id string | subject string | section string | subsection string | concept string | prompt string | choices list | answer int64 | empirical_difficulty string | n_correct_difficulty_models int64 | n_difficulty_models int64 | difficulty_correct_fraction float64 | difficulty_models list | difficulty_model_correctness dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
csbio_101 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | health_and_disease | health_definition | Health is defined as a state of physical and mental well-being, not just the absence of | [
" disease",
" pathogens",
" activity",
" medicine"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_102 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | health_and_disease | communicable_definition | Diseases that can be spread from one organism to another are classified as | [
" hereditary",
" deficiency",
" non-communicable",
" communicable"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_103 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | health_and_disease | non_communicable_definition | Diseases that cannot be transmitted between individuals are classified as | [
" infectious",
" communicable",
" viral",
" non-communicable"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_104 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | health_and_disease | disease_interactions | A defect in the body's immune system can make an individual more susceptible to | [
" physical injuries",
" communicable diseases",
" lifestyle choices",
" inherited disorders"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_105 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | pathogen_types | Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms called | [
" cells",
" pathogens",
" enzymes",
" hormones"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_106 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | hiv_cause | HIV is a communicable disease in humans that is caused by a | [
" virus",
" fungus",
" bacterium",
" protist"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_107 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | hiv_transmission | HIV is primarily spread through sexual contact or by exchange of | [
" saliva",
" body fluids",
" skin cells",
" expired air"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_108 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | aids_development | If left untreated, infection with HIV can eventually lead to | [
" malaria",
" type 2 diabetes",
" AIDS",
" skin cancer"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_109 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | skin_defence | The human body's first line of physical defence against pathogen entry is the | [
" stomach acid",
" skin",
" blood plasma",
" immune system"
] | 1 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_110 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | stomach_acid_defence | A chemical barrier that destroys most pathogens swallowed in food is | [
" mucus",
" saliva",
" stomach acid",
" bile"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_111 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | phagocytosis | White blood cells defend against pathogens by engulfing and digesting them in a process called | [
" phagocytosis",
" active transport",
" cell division",
" differentiation"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_112 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | antibody_production | To target specific pathogens, white blood cells produce proteins called | [
" enzymes",
" antibodies",
" toxins",
" antigens"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_113 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | antitoxin_production | White blood cells can neutralise the harmful chemicals produced by bacteria by releasing | [
" antitoxins",
" antibodies",
" antigens",
" enzymes"
] | 0 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_114 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | vaccine_mechanism | Vaccines prevent disease by introducing inactive or dead forms of a pathogen to stimulate the production of | [
" antibodies",
" antibiotics",
" toxins",
" hormones"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_115 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | antibiotics_target | Antibiotics are medicines used to kill infectious | [
" protists",
" bacteria",
" viruses",
" fungi"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_116 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | antibiotics_viral_limit | Antibiotics cannot be used to destroy | [
" viruses",
" protozoa",
" fungi",
" bacteria"
] | 0 | medium | 1 | 3 | 0.333333 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_117 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | preclinical_testing | Before clinical testing on humans, new drugs are tested in laboratories on cells, tissues, and | [
" bacteria only",
" plants",
" live animals",
" volunteers"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_118 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | clinical_testing_phase_1 | In the first stage of clinical testing, new medicines are given to healthy volunteers to test for | [
" dosage",
" efficacy",
" cost",
" safety"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_119 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | double_blind_trial | To avoid bias in clinical trials, neither the doctor nor the patient knows who received the active drug, which is a | [
" placebo test",
" open trial",
" single trial",
" double-blind trial"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_120 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | placebo_purpose | During clinical trials, some patients are given an inactive substance that looks like the drug, known as a | [
" toxin",
" placebo",
" stimulant",
" vaccine"
] | 1 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_121 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | risk_factor_interaction | Many non-communicable diseases are caused by the interaction of | [
" different antibiotics",
" multiple lifestyle factors",
" single genes",
" viral strains"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_122 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | cardiovascular_risk_smoking | A major lifestyle risk factor for cardiovascular disease is | [
" high fibre diet",
" regular exercise",
" smoking",
" low alcohol intake"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_123 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | obesity_diabetes | Obesity is a major risk factor for developing | [
" lung cancer",
" type 1 diabetes",
" type 2 diabetes",
" HIV/AIDS"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_124 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | alcohol_liver | Long-term excessive consumption of alcohol is a direct cause of damage to the | [
" trachea",
" liver",
" lungs",
" skin"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_125 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | smoking_lung | Smoking tobacco is a key lifestyle factor that can directly cause disease in the | [
" liver",
" lungs",
" pancreas",
" kidneys"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_126 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | cardiovascular_treatments | Cardiovascular disease can be treated surgically by inserting a small metal mesh tube called a | [
" stent",
" pacemaker",
" valve",
" bypass"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_127 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | statins_function | Drugs used to lower blood cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are | [
" insulin",
" statins",
" antibiotics",
" pain relievers"
] | 1 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_128 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | use_of_mathematics | bacterial_culture_area | To calculate the cross-sectional area of a clear zone in a bacterial culture, we use the formula | [
" 4/3πr³",
" length x width",
" 2πr",
" πr²"
] | 3 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_129 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | pathogen_reproduction | Bacteria cause the symptoms of disease by multiplying rapidly and producing harmful | [
" antibodies",
" antigens",
" hormones",
" toxins"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_130 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | virus_reproduction | Viruses cause cell damage by replicating inside of host | [
" cells",
" cytoplasm only",
" cell walls",
" chloroplasts"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_131 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | pathogen_types_fungi | Rose black spot is a plant disease caused by a | [
" virus",
" protist",
" bacterium",
" fungus"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_132 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | pathogen_types_protist | Malaria is a disease caused by a | [
" virus",
" protist",
" fungus",
" bacterium"
] | 1 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_133 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | malaria_spread | The protist that causes malaria is spread from person to person by a vector, which is a | [
" housefly",
" water droplet",
" mosquito",
" virus"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_134 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | sti_prevention | A sexually transmitted infection such as HIV can have its spread reduced by using | [
" barrier contraception",
" vaccines",
" antibiotics",
" pain relievers"
] | 0 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_135 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | respiratory_mucus_defence | The human respiratory system defends against pathogens by trapping them in | [
" mucus",
" tears",
" blood plasma",
" stomach acid"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_136 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | vaccine_immunity | If a pathogen infects a vaccinated individual, their immune system responds by producing antibodies | [
" more rapidly",
" in smaller quantities",
" at a lower rate",
" more slowly"
] | 0 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_137 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | antibiotic_resistance | Overusing antibiotics can lead to the evolution of resistant strains of | [
" viruses",
" bacteria",
" fungi",
" protists"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_138 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | painkillers_limitation | Medicines such as aspirin are used as painkillers to treat symptoms but do not kill | [
" red blood cells",
" pathogens",
" white blood cells",
" body cells"
] | 1 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_139 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | hygiene_prevention | The spread of communicable diseases in both animals and plants can be greatly reduced by practicing good | [
" homeostasis",
" respiration",
" hygiene",
" selective breeding"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_140 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | carcinogen_definition | Chemicals or forms of radiation that can cause changes in cells leading to cancer are called | [
" hormones",
" antibodies",
" pathogens",
" carcinogens"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_141 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | diet_exercise_cardiovascular | A lifestyle with a poor diet and lack of exercise increases the risk of | [
" communicable diseases",
" type 1 diabetes",
" viral infections",
" cardiovascular disease"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_142 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | unborn_baby_smoking | Smoking tobacco during pregnancy increases the risk of health problems in the | [
" unborn baby",
" mother's liver",
" father",
" placenta only"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_143 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | heart_transplant | In cases of severe heart failure, the patient may need a donor heart, which is a treatment involving | [
" stents",
" transplantation",
" statins",
" bypass surgery"
] | 1 | medium | 1 | 3 | 0.333333 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_144 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | use_of_mathematics | correlation_scatter | A scatter diagram can be used to show a relationship between a lifestyle factor and disease, known as a | [
" correlation",
" variation",
" classification",
" causation"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_145 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | use_of_mathematics | sampling_principles | To obtain scientific data that represents a whole population, researchers must use unbiased | [
" placebos",
" estimations",
" sampling",
" calculations"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_146 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | health_and_disease | immune_allergy_interaction | An overreaction of the immune system triggered by an allergen can sometimes lead to | [
" liver cirrhosis",
" lung cancer",
" cardiovascular disease",
" allergies"
] | 3 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_147 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | plant_pathogen_vectors | In plants, pathogens can be spread from leaf to leaf by insect vectors or by the action of | [
" phloem flow",
" wind and water",
" plant roots",
" xylem vessels"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_148 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | non_communicable_diseases_in_humans | obesity_cause | A nutritional factor that leads to obesity is consuming more food energy than is expended in | [
" physical activity",
" respiration",
" metabolism",
" cell division"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_149 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | treating_curing_and_preventing_disease | preclinical_target | In preclinical testing, potential new drugs are checked for toxicity and | [
" patient opinion",
" efficacy",
" cost",
" packaging"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_150 | biology | health_disease_and_the_development_of_medicines | communicable_diseases | tobacco_mosaic_virus | An example of a common plant disease caused by a virus is | [
" crown gall disease",
" tobacco mosaic virus",
" late blight",
" rose black spot"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_151 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | nervous_system_components | The human central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the | [
" motor neurones",
" spinal cord",
" effectors",
" sensory receptors"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_152 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | sensory_receptors | Cells that detect changes in the environment, known as stimuli, are called | [
" sensory receptors",
" effectors",
" synapses",
" motor neurones"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_153 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | sensory_neurones | Electrical impulses travel from sensory receptors to the CNS along | [
" relay neurones",
" effectors",
" motor neurones",
" sensory neurones"
] | 3 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_154 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | motor_neurones | Electrical impulses travel from the CNS to effectors along | [
" sensory receptors",
" sensory neurones",
" motor neurones",
" synapse gaps"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_155 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | effectors | The parts of the body that respond to nervous impulses, such as muscles and glands, are | [
" synapses",
" neurones",
" receptors",
" effectors"
] | 3 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_156 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | reflex_arc_nature | Reflex actions are rapid, automatic, and do not involve the conscious part of the | [
" spinal cord",
" heart",
" brain",
" skin"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_157 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | synapse_definition | The junction where electrical impulses are transmitted across a gap by chemicals is called a | [
" myelin sheath",
" receptor",
" dendrite",
" synapse"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_158 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | endocrine_system | The human endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemical messengers called | [
" antibodies",
" enzymes",
" receptors",
" hormones"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_159 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | hormone_transport | Unlike nervous impulses, hormones are transported to target organs through the | [
" blood",
" nerves",
" cytoplasm",
" lymphatic system"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_160 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | pituitary_gland | The 'master gland' in the endocrine system which secretes hormones to regulate other glands is the | [
" pituitary gland",
" thyroid gland",
" pancreas",
" adrenal gland"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_161 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | thyroxine_source | Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the | [
" pancreas",
" thyroid gland",
" pituitary gland",
" adrenal gland"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_162 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | thyroxine_function | Thyroxine plays a vital role in regulating the body's basal | [
" blood sugar",
" body temperature",
" heart rate",
" metabolic rate"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_163 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | negative_feedback | The level of thyroxine in the blood is controlled by a system of | [
" positive feedback",
" nervous impulses",
" active transport",
" negative feedback"
] | 3 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_164 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | adrenaline_source | Adrenaline is produced in times of fear or stress by the | [
" thyroid gland",
" pituitary gland",
" adrenal glands",
" pancreas"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_165 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | adrenaline_function | Adrenaline prepares the body for a 'fight or flight' response by increasing the | [
" glycogen storage",
" metabolic rate",
" blood glucose",
" heart rate"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_166 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | testosterone | The main reproductive hormone in males, produced by the testes, is | [
" LH",
" oestrogen",
" progesterone",
" testosterone"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_167 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | oestrogen_source | The main reproductive hormone in females, produced by the ovaries, is | [
" testosterone",
" FSH",
" oestrogen",
" LH"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_168 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | menstrual_cycle_length | The average length of the human menstrual cycle is approximately | [
" 14 days",
" 7 days",
" 40 days",
" 28 days"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_169 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | fsh_role | The hormone that causes an egg to mature in an ovary follicle is | [
" oestrogen",
" LH",
" progesterone",
" FSH"
] | 3 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_170 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | lh_role | The hormone that stimulates the release of a mature egg during ovulation is | [
" FSH",
" progesterone",
" LH",
" oestrogen"
] | 2 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_171 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | oestrogen_progesterone_uterus | The hormones responsible for maintaining the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle are oestrogen and | [
" LH",
" testosterone",
" FSH",
" progesterone"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_172 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | fsh_oestrogen_interaction | During the menstrual cycle, FSH stimulates the ovaries to produce | [
" progesterone",
" LH",
" oestrogen",
" thyroxine"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_173 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | oestrogen_lh_interaction | A high level of oestrogen stimulates a surge in the release of | [
" LH",
" insulin",
" adrenaline",
" thyroxine"
] | 0 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_174 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | progesterone_fsh_interaction | Progesterone inhibits the release of both LH and | [
" oestrogen",
" thyroxine",
" FSH",
" adrenaline"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_175 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | oral_contraceptives | Hormonal oral contraceptives contain oestrogen and progesterone to inhibit the release of | [
" LH only",
" FSH",
" thyroxine",
" adrenaline"
] | 1 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_176 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | non_hormonal_contraception | A non-hormonal method of contraception that prevents sperm from reaching an egg is a | [
" contraceptive patch",
" progesterone injection",
" fertility drug",
" condom"
] | 3 | medium | 1 | 3 | 0.333333 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_177 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | fertility_drugs | To treat infertility, a woman may be given fertility drugs containing FSH and | [
" LH",
" adrenaline",
" insulin",
" thyroxine"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_178 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | ivf_steps | During IVF treatment, eggs are collected from the mother and fertilized in a laboratory using | [
" antibiotics",
" the father's sperm",
" hormones",
" stem cells"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_179 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | homeostasis_definition | The regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function is | [
" metabolism",
" photosynthesis",
" homeostasis",
" respiration"
] | 2 | medium | 1 | 3 | 0.333333 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_180 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | insulin_source | Blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by the | [
" pancreas",
" pituitary gland",
" liver",
" thyroid gland"
] | 0 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_181 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | insulin_action | When blood glucose is high, the pancreas produces insulin, causing glucose to move into | [
" liver and muscle cells",
" the kidneys",
" the blood",
" brain tissue"
] | 0 | hard | 0 | 3 | 0 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_182 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | glycogen_storage | In liver and muscle cells, excess glucose is converted and stored as | [
" starch",
" proteins",
" glycogen",
" lipids"
] | 2 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_183 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | glucagon_action | When blood glucose is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, which causes glycogen to convert into | [
" glucose",
" fatty acids",
" proteins",
" starch"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_184 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | type_1_diabetes_cause | Type 1 diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient | [
" glucagon",
" oestrogen",
" thyroxine",
" insulin"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_185 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | type_1_treatment | Type 1 diabetes is commonly managed and treated with daily injections of | [
" insulin",
" thyroxine",
" oestrogen",
" glucagon"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_186 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | type_2_diabetes_cause | In Type 2 diabetes, body cells no longer respond properly to the hormone | [
" glucagon",
" insulin",
" thyroxine",
" adrenaline"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_187 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | type_2_treatment | A common initial treatment for Type 2 diabetes is a carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular | [
" sleep",
" blood transfusions",
" insulin injections",
" exercise"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_188 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | reflex_arc_pathway | In a reflex arc, the sensory neurone synapses with a relay neurone located in the | [
" brain stem",
" receptor cell",
" effector gland",
" spinal cord"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_189 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | pituitary_tsh | The pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine by secreting | [
" LH",
" insulin",
" FSH",
" TSH"
] | 3 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_190 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | adrenaline_fight_or_flight | During fight or flight, adrenaline increases the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the | [
" brain and muscles",
" liver",
" digestive system",
" kidneys"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_191 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | ovulation_day | In a typical 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation usually occurs around | [
" day 14",
" day 1",
" day 5",
" day 28"
] | 0 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_192 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | progesterone_source | Following ovulation, progesterone is released by the empty follicle in the | [
" ovary",
" pituitary",
" uterus",
" fallopian tube"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_193 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | condom_sti | An advantage of using a condom over hormonal contraception is that it protects against | [
" muscle loss",
" STIs",
" multiple births",
" liver disease"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_194 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | ivf_risks | One significant risk of using hormones in IVF treatment is the increased chance of | [
" liver failure",
" single births",
" type 1 diabetes",
" multiple births"
] | 3 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_195 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | homeostasis_importance | Maintaining a constant internal environment is critical to protect the optimal function of | [
" enzymes",
" structural lipids",
" bone tissues",
" cell walls"
] | 0 | medium | 1 | 3 | 0.333333 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_196 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | negative_feedback_blood_glucose | The interaction of insulin and glucagon in controlling blood glucose levels is a classic example of | [
" active transport",
" positive feedback",
" negative feedback",
" cell differentiation"
] | 2 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_197 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | neurotransmitter_release | When an impulse reaches the end of a neurone, it causes the release of chemicals that | [
" freeze the receptor",
" activate active transport",
" block the motor neurone",
" diffuse across the synapse"
] | 3 | medium | 2 | 3 | 0.666667 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_198 | biology | coordination_and_control | nervous_coordination_and_control_in_humans | reflex_arc_speed | The primary survival advantage of a reflex action is its extreme | [
" speed",
" complexity",
" accuracy",
" variability"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_199 | biology | coordination_and_control | homeostasis_in_humans | insulin_effect_on_cells | Insulin lowers blood glucose by increasing the uptake of glucose by body | [
" cell walls",
" cells",
" vacuoles",
" capillaries"
] | 1 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
csbio_200 | biology | coordination_and_control | hormonal_coordination_and_control_in_humans | adrenal_gland_position | The adrenal glands, which produce adrenaline, are located just above the | [
" kidneys",
" lungs",
" liver",
" heart"
] | 0 | easy | 3 | 3 | 1 | [
"jhu-clsp/ettin-decoder-68m",
"HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M",
"allenai/OLMo-1B-0724-hf"
] | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.