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3cd94d985ae5890a9f58ce3704d2a0e1 | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m51239 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | definition | algebraic expression: constants and variables combined using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
associative property of addition: the sum of three numbers may be grouped differently without affecting the result; in symbols, a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c
associative property of multiplication: the product of three nu... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m51239/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
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26e9399b00f77527a5016424cb0dce60 | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m51242 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | The symbol is called a radical, the term under the symbol is called the radicand, and the entire expression is called a radical expression. Principal Square Root
The principal square root of a is the nonnegative number that, when multiplied by itself, equals a. It is written as a radical expression, with a symbol calle... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m51242/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
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1f650dd08beac93f198de474ac10379e | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m51253 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | There is no set order, as the steps used depend on what is given:
- We may add, subtract, multiply, or divide an equation by a number or an expression as long as we do the same thing to both sides of the equal sign. Note that we cannot divide by zero.
- Apply the distributive property as needed: a(b+c)=ab+ac.
- Isolate... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m51253/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
"Equations and Inequalities"
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c77f94282d3de4dd3112fe5af1a37af2 | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m51253 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | This is an important formula, as it will be used in other areas of college algebra and often in calculus to find the equation of a tangent line. We need only one point and the slope of the line to use the formula. After substituting the slope and the coordinates of one point into the formula, we simplify it and write i... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m51253/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
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a9bd850a04f8b097c77bf5f4c2fdaa14 | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m51259 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | For the following exercises, find the equation of the line using the point-slope formula. Models and Applications
For the following exercises, write and solve an equation to answer each question. Complex Numbers
For the following exercises, use the quadratic equation to solve. For the following exercises, name the hori... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m51259/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
"Equations and Inequalities"
] | 245 | f1013b676338e93fd2c5be74dbcae1ea0a13e47d990e7ff3a2e454d124ff737c | 0 | 0 | true |
c03d101eed64915aff98f804cbc91167 | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m49389 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | Given a modified cotangent function of the form f(x)=Acot(Bx−C)+D, graph one period.
- Express the function in the form f(x)=Acot(Bx−C)+D.
- Identify the stretching factor, |A|.
- Identify the period, P=π|B|.
- Identify the phase shift, CB.
- Draw the graph of y=Atan(Bx) shifted to the right by CB and up by D.
- Sketch... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m49389/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
"Periodic Functions"
] | 227 | b3db61a8fcd76b1cb161933a1874b76d800a3e329a69f778cb9834ab3a75f22c | 0 | 0 | true |
f6b1fd27c91dcc1847aa4044663a528b | X:osx:algebra-and-trigonometry-2e:m49418 | openstax-algebra-and-trigonometry-2e | passage | However, the German military eventually increased the complexity of the machines by adding additional rotors, requiring a new method of decryption. The machine attached letters on a keyboard to three, four, or five rotors (depending on the version), each with 26 starting positions that could be set prior to encoding; a... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m49418/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
"Systems of Equations and Inequalities"
] | 249 | 993e61dae8a2ddb4c77e4c00236a6253d1691bbff51f9f6d5b810d825d1075fc | 0 | 0 | true |
b3ea7a505a96846d449679debfa8c071 | X:osx:contemporary-mathematics:m00099 | openstax-contemporary-mathematics | passage | Basically, what you do to one side of the equation, you must do to the other side of the equation to preserve equality. Be careful to multiply and divide every term on each side of the equation. For example, 2+x=x3 is solved by multiplying BOTH sides of the equation by 3 to get 3(2+x)=3(x3) which gives 6+3x=x. Using pa... | fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-contemporary-mathematics/blob/fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321/modules/m00099/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@fa7c1a15 | [
"Algebra"
] | 233 | b03eaabf7c04b0f32ceb882088cadea0e9f152773ac9daff41386db978fbcc24 | 0 | 0 | true |
95d63bd98e069baaaea8cd6ab9a437a0 | X:osx:contemporary-mathematics:m00106 | openstax-contemporary-mathematics | passage | To solve an application, we will first translate the words into a system of linear equations. Then we will decide the most convenient method to use, and then solve the system. Step 1: Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood. Step 2: Identify what we are looking for. Step 3: Name what we are l... | fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-contemporary-mathematics/blob/fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321/modules/m00106/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@fa7c1a15 | [
"Algebra"
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e223d997a6442f389e3b0904622a0387 | X:osx:contemporary-mathematics:m00132 | openstax-contemporary-mathematics | passage | Right Triangle Trigonometry
Learning Objectives
After completing this section, you should be able to:
- Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing sides of a right triangle.
- Apply the 30∘-60∘-90∘ and 45∘-45∘-90∘ right triangle relationships to find the missing sides of a triangle.
- Apply trigonometric ratios ... | fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-contemporary-mathematics/blob/fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321/modules/m00132/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@fa7c1a15 | [
"Geometry"
] | 238 | 505a10c205d615bfec45de29eb4486211811925f28117ecdb60d1413dd1bc7fc | 0 | 0 | true |
27fa13443234f4da2174a7460e0cfe8c | X:osx:contemporary-mathematics:m00132 | openstax-contemporary-mathematics | passage | The distance formula is d=(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2, such that (x2−x1) is a substitute for a in the Pythagorean Theorem and is equal to 3−(−3)=6; and (y2−y1) is a substitute for b in the Pythagorean Theorem and is equal to 2−(−1)=3. When we plug in these numbers to the distance formula, we have
Thus, d=c, the hypotenuse, in th... | fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-contemporary-mathematics/blob/fa7c1a151783958fd2c114da66831e3d57ce2321/modules/m00132/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@fa7c1a15 | [
"Geometry"
] | 249 | ecb2aa26c181ecf4307d918a871f6ee57d02761d8a6318e9ee0a0e111b5eaa04 | 0 | 0 | true |
be41e3fed19bde05461fce76dc85a712 | X:osx:introduction-python-programming:m00008 | openstax-introduction-python-programming | passage | Comments
Learning objectives
By the end of this section you should be able to
- Write concise, meaningful comments that explain intended functionality of the code.
- Write a docstring (more verbose comment) that describes the program functionality. The hash character
Comments are short phrases that explain what the cod... | 2825b114221917bea5ae328a94e484b4da8a93ca | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-introduction-python-programming/blob/2825b114221917bea5ae328a94e484b4da8a93ca/modules/m00008/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2825b114 | [
"Statements"
] | 230 | 3e9b6dbe122744f95c823d8bafd1f51f3e3e118d3f276bb58a0105edbf157a2d | 0 | 0 | true |
0cf2e05c4e525296eb2a908eab82fc50 | X:osx:organizational-behavior:m70672 | openstax-organizational-behavior | passage | Stereotypes are the basis for prejudice and discrimination. In a job-related context, using categorization and stereotyping in employment decision-making is often illegal. Whether illegal or not, this approach is inconsistent with a valuing-diversity approach. Social Identity Theory
Social identity theory is another ex... | a995241fbc161854a1fab15bdd3bec3f98dfd64b | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-of-management-bundle/blob/a995241fbc161854a1fab15bdd3bec3f98dfd64b/modules/m70672/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@a995241f | [
"Diversity in Organizations"
] | 215 | e1f64dda0bfee6c961bd787b279836f23c94a28fbd6be4621f29e4449c47ffb2 | 0 | 0 | true |
862a68c8b4fe7cc8f1ff57c16463c89a | X:osx:organizational-behavior:m70684 | openstax-organizational-behavior | passage | What are they, and how does this leadership model look from the perspective of situation theories of leadership?
- Identify and describe the three situational variables presented in Fiedler’s contingency theory of leadership.
- What are the four leadership behaviors in the path-goal theory of leadership?
- Discuss the ... | a995241fbc161854a1fab15bdd3bec3f98dfd64b | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-of-management-bundle/blob/a995241fbc161854a1fab15bdd3bec3f98dfd64b/modules/m70684/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@a995241f | [
"Leadership"
] | 235 | 7b1a3c0175dfced8f7db772fef8b25f18f78db67b9d786b5320be921c60ff6c9 | 0 | 0 | true |
2efce68f2ee730605c24d4bf374ea9ee | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63925 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | Self-Check Questions
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problems | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63925/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Elasticity"
] | 11 | c63ec33cdcafb096714deacda749c52bed10831eadf3a0cdadd31fed569a3bc1 | 0 | 0 | true |
14eb615f79da3db44de83e410737aebe | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63887 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | The left-hand panel of (a) shows the number of mergers submitted for review to the FTC each year from 1999 to 2012. Mergers follow the business cycle, falling after the 2001 recession, peaking in 2007 as the Great Recession struck, and then rising since 2009. The right-hand panel of (b) shows the distribution of those ... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63887/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Monopoly and Antitrust Policy"
] | 242 | e254f711d706425665110efcc5c97206990331d6175eaf00272e71c40a0c956d | 0 | 0 | true |
08ead694faa57febc6592a37cf5ee58e | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63887 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
A four-firm concentration ratio is a simple tool, which may reveal only part of the story. For example, consider two industries that both have a four-firm concentration ratio of 80. However, in one industry five firms each control 20% of the market, while in the other industry, the top fi... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63887/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Monopoly and Antitrust Policy"
] | 239 | 4a734fed00ea54dd7f1bbb77f87411d5f35945da4a995a3a63d1b9050f24b0ae | 0 | 0 | true |
f6fbc3c9d71b2cd8fa8221e6c1a7e574 | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63887 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | Rather than relying on a market definition, the government antitrust regulators looked at detailed evidence on profits and prices for specific stores in different cities, both before and after other competitive stores entered or exited. Based on that evidence, the Federal Trade Commission decided to block the merger. A... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63887/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Monopoly and Antitrust Policy"
] | 223 | f28f5d6c7448313f2e0102c27e9f95a21bf02d371a51e1fdbeefe701c4ac9dcb | 0 | 0 | true |
1221e4a69c7ddb00a91bb21d83faa8f6 | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63697 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | Introduction to Positive Externalities and Public Goods
The Benefits of Voyager I Endure
The rapid growth of technology has increased our ability to access and process data, to navigate through a busy city, and to communicate with friends on the other side of the globe. The research and development efforts of citizens,... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63697/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Positive Externalities and Public Goods"
] | 252 | 4b2cbf2a0e09f1ab10fe09ea41a0754fc0113857157776c788250d6a0d81a0b9 | 0 | 0 | true |
e9455da2d0a6580cdb808c5d545dbe85 | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63862 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | The lines between checking and savings accounts have blurred in the last couple of decades, as many banks offer checking accounts that will pay an interest rate similar to a savings account if you keep a certain minimum amount in the account, or conversely, offer savings accounts that allow you to write at least a few ... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63862/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Financial Markets"
] | 234 | eec08579f82a4a5c216ff5518ecd36de66f71fcc7da1bb9b58f2621f98e1374a | 0 | 0 | true |
46286bd6d32fd7101a2ba38d76580419 | X:osx:principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e:m63862 | openstax-principles-microeconomics-ap-courses-2e | passage | In the 2010s, dividends remained low and stock prices increased, and this continued at the beginning of the 2020s. The overall pattern is that stocks as a group have provided a high rate of return over extended periods of time, but this return comes with risks. The market value of individual companies can rise and fall... | 020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-economics-bundle/blob/020e54dbecb376f27b37c3498f9347a45961c11a/modules/m63862/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@020e54db | [
"Financial Markets"
] | 250 | aaf37fea6b58295f842892ab782387ebf2434f4cd24580cdfd3c0ad9b0328f76 | 0 | 0 | true |
10ac6200b762d92d267c839c0e24ef12 | X:osx:college-algebra-2e:m49363 | openstax-college-algebra-2e | passage | Given a common logarithm of the form y=log(x), evaluate it mentally.
- Rewrite the argument x as a power of 10: 10y=x.
- Use previous knowledge of powers of 10 to identify y by asking, “To what exponent must 10 be raised in order to get x? ”
Given a common logarithm with the form y=log(x), evaluate it using a calculato... | 4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-college-algebra-bundle/blob/4922e46ebc04326979e19392ccc2384cb8b9076c/modules/m49363/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4922e46e | [
"Exponential and Logarithmic Functions"
] | 230 | cca097d95d49a5d1fdda8d67a71121e6cda53234cba723ce51d8cadda876fb1d | 0 | 0 | true |
c296c87c09b3d0f2e7e01c7dafba4cff | X:osx:concepts-biology:m45485 | openstax-concepts-biology | passage | The first human genome sequence was published in 2003. The number of whole genomes that have been sequenced steadily increases and now includes hundreds of species and thousands of individual human genomes. Applying Genomics
The introduction of DNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing projects, particularly the Human... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m45485/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Biotechnology"
] | 212 | ed88a5320751e8b4dbf3d50b287cb0dddafa74f5c1c24452a405c256d1ae4759 | 0 | 0 | true |
3d9c2209d89bc885a3831c5b8e8f78b2 | X:osx:concepts-biology:m45553 | openstax-concepts-biology | passage | If the major food source of seals declines due to pollution or overfishing, which of the following would likely occur?
- The carrying capacity of seals would decrease, as would the seal population.
- The carrying capacity of seals would decrease, but the seal population would remain the same.
- The number of seal death... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m45553/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Population and Community Ecology"
] | 235 | d6cfdf23f92b5f8754d65af358391178323cb85fd3228a96cbeb7dd181d691bf | 0 | 0 | true |
8e71463e3d6d5d82f764e7cba380c942 | X:osx:introductory-statistics-2e:m46947 | openstax-introductory-statistics-2e | passage | Two Basic Rules of Probability
When calculating probability, there are two rules to consider when determining if two events are independent or dependent and if they are mutually exclusive or not. The Multiplication Rule
If A and B are two events defined on a sample space, then: P(A AND B) = P(B)P(A|B). This rule may al... | 50ec91749080bb040b57bb40c34337cacc994cba | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-introductory-statistics-bundle/blob/50ec91749080bb040b57bb40c34337cacc994cba/modules/m46947/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@50ec9174 | [
"Probability Topics"
] | 231 | 6884b48934b26eb288e7e716a8517c1207a1f7e1af154fc017121deb177e4cb2 | 0 | 0 | true |
604246cb34d7dde242f1efc9cfbcac2f | X:osx:principles-data-science:m00012 | openstax-principles-data-science | definition | Excel: a spreadsheet program with a graphical user interface developed by Microsoft to help with the manipulation and analysis of data
Google Sheets: a spreadsheet program with a graphical user interface developed by Google to help with the manipulation and analysis of data
programming language: a formal language that ... | e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-data-science/blob/e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805/modules/m00012/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@e9fbc64c | [
"What Are Data and Data Science?",
"Excel",
"Google Sheets",
"programming language",
"Python",
"R",
"spreadsheet program"
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4f14a1ebde07b83c1dc8b0f7f4163e42 | X:osx:principles-data-science:m00017 | openstax-principles-data-science | passage | Survey Design and Implementation
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
- Describe the elements of survey design and identify the steps data scientists take to ensure the reliability of survey results.
- Describe methods for avoiding bias in survey questions.
- Describe various sampling te... | e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-data-science/blob/e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805/modules/m00017/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@e9fbc64c | [
"Collecting and Preparing Data"
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014eebebdcc3c8ecdbe68196df3e7f91 | X:osx:principles-data-science:m00017 | openstax-principles-data-science | passage | A more unbiased and accurate question would be "What factors do you consider when choosing a shampoo brand? This allows for a more detailed and accurate response. The biased question could have led to inflated results in favor of the company's brand. Sampling
The next step in the data collection process is to choose a ... | e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-data-science/blob/e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805/modules/m00017/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@e9fbc64c | [
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faa5f533b247392fe08dbfbcea50f343 | X:osx:principles-data-science:m00017 | openstax-principles-data-science | passage | Then, the researcher randomly selects a number from 1 to 10—let's say they select 4. This number will be the starting point for selecting the sample of students. The researcher will then select every 10th student from the list, which means every student with a number ending in 4 (14, 24, 34, etc.) will be included in t... | e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-data-science/blob/e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805/modules/m00017/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@e9fbc64c | [
"Collecting and Preparing Data"
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3666c2dd5d7fcf9b4c68b4c0fca2b607 | X:osx:principles-data-science:m00041 | openstax-principles-data-science | passage | Business articles might use words such as “outlook” and “downturn” much more often than entertainment or technology articles would. Multinomial naïve Bayes can be applied to classify these articles based on the frequency and distribution of words typically found in each kind of article. The multinomial naïve Bayes clas... | e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-data-science/blob/e9fbc64ccb92f58f1cefe526e49a69854a681805/modules/m00041/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@e9fbc64c | [
"Decision-Making Using Machine Learning Basics"
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dba4ae2723a1bd0d634333b5a6e10460 | X:osx:principles-marketing:m00119 | openstax-principles-marketing | passage | Markdowns lower the maintained markup and the retailer’s gross profit. Gross Margin
Gross margin refers to the actual sales dollars received (net sales) minus the cost of goods sold. It is the amount of profit made before deducting selling, general, and administrative cost and is calculated as a percentage. Let’s say t... | 40369d8ce3adb160cf8d2cc6528cd00be6a472eb | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-marketing/blob/40369d8ce3adb160cf8d2cc6528cd00be6a472eb/modules/m00119/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@40369d8c | [
"Retailing and Wholesaling"
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e43eb3877d2e848b81204f41702a7aad | X:osx:principles-marketing:m00119 | openstax-principles-marketing | passage | Rather than having a buyer from each location analyze prices and find the best supplier for their location, a centralized group of people negotiates prices and contracts for all retail locations. The time and money that the retailer saves add up when done for all or most products carried. Knowledge Check
It’s time to c... | 40369d8ce3adb160cf8d2cc6528cd00be6a472eb | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-marketing/blob/40369d8ce3adb160cf8d2cc6528cd00be6a472eb/modules/m00119/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@40369d8c | [
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6cceba8f22bc6ce5b3895fb890b27995 | X:osx:chemistry-2e:m68695 | openstax-chemistry-2e | definition | actinide: inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
alkali metal: element in group 1
alkaline earth metal: element in group 2
chalcogen: element in group 16
group: vertical column of the periodic table
halogen: element in group 17
hydrate: compound containing one or more water mo... | 32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-chemistry-bundle/blob/32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a/modules/m68695/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@32c71962 | [
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f2bacce66f2b372b30253ef27cf68475 | X:osx:chemistry-2e:m68700 | openstax-chemistry-2e | passage | The molar amount in question is approximately one-one thousandth (~10−3) of a mole, and so the corresponding mass should be roughly one-one thousandth of the molar mass (~0.04 g):
In this case, logic dictates (and the factor-label method supports) multiplying the provided amount (mol) by the molar mass (g/mol):
The res... | 32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-chemistry-bundle/blob/32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a/modules/m68700/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@32c71962 | [
"Composition of Substances and Solutions"
] | 142 | c77cdadf80590d6fbc1c08a7ca819d5d711923f073c3650a4e77033ab05910fb | 0 | 0 | true |
da163779111209616844c4fc346dfa25 | X:osx:chemistry-2e:m68700 | openstax-chemistry-2e | passage | Solution The number of Cu atoms in the wire may be conveniently derived from its mass by a two-step computation: first calculating the molar amount of Cu, and then using Avogadro’s number (NA) to convert this molar amount to number of Cu atoms:
Considering that the provided sample mass (5.00 g) is a little less than on... | 32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-chemistry-bundle/blob/32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a/modules/m68700/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@32c71962 | [
"Composition of Substances and Solutions"
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0bf6a89750e726690a76eed4079775f6 | X:osx:chemistry-2e:m68787 | openstax-chemistry-2e | passage | Similarly, phosphorus burns much more rapidly in an atmosphere of pure oxygen than in air, which is only about 20% oxygen. Phosphorus burns rapidly in air, but it will burn even more rapidly if the concentration of oxygen is higher. Watch this video to see an example. The Presence of a Catalyst
Relatively dilute aqueou... | 32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-chemistry-bundle/blob/32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a/modules/m68787/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@32c71962 | [
"Kinetics"
] | 230 | ea946f2f78b690f9ced360b6bc400b0e96ffdd80fb11afdd3f6ed8a82d30e46e | 0 | 0 | true |
e03058fcf49c95c9f61c08c28ecf8aea | X:osx:chemistry-2e:m68787 | openstax-chemistry-2e | definition | catalyst: substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction | 32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-chemistry-bundle/blob/32c719622fbb7a0ca729cd645c1df4cf4e7d5b3a/modules/m68787/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@32c71962 | [
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eb53045f60d58c24246a706f9084a4e1 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00237 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | It is the primary determinant of the osmolality and volume of extracellular fluids. It is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the body, including the brain and nervous system. Sodium is important for proper muscle contraction and relaxation. Potassium and sodium work together to regulate blood pre... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00237/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies"
] | 246 | 01b94a1c4c0d54b4f689501d2567d3abb620c12f9c4dd870c5e13338642a9f60 | 0 | 0 | true |
c1c83b8473aed27a85349c554bf8574f | X:osx:pharmacology:m00237 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | The client with hyperphosphatemia should:
- Report symptoms such as abdominal pain and tetany to the health care provider.
- Avoid foods high in phosphorus, such as whole grains and nuts. Hypophosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia is a condition where the body’s phosphorus level is lower than the therapeutic range (below 2.5 mE... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00237/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies"
] | 226 | 405825ee79c9205138b697ca21ed1c3ab9f531c5868f2a9529607bbeb9b6ba8e | 0 | 0 | true |
9152aaabc0e8ae479a5c79737284a87c | X:osx:pharmacology:m00237 | openstax-pharmacology | definition | electrolytes: essential minerals that carry an electric charge and are crucial for functions like nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and fluid balance in the body
glycolysis: the process of converting glucose into pyruvate, an important metabolic product for energy
sodium-potassium-ATPase pump (Na+K+ATPase pump): res... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00237/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
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"electrolytes",
"glycolysis",
"sodium-potassium-ATPase pump (Na+K+ATPase pump)"
] | 83 | 96b0fd1be7d1adae95955e20ae46d6a8a25af7559d02741adadb3c8d0629ef4c | 0 | 0 | true |
0dbe2d1b2a8f87a71e9bf51ceea7fd71 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00245 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | Vancomycin: A formulation of this injection contains the excipients polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and N-acetyl D-alanine (NADA), which resulted in fetal malformations in animal reproduction studies at dose exposures approximately 8 and 32 times, respectively, higher than the exposures at the human equivalent dose. If u... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00245/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Anti-infective Drugs"
] | 225 | c2f6b3953211c97f79d647c1040516c660131d30b94ef587e39e29b977d0ef99 | 0 | 0 | true |
11226c180ea9b4ce617b9eb53c4da6cc | X:osx:pharmacology:m00245 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | Annual vaccination will not prevent all infections but may help reduce the symptoms that individuals experience, and it is critical for protecting people most at risk for complications, such as older adults and immunocompromised individuals. However, vaccines are able to protect against only four strains each year with... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00245/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Anti-infective Drugs"
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ea6a16a7a07841188faa84a369309d85 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00247 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | Due to the societal stigma around STIs, many people may be hesitant to seek out care for STIs because of perceived judgement from friends, family, and health care professionals. Nurses should always adopt a curious, nonjudgmental approach with clients to encourage open and honest communication so that clients get the c... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00247/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Anti-infective Drugs"
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90bb1ff1a1f30e9d02a4ed3b6bd7d31a | X:osx:pharmacology:m00247 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | Vaccines should be given before the onset of sexual activity because they will have little efficacy if the client has already been infected. When diagnosed with an STI, the client should be encouraged to have their sexual partners tested as well because many infections may be asymptomatic. In addition, an asymptomatic ... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00247/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Anti-infective Drugs"
] | 249 | 2eeb5b08ac7b42e17d00c00ae563da974d8f01479be87b4090b055695c7bd294 | 0 | 0 | true |
ff92ea8f0540e2bc9516e2ab4ecc1d3f | X:osx:pharmacology:m00396 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | A commonly used first-generation antihistamine is diphenhydramine (Sicari & Zabbo, 2023). lists common first-generation antihistamines and typical routes and dosing for adult clients. Adverse Effects and Contraindications
First-generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and urinary retention.... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00396/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs"
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55866c698a8c573ada2ecc15c1072369 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00413 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | This website gives an overview of the National Diabetes Prevention Program and provides valuable information for those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Part A
Read the following clinical scenario to answer the questions that follow. This case will evolve throughout the chapter. Alaina Sanders is a 65-year-old clie... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00413/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Diabetic Drugs"
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c8a07f9df5b72c9e7dad3ccf9064f673 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00429 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | It is essential for humans to ingest cholesterol, triglycerides, and essential fatty acids (EFAs) for basic metabolic and immune functions and to supply the body with the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K (MedlinePlus, 2023). Despite the importance of fats in the human body, regulation is key to avoiding developing o... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00429/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Weight Management Drugs"
] | 204 | ba9ed0c16d134289fa113c38b015a888364646d655dcb00b25cb153480d2e926 | 0 | 0 | true |
1266b11a112397722aacda791f3237e5 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00429 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | When obesity is determined to be detrimental to health, it is further classified as:
- Class I obesity: 30–34 kg/m2
- Class II obesity: 35–39 kg/m2
- Class III obesity: 40+ kg/m2
Treatment for obesity is often determined by the class of obesity the client fits into, as determined by a health care professional. Class II... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00429/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Weight Management Drugs"
] | 250 | e816322f0ef2b786453bf454fa527f1bff00ee5a263bd2d1a283490dc25d6744 | 0 | 0 | true |
87ba94b2d21bb4cb7784637c3edbd4f1 | X:osx:pharmacology:m00462 | openstax-pharmacology | passage | They serve as a protector from further eye irritation. These products come in various forms: gel, ointment, emulsion, and solution. Most of these can be found over-the-counter (OTC); therefore, it is important clients follow the printed instructions. Some ophthalmic lubricants are antimicrobial and reduce the risk of i... | f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-nursing-external-bundle/blob/f0124920c65609137effe2333dea327d1c77accc/modules/m00462/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@f0124920 | [
"Ophthalmic Drugs"
] | 249 | 2703bb43d155c514d5e7077c54343b0b2651056f74ead3a817ae17c8a9166b3c | 0 | 0 | true |
3e0d4f56efc4ecb9385ff5650c64a4c3 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-3:m58602 | openstax-university-physics-volume-3 | definition | BCS theory: theory of superconductivity based on electron-lattice-electron interactions
Cooper pair: coupled electron pair in a superconductor
critical magnetic field: maximum field required to produce superconductivity
critical temperature: maximum temperature to produce superconductivity
type I superconductor: superc... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58602/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
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"Cooper pair",
"critical magnetic field",
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"type I superconductor",
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4c9a10cc94283c006a7aa49d020d870e | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62730 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals (). For example, their water-repellent hydrophobic nature can help keep aquatic birds and mammals dry by forming a protective layer over fur or feathers. Lipids are also the building bloc... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62730/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Biological Macromolecules"
] | 244 | 4c4be961d6bb01d18ec939695eb2df767b659cfafa6c0facd6d55fa764ea93d4 | 0 | 0 | true |
7f8db18e429604dee5c4f8283cc69828 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62730 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Because of the hydrophobic nature of waxes, they prevent water from sticking on the surface (). Waxes are made up of long fatty acid chains esterified to long-chain alcohols. Phospholipids
Phospholipids are major constituents of the plasma membrane, the outermost layer of all living cells. Like fats, they are composed ... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62730/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
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f5d02699ee1271505ebffb27da7cd55e | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62812 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | The widow’s peak is considered dominant and, for simplification purposes, a monogenic trait. | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62812/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Mendel's Experiments and Heredity"
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f75a0a1a9341d764d7a66ec3e9b4c76a | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62863 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | The chapter talks about embryology, so it might be important to mention Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) and his famous principle "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. Please see this PBS website for more information. The Science Practice Challenge Questions contain additional test questions for this section that will help you p... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62863/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Evolution and Origin of Species"
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cb55e5832e8b457f8ca6a04624619c79 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62863 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Examples of vestigial structures include wings on flightless birds, leaves on some cacti, and hind leg bones in whales. Visit this interactive site to guess which bones structures are homologous and which are analogous, and see examples of evolutionary adaptations to illustrate these concepts. Another piece of evidence... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62863/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Evolution and Origin of Species"
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71b11ea7a2019d3c5d1d200afca752c5 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62957 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | The behavior of light can be discussed in terms of the behavior of waves and also in terms of the behavior of the fundamental unit of light—a packet of electromagnetic radiation called a photon. A glance at the electromagnetic spectrum shows that visible light for humans is just a small slice of the entire spectrum, wh... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62957/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Sensory Systems"
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c830bbfd71f47fc0a619efa8cbb38d60 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62957 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Anatomy of the Eye
The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in the retina (shown in ) on the inner surface of the back of the eye. But light does not impinge on the retina unaltered. It passes through other layers that process it so that it can be interpre... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62957/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Sensory Systems"
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c724ea65977fc538288c1bf6364cc8f4 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62957 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Both rods and cones contain photopigments. In vertebrates, the main photopigment, rhodopsin, has two main parts ): an opsin, which is a membrane protein (in the form of a cluster of α-helices that span the membrane), and retinal—a molecule that absorbs light. When light hits a photoreceptor, it causes a shape change in... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62957/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Sensory Systems"
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a45f091c06f96ec34c3cddd4b4031b16 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62957 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | Sometimes horizontal cells carry signals from one rod or cone to other photoreceptors and to several bipolar cells. When a rod or cone stimulates a horizontal cell, the horizontal cell inhibits more distant photoreceptors and bipolar cells, creating lateral inhibition. This inhibition sharpens edges and enhances contra... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62957/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Sensory Systems"
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4238fa4af0950a57b61201dab4df9193 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62957 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | According to an explanation called opponent process theory, as you gazed fixedly at the green, black, and yellow flag, your retinal ganglion cells that respond positively to green, black, and yellow increased their firing dramatically. When you shifted your gaze to the neutral white ground, these ganglion cells abruptl... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62957/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"Sensory Systems"
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df76dffbf95352efe954591483f43933 | X:osx:biology-ap-courses:m62963 | openstax-biology-ap-courses | passage | The specific response of a cell to a lipid insoluble hormone depends on the type of receptors that are present on the cell membrane and the substrate molecules present in the cell cytoplasm. Cellular responses to hormone binding of a receptor include altering membrane permeability and metabolic pathways, stimulating sy... | d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-biology-bundle/blob/d2779c2edfb435e75047325434fe2fe93d5aa120/modules/m62963/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d2779c2e | [
"The Endocrine System"
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2db6627b6ce00aeae500ca042043b6a9 | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00024 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | Endometriosis is a painful condition in which the uterine lining, the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. In PCOS, a hormone imbalance, results in higher levels of androgens (sex hormones) that can also cause small cysts on the ovaries and irregular menstruation (Rocha et al., 2019). Many of these fertility problems... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00024/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Genetic, Prenatal, and Perinatal Health"
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ed840c138e8fd872c5ef77271e204234 | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00026 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | Though the exact mechanisms underlying the timing of birth are still not completely understood, the process includes hormone-mediated physiological changes that ready both the pregnant person and the fetus for the event (Hutchinson et al., 2023). One such hormone is oxytocin (Walter et al., 2021), which plays a role in... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00026/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Genetic, Prenatal, and Perinatal Health"
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3c615983d6cef7422b1671d5490f6ac8 | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00026 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | Other credentialed individuals who may assist a pregnancy are known as doulas. In the United States, doulas may take certification courses to become licensed, but they do not receive the same type of training as a midwife (Backes & Scrimshaw, 2020). Most of their training focuses on ways to support and assist birth mot... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00026/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Genetic, Prenatal, and Perinatal Health"
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ff81220f6b880d95ab0165de6757e3ab | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00073 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | More young U.S. adults today are cohabiting with a romantic partner than with a spouse () (Gurrentz, 2018). Two reasons for this difference are that young adults are entering their first marriage at a later age (twenty-eight years for women and thirty years for men), and that the overall marriage rate is decreasing (Br... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00073/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Social and Emotional Development in Early Adulthood (Ages 18 to 29)"
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623185edb4e2261e0e7282391b6d30c9 | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00073 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | It can reduce relationship satisfaction as well as young adults’ self-control and emotional regulation, which is associated with an increase in instances of hostility and disagreement between new parents (Bogdan et al., 2022; Grolleman et al., 2022; van Scheppingen et al., 2018). About half of young adult parents exper... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00073/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Social and Emotional Development in Early Adulthood (Ages 18 to 29)"
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a957aa5119742bdc12de6cac8b1b3398 | X:osx:lifespan-development:m00073 | openstax-lifespan-development | passage | Assessment: Review Questions
Assessment: Check Your Understanding Questions
Assessment: Personal Application Questions
Assessment: Essay Questions
References
Allen, A. L., Manning, W. D., Longmore, M. A., & Giordano, P. C. (2020). Young adult parents’ work–family conflict: The roles of parenting stress and parenting co... | 2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-lifespan-development/blob/2a3fbff4504dd90fa2728ff06a27c23a36e6b88d/modules/m00073/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@2a3fbff4 | [
"Social and Emotional Development in Early Adulthood (Ages 18 to 29)"
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8ff621895bc52ff3b3389d26ef4b4551 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-2:m58450 | openstax-university-physics-volume-2 | passage | A heart attack can arise from the onset of fast, irregular beating of the heart—called cardiac or ventricular fibrillation. Applying a large shock of electrical energy can terminate the arrhythmia and allow the body’s natural pacemaker to resume its normal rhythm. Today, it is common for ambulances to carry AEDs. AEDs ... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58450/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Capacitance"
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9d5a8c07cd452cdf92f959ff0e1b3526 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-2:m58450 | openstax-university-physics-volume-2 | passage | Summary
- Capacitors are used to supply energy to a variety of devices, including defibrillators, microelectronics such as calculators, and flash lamps.
- The energy stored in a capacitor is the work required to charge the capacitor, beginning with no charge on its plates. The energy is stored in the electrical field i... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58450/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Capacitance"
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40e58e98eee0c4002740a075ea2e6ba7 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-2:m58729 | openstax-university-physics-volume-2 | passage | Calculating the Average Current The main purpose of a battery in a car or truck is to run the electric starter motor, which starts the engine. The operation of starting the vehicle requires a large current to be supplied by the battery. Once the engine starts, a device called an alternator takes over supplying the elec... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58729/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Current and Resistance"
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d9af6b5677edad28661e324c53895244 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-2:m58492 | openstax-university-physics-volume-2 | passage | Resonance in an AC Circuit
In the RLC series circuit of , the current amplitude is, from ,
If we can vary the frequency of the ac generator while keeping the amplitude of its output voltage constant, then the current changes accordingly. A plot of I0 versus ω is shown in . In Oscillations, we encountered a similar grap... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58492/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Alternating-Current Circuits"
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2089a01354a4e4b8af447ed3e5b378e7 | X:osx:business-ethics:m66971 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | Diversity and Inclusion in the Workforce
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Explain the benefits of employee diversity in the workplace
- Discuss the challenges presented by workplace diversity
Diversity is not simply a box to be checked; rather, it is an approach to business that un... | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m66971/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [
"Recognizing and Respecting the Rights of All"
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33fc1c3562ce28ef5a10a9786f5ff3f3 | X:osx:business-ethics:m66971 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | About 35 percent are Asian, 3.5 percent are Latino, and 2.4 percent are Black, and of the company’s management and leadership roles, 68 percent are held by White people. Google is not alone in coming up short on diversity. Recruiting and hiring a diverse workforce has been a challenge for most major technology companie... | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m66971/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [
"Recognizing and Respecting the Rights of All"
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08f43cbc06305b01ecaabeb5833b8930 | X:osx:business-ethics:m68362 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | Introduction
As consumers, employees, and community members, we see everywhere the extent to which business can contribute to either social well-being or harm. Some career paths invite special scrutiny because of their influential role in society and the extent to which they serve as magnets for business students. Frie... | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m68362/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [
"Professions under the Microscope"
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8bd979386f24bdf7e1833acea90e89e9 | X:osx:business-ethics:m66979 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | As long as marketers refrain from breaking the law or engaging in outright lies, are they still acting ethically in undertaking influential advertising campaigns that may drive gullible consumers to purchase products with minimal usefulness? Is this simply the free market in operation? In other words, are manufacturers... | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m66979/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [
"Professions under the Microscope"
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c5ebe3a3f8c4acb6a4198d2cd1dfc9d0 | X:osx:business-ethics:m66979 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | We could argue that they should take special care that ads targeting children make absolutely no exaggerated claims, because children are less capable of seeing through the usual puffery that most of us ignore. Children are more literal, and once they gain the ability to understand messages directed toward them, especi... | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m66979/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [
"Professions under the Microscope"
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e930a3aeee759efba33754f0d17e2d11 | X:osx:business-ethics:m66992 | openstax-business-ethics | passage | Therein Plato took all of the beauty and wisdom of the Athens of his day and imagined it without any of its limitations. Plato knew that this was an ideal, but he also realized that even an attempt to build such a city-state would produce what he regarded as much incalculable good. | d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-business-ethics/blob/d64573e2807a1e7ba5d7dec8c36cd815a942b5c7/modules/m66992/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@d64573e2 | [] | 71 | 08b1ea6ab630c399bfd15f25ad599b3942ca1e6b6b62447c5155e310eddf06ff | 0 | 0 | true |
0096fb5f5fb4aaa677f5ad82dc6c9c5c | X:osx:elementary-algebra-2e:m82458 | openstax-elementary-algebra-2e | passage | Write the number in the spaces—putting the final digit in the last place.
- Fill in zeros for place holders as needed. Round Decimals
Rounding decimals is very much like rounding whole numbers. We will round decimals with a method based on the one we used to round whole numbers. How to Round Decimals
We summarize the s... | 77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-prealgebra-bundle/blob/77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d/modules/m82458/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@77a933c6 | [
"Foundations"
] | 252 | 0fa264bf55f5505779aed0160319141661e6d870c5e3513e7ffc33b93978b4ca | 0 | 0 | true |
59bf02a6f69f78af34d5429c55eb4ef4 | X:osx:elementary-algebra-2e:m82473 | openstax-elementary-algebra-2e | passage | We summarize the mark-up model in the box below. Mark-Up
Keep in mind that the list price should always be more than the original cost. Key Concepts
- Percent Increase To find the percent increase: Find the amount of increase. increase=newamount−originalamount Find the percent increase. Increase is what percent of the ... | 77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-prealgebra-bundle/blob/77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d/modules/m82473/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@77a933c6 | [
"Math Models"
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24bbd13d375cf60e04d589930079c3ce | X:osx:elementary-algebra-2e:m82482 | openstax-elementary-algebra-2e | passage | Graph with Intercepts
Before you get started, take this readiness quiz. Identify the x- and y- Intercepts on a Graph
Every linear equation can be represented by a unique line that shows all the solutions of the equation. We have seen that when graphing a line by plotting points, you can use any three solutions to graph... | 77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-prealgebra-bundle/blob/77a933c672e9c48c746eb802d588a9a7ddfd6e0d/modules/m82482/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@77a933c6 | [
"Graphs"
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8f2ed7eecb23cc83c4c6a9a150a9eb4d | X:osx:introduction-political-science:m00031 | openstax-introduction-political-science | passage | State-sanctioned violence against gays and, later, the AIDS epidemic, politicized the gay community and mobilized members of the community to organize interest groups and participate in a broader social movement. What You Need to Know about the Gay Rights Movement
After the US Supreme Court ruling that affirmed the rig... | 4391e659b98eec43b71e8b3f08241215fb4dd4c4 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-introduction-political-science/blob/4391e659b98eec43b71e8b3f08241215fb4dd4c4/modules/m00031/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@4391e659 | [
"The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity"
] | 245 | 65ef1fbddc2e0e89f323b2359f4512f03e5210eaa893d7946315f06cb71742e8 | 0 | 0 | true |
cfdfa846ed4db41c7004d96ab45fb9f7 | X:osx:principles-finance:m00011 | openstax-principles-finance | passage | It is often the case that businesses that were originally formed as proprietorships are later converted into corporations when growth of the business causes the disadvantages of the sole proprietorship structure to outweigh the advantages. Partnerships
A partnership is a business structure that involves a legal arrange... | 3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-finance/blob/3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2/modules/m00011/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@3b7fc65c | [
"Corporate Structure and Governance"
] | 252 | a068ad66e25d3a84945e1439ec79e13e463643fd59137669747805c19a7c2188 | 0 | 0 | true |
5f5e80337bf9f6526797c0026ecc2625 | X:osx:principles-finance:m00011 | openstax-principles-finance | passage | However, similar to the sole proprietorship, all of the partners are subject to unlimited personal liability, which means that if a partnership becomes bankrupt and any partner is unable to meet their pro rata share of the firm’s liabilities, the remaining partners will be responsible for paying the unsatisfied claims.... | 3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-finance/blob/3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2/modules/m00011/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@3b7fc65c | [
"Corporate Structure and Governance"
] | 244 | a70256da163f2e82e9c614a2ba7ecc1a079af9321555f882c82b06738be7bd6d | 0 | 0 | true |
3e808280763f31060698422c359aec75 | X:osx:principles-finance:m00129 | openstax-principles-finance | passage | In fact, if the spot rate is anything below KWN1,200=USD1, the company will not choose to exercise the option. If, however, the spot exchange rate in six months is KWN1,300=USD1, the company will exercise the option and purchase each US dollar for only KWN 1,200. The profitability, or the payoff, to the owner of a call... | 3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-finance/blob/3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2/modules/m00129/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@3b7fc65c | [
"Risk Management and the Financial Manager"
] | 237 | 769cda070f0ff18c006eff5b8f162a52f945554e7264e3ed3b499ea0a85f71a2 | 0 | 0 | true |
160fb51d2f7a20fa83432fbc868e6115 | X:osx:principles-finance:m00129 | openstax-principles-finance | passage | The writer of the option does not have a choice regarding whether the option will be exercised. The purchaser of the option has the right to make the choice; in essence, the writer of the option sold the right to make that decision to the purchasers of the call option.
shows the payoff to the writer of the call option.... | 3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-principles-finance/blob/3b7fc65c527ef51dbee24689691f19947fb72fb2/modules/m00129/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@3b7fc65c | [
"Risk Management and the Financial Manager"
] | 229 | 9380e28eff5d8a8294b8c3dd5dc5fbff78f9dc3772c25c5f512cab436a9d91c5 | 0 | 0 | true |
eb293c65f9ef83928caa9ac252d9d61a | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58269 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Physics aims to understand the world around us at the most basic level. It emphasizes the use of a small number of quantitative laws to do this, which can be useful to other fields pushing the performance boundaries of existing technologies. Consider a smartphone (). Physics describes how electricity interacts with the... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58269/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Units and Measurement"
] | 244 | 9a587354a1ae45551c18000cd045262675b18811ad3725ca9bbc4ce7f52f3acf | 0 | 0 | true |
9f42b5346eafc7555d8523e5929228a4 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58269 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Some theories include models to help visualize phenomena whereas others do not. Newton’s theory of gravity, for example, does not require a model or mental image, because we can observe the objects directly with our own senses. Although models are meant only to describe certain aspects of a physical system accurately, ... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58269/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Units and Measurement"
] | 226 | aa098d154845e57163856f97171e578edd47ccf1d0023d72eaeb5ad263da44ae | 0 | 0 | true |
86c605a590af80d07699d5d5aed17643 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58277 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | The length of the arrow represents the magnitude D of vector D→. Here, D = 6 km. Since the magnitude of a vector is its length, which is a positive number, the magnitude is also indicated by placing the absolute value notation around the symbol that denotes the vector; so, we can write equivalently that D≡|D→|. To solv... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58277/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Vectors"
] | 241 | 44a4d3dd2c49a5b007f95fda34d8ec14ca37030fdfe6dcd5775e1a20c162e937 | 0 | 0 | true |
a5642934b1761b8801bba8da00aa82ce | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58277 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | The magnitude of the displacement vector D→AB from A to B is the same as the magnitude of the displacement vector D→BA from B to A (it equals 6 km in both cases), so we can write DAB=DBA. However, vector D→AB is not equal to vector D→BA because these two vectors have different directions: D→AB≠D→BA. In , vector D→BA wo... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58277/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Vectors"
] | 238 | 2fb514a712ad12ac906c5aaf1ce463c694a053cc67a528268bd62be3592ebc1d | 0 | 0 | true |
7b17de41c13f8aae595312fbb15b8018 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58277 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | This means his displacement vector D→DB is the difference of two vectors:
Notice that a difference of two vectors is nothing more than a vector sum of two vectors because the second term in is vector −D→AD (which is antiparallel to D→AD). When we substitute into , we obtain the second displacement vector:
This result m... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58277/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Vectors"
] | 246 | 03f070460d2a1988d0c13a9a122f5d5a64b7011b590ba380884fe87f51d3b807 | 0 | 0 | true |
0fb89724d025f2b8c3600314bc18e9d7 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58277 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Geometric Construction of the Resultant The three displacement vectors A→, B→, and C→ in are specified by their magnitudes A = 10.0, B = 7.0, and C = 8.0, respectively, and by their respective direction angles with the horizontal direction α=35°, β=−110°, and γ=30°. The physical units of the magnitudes are centimeters.... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58277/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Vectors"
] | 245 | 8880370ef4b799af3c9853aed5caa5509487ea5b22dc7c831ee6bf727d8710cf | 0 | 0 | true |
0f0ab95b76199f58d61916f57047ffaa | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58300 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | The only external forces acting on the mass are its weight and the tension supplied by the rope. Thus,
where T and w are the magnitudes of the tension and weight, respectively, and their signs indicate direction, with up being positive. As we proved using Newton’s second law, the tension equals the weight of the suppor... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58300/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Newton's Laws of Motion"
] | 246 | e022e54b879ecb09d8ea42de955b68595392ac45d8089d08a5bd9a0d7949e4ec | 0 | 0 | true |
5d689ab22b537529e5afdc7e9456da9d | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58300 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | As we determined from the analysis in the horizontal direction, TL=TR=T:
Now we can substitute the vales for TLy and TRy, into the net force equation in the vertical direction:
and
so
and the tension is
Significance The vertical tension in the wire acts as a force that supports the weight of the tightrope walker. The t... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58300/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Newton's Laws of Motion"
] | 223 | c253b1b61dde42f34dcd2b2e690efed229c0a7195fe73f66d28f6762db6d93dc | 0 | 0 | true |
b8b49f48700949dc0c139e461b9bfd60 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58300 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | definition | Hooke’s law: in a spring, a restoring force proportional to and in the opposite direction of the imposed displacement
normal force: force supporting the weight of an object, or a load, that is perpendicular to the surface of contact between the load and its support; the surface applies this force to an object to suppor... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58300/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Newton's Laws of Motion",
"Hooke’s law",
"normal force",
"tension"
] | 103 | 21951a8e63e8e522b6548c2034764fd1530afdea47160dfd67e57d2ed478d5ff | 0 | 0 | true |
be0786d736519807cee08868ba01a971 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58301 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Assume that the rope pulls object A so that it slides upward, and that object B is sliding down the slope. Strategy We follow the four steps listed in the problem-solving strategy. Solution We start by creating a diagram for the first object of interest. In (a), object A is isolated (circled) and represented by a dot. ... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58301/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Newton's Laws of Motion"
] | 246 | 1b59880b234bde2821f5db772301a1603f67f66a111f60cd9e4e9558aaa6f3ae | 0 | 0 | true |
a74a3d53116df274d508bdf2ca817da7 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58719 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | In the English system, still used in the United States, the unit of force is the pound (lb) and the unit of distance is the foot (ft), so the unit of work is the foot-pound (ft·lb). Work Done by Constant Forces and Contact Forces
The simplest work to evaluate is that done by a force that is constant in magnitude and di... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58719/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Work and Kinetic Energy"
] | 226 | 4d63626367df17e4194a4cc06d05c3ab27e424372e0b1bdc5ec66b43faeaeeb3 | 0 | 0 | true |
11baa8849bf32b15bb9d6f2c36658e4b | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58719 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Solution
- The work done by friction i
- The length of the path along the hypotenuse is 10m, so the total work done against friction is
Significance The total path over which the work of friction was evaluated began and ended at the same point (it was a closed path), so that the total displacement of the couch was zero... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58719/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Work and Kinetic Energy"
] | 239 | d3ff5d73be6232a2e75bd76411fc6ed9b9acce5184353c3a21b71279764f4274 | 0 | 0 | true |
782281434ba1c6d7f458126dd3a88869 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58719 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | Therefore, 4W(0cmto6cm)=W(0cmto6cm)+W(6cmto12cm), or W(6cmto12cm)=3W(0cmto6cm), as we found above. Summary
- The infinitesimal increment of work done by a force, acting over an infinitesimal displacement, is the dot product of the force and the displacement.
- The work done by a force, acting over a finite path, is the... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58719/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Work and Kinetic Energy"
] | 217 | 67507d97f687bb808dc539f545f91fca8aea18d40a695402c33dd0e68533dbe9 | 0 | 0 | true |
6480057c9d2d4c03ad7e71e359cfdf95 | X:osx:university-physics-volume-1:m58376 | openstax-university-physics-volume-1 | passage | This model has been accepted and reinforced by decades of subsequent calculations, including those from nuclear test explosions, which can be measured very precisely. As sound waves move away from a speaker, or away from the epicenter of an earthquake, their power per unit area decreases. This is why the sound is very ... | db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-university-physics-bundle/blob/db44eb99e9aa1d918fd8cf182f82ccdece9c7b11/modules/m58376/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@db44eb99 | [
"Sound"
] | 210 | a3076d4fd0611ece15f16ae0c5b44db27ef079232ea67e689d7ef2775d8b0f93 | 0 | 0 | true |
cf553f75a2fbbb2bcd14a2518ad31f33 | X:osx:algebra-1:m00343 | openstax-algebra-1 | passage | Notice and Wonder Graph Features
Examine the following graph. Take a minute to think of at least one thing you notice and one thing you wonder. | a277f9bb2abcc90d201a66879973463a45e5eaa4 | https://github.com/openstax/osbooks-algebra-1/blob/a277f9bb2abcc90d201a66879973463a45e5eaa4/modules/m00343/index.cnxml | 2026-08-02 | null | CC-BY-4.0 | per-record-metadata:LICENSE@a277f9bb | [
"Project 1: Slopes and Intercepts"
] | 36 | 21fe68654b612fd5173d6d0415c9d8cecd53da9a9b11faa5d2362b0dba593493 | 0 | 0 | true |
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