions and eventual outcomes among them are even more so. But to use an analogy, if someone o... |
quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_3954.txt | The domain adaptation method effectively mitigates the negative impact of domain gaps on the performance of super-resolution (SR) networks through the guidance of numerous target domain low-resolution (LR) images. However, in real-world scenarios, the availability of target domain LR images is often limited, sometimes ... |
quant/59430_71c09eda07e6efdd_82.txt | Standard-setting bodies are professional organizations of accountants and auditors that establish financial reporting standards. Regulatory authorities are government agencies that have the legal authority to enforce compliance with financial reporting standards. The two primary standard-setting bodies are the Financia... |
quant/24617_e7092497f88afe56_484.txt | **No. 9805****The Rise of Goods-Market Competition and the Fall of Nominal Wage Contracting: Endogenous Wage Contracting in a Multisector Economy** **John V. Duca and David D. VanHoose** Published as: Duca, John V. and David D. VanHoose (2001), "The Rise of Goods-Market Competition and the Fall of Nominal Wage Contract... |
quant/43794_ee3a979aef36b9c1_101.txt | and complex securitization means that the ultimate owner–investors and lenders have little knowledge of the underlying characteristics of the originated loan and, in case of crisis, little possibility of cooperative restructuring. Exhibit 7.1 summarizes the list of variables impacting real estate and classifies them in... |
quant/19289_145cbf6b9d3f1987_336.txt | Every US state requires private health insurers to cover certain conditions, treatments, and providers. These benefit mandates were rare as recently as the 1960’s, but the average state now has more than forty. These mandates are intended to promote the affordability of necessary health care. Our study aims to determin... |
quant/2434_979fc1e5faab2aa1_237.txt | Point-supervised vision tasks, including detection and segmentation, aiming to learn a network that transforms from points to pseudo labels, have attracted much attention in recent years. However, the lack of precise object size and boundary annotations in the point-supervised condition results in a large performance g... |
quant/986_56113e70e0c03d33_734.txt | We now consider in greater detail the forms that systemic risk may take in banking, including risks in the interbank payment infrastructure. The theoretical literature in this area is surveyed in the light of the concept discussed in the previous section. Theories of bank contagion have now developed signiWcantly. Trad... |
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quant/16548_9324ea152edd3dd3_196.txt | We study adversarial attacks on linear stochastic bandits: by manipulating the rewards, an adversary aims to control the behaviour of the bandit algorithm. Perhaps surprisingly, we first show that some attack goals can never be achieved. This is in a sharp contrast to context-free stochastic bandits, and is intrinsical... |
quant/16548_d4655b6808b69bdd_529.txt | We present a new algorithm for the approximate near neighbor problem that combines classical ideas from group testing with locality-sensitive hashing (LSH). We reduce the near neighbor search problem to a group testing problem by designating neighbors as "positives," non-neighbors as "negatives," and approximate member... |
quant/16548_e56c7811f7de6cf1_168.txt | Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the mathematical tool of choice for modelling spatiotemporal PDE-dynamics under the influence of randomness. Based on the notion of mild solution of an SPDE, we introduce a novel neural architecture to learn solution operators of PDEs with (possibly stochastic) forc... |
quant/43794_519c5051f3fa99d8_148.txt | Using the three criteria simultaneously, in run 1, 0.5% pass the cointegration test, in run 2, 0.4%. The results are summarized in Exhibit 4.5. These numbers refer to two samples of random walk realizations. We can see that there are large fluctuations between the two samples and large discrepancies between the three d... |
quant/4115_f85e88826fd4211f_18.txt | Leveraged and Inverse Funds As noted above, a specific type of derivatives-based ETF has introduced further complexity by seeking to provide returns that are (a) a multiple of the underlying index through the use of leverage (which can magnify gains or losses) or (b) the inverse (or a multiple of the inverse) of the un... |
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quant/33548_6403240bf1333865_76.txt | 7.2 Model Selection So far, we just considered parameter inference when the model has already been selected. The Bayesian setting offers a very flexible framework for the comparison of competing models—this is formally referred to as “model selection.” The models do not have to be nested—all that is required is that th... |
quant/49600_bce02db4cbe664bf_95.txt | Inaccuracies in computational molecular modeling methods are often counterweighed by brute-force generation of a plethora of putative solutions. These are then typically sieved via structural clustering based on similarity measures such as the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of atomic positions. Albeit widely used, t... |
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quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_1073.txt | Bayesian optimisation (BO) is a powerful framework for global optimisation of costly functions, using predictions from Gaussian process models (GPs). In this work, we apply BO to functions that exhibit invariance to a known group of transformations. We show that vanilla and constrained BO algorithms are inefficient whe... |
quant/16548_d4655b6808b69bdd_1161.txt | Structural analysis methods (e.g., probing and feature attribution) are increasingly important tools for neural network analysis. We propose a new structural analysis method grounded in a formal theory of causal abstraction that provides rich characterizations of model-internal representations and their roles in input/... |
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quant/1555_e7092497f88afe56_61.txt | **Globalization Institute No. 420 A Theory of Net Capital Flows over the Global Financial Cycle J. Scott Davis and Eric van Wincoop** **Abstract:** We develop a theory to account for changes in net capital flows of safe and risky assets over the global financial cycle. We show empirically that countries that have a net... |
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quant/7533_fcc7cff7081a2192_35.txt | A bit more than a few decades back, I read my first book on technical analysis. Over the years I have researched, tested and thrown out many disciplines. However, I always kept a notebook that became a compilation of the best parts of each technical tool and indicator. By doing so I developed my own personal approach u... |
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quant/60e1fbdb_4351.txt | Fed Head Janet Yellen is keeping alive the tradition of her predecessors, Messrs. Greenspan and Bernanke, by showing she is equally as blind-sighted to the bubbles central banks are blowing in the bond and equity markets. During her September press conference, Ms. Yellen stubbornly clung to the misconception that it is... |
quant/b12d16be_61211.txt | - Covered Calls : Hold the underlying stock and sell call options, earning premium as time passes. - Iron Condors: Sell both OTM calls and puts, profiting if the stock stays within a defined range. - Credit Spreads : Sell a higher-premium option and buy a lower-premium one for protection, limiting risk. - Selling Puts:... |
quant/55545_6c42289e56d260ca_282.txt | ., 2013, ‘Statement on the Tourre Verdict’, US Securities and Exchange Commission Public Statement, 1 August. 18. Loewenstein, G., 1987, ‘Anticipation and the Value of Delayed Consumption’, Economic Journal, 97 (387), September, pp. 666–84. 19. There are many studies of this. See, for example, Malkiel, B. G., 2012, A R... |
quant/1271_53b2d975e58e03f3_13.txt | For Investors in People’s Republic of China (PRC): this document does not constitute a public offer of the product, whether by sale or subscription in the PRC. The product is not being offered or sold directly or indirectly in the PRC to or for the benefit of, legal or natural persons of the PRC. Further, no legal or n... |
quant/33548_f5272ee3d437cccb_1954.txt | Despite significant advancements in video generation and editing using diffusion models, achieving accurate and localized video editing remains a substantial challenge. Additionally, most existing video editing methods primarily focus on altering visual content, with limited research dedicated to motion editing. In thi... |
quant/1271_175b8cb987227fe1_24.txt | **Trade-Weighted Indices:** A simpler cousin of the REER is the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER), often just called a trade-weighted index. Many central banks publish a trade-weighted currency index. For instance, the U.S. Federal Reserve has a trade-weighted dollar index, and the Bank of England has a trade-weig... |
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