Datasets:

ctaxnagomi
/

bintulu-llm-dataset

A text-to-text (prompt → answer) corpus about Bintulu, Sarawak — its national parks, beaches, energy industry, history, food, transport and guesthouse hospitality. Built for two uses:

Fine-tuning a text-to-text LLM (instruction, QA, dialogue, translation, NLI, MCQ).
Embedding/retrieval — every row's text field (canonically equal to input_text) is the embeddable surface for a vector store.

Schema

Each JSONL row:

field	type	meaning
`input_text`	string	prompt / source sentence (embed with `text`)
`target_text`	string	expected answer / completion
`text`	string	canonical embeddable surface (`== input_text`)
`meta`	dict	`id` (`bintulu-t2t-#####`), `category`, `lang`, `source`

Counts

Rows: 1681 unique (input_text, target_text) pairs (seeded, deduplicated).
Categories: translation (753), itinerary (300), sarawak_malay (282), knowledge_qa (69), multiple_choice (55), dialogue (49), recommendation (44), definition (39), instruction (35), nli (29), fact_check (26).
Languages: en 646, mix 502, ms 533 (≥500 — includes 282 rows of Bahasa Melayu Sarawak dialect under the sarawak_malay_* categories).
Deterministic: regenerate identically with python build_bintulu.py (seed 20260905).

Load locally

pip install datasets
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("ctaxnagomi/bintulu-llm-dataset", split="train")
print(ds[0])

or directly:

python -c "import json; rows=[json.loads(l) for l in open('data/train.jsonl')]; print(len(rows))"

Embedding submission (vector store ingestion)

Requirements for submitting this corpus to an embedding model:

Model: multilingual recommended for en/ms rows, e.g. BAAI/bge-m3 (1024-dim) or jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en (T5-style, 8192-token window) via the Hugging Face Inference API.
Embedded surface: the text field, but for retrieval tasks embed the query and document with the same prompt style (text == input_text).
Normalisation: L2-normalise vectors before storing; retrieval uses cosine similarity.
Truncation: truncate to the model window (512 tokens for BGE-family / Sentence-BERT, 8192 for Jina v2). Truncate from the left for long prompts.
Batching: batch ≤ 64 rows, keep the HTTP connection alive, and retry with exponential backoff on HTTP 429 / 503.
Precision: store float32; row order must match train.jsonl.
Auth: send Authorization: Bearer {{YourHFToken}} (replace the placeholder with your HF read token; never commit the token).

See scripts/embed.py for a ready-to-run ingestion script.

Grounding sources

Wikipedia (Bintulu, Similajau National Park), Sarawak Tourism Board, Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Bintulu Development Authority (BDA), and sector-verified facts collected for the Kim Guesthouse project. Sarawak Malay dialect rows are grounded in Asmah Haji Omar (2015), Wikipedia "Sarawak Malay" (phonology and vocabulary, Nabilah Bolhassan 2019), the Borneo Dictionary Melayu Sarawak wordlists, and the DangoSarawak community glossary. Generated by a deterministic seeded builder (ctecx-ai-grounded, ctecx-ai-grounded-sarawak).

Downloads last month: 36

input_text stringlengths 13 164	target_text stringlengths 2 221	text stringlengths 13 164	meta dict
Where is Bintulu located?	Bintulu is a coastal town in the central region of Sarawak, on the island of Borneo, in Malaysia.	Where is Bintulu located?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00000", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What was Bintulu before the discovery of oil and gas?	Bintulu was a small fishing village before offshore oil and gas reserves were discovered in 1969.	What was Bintulu before the discovery of oil and gas?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00001", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
In which year were oil and gas reserves discovered off the coast of Bintulu?	The reserves were discovered in 1969, transforming Bintulu into an energy hub.	In which year were oil and gas reserves discovered off the coast of Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00002", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When did Bintulu host its first meeting of the Council Negri?	In 1867, Bintulu hosted the first-ever meeting of Sarawak's State Legislative Assembly, the Council Negri, earning it the title cradle of democracy in Sarawak.	When did Bintulu host its first meeting of the Council Negri?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00003", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Who ceded Bintulu to Sarawak in 1861?	Bintulu, historically part of the Brunei Sultanate, was acquired by James Brooke in 1861, integrating it into the emerging Sarawak state.	Who ceded Bintulu to Sarawak in 1861?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00004", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is Malaysia LNG Sdn Bhd?	Malaysia LNG is the operator of one of the world's largest liquefied natural gas complexes, located in Bintulu, Sarawak.	What is Malaysia LNG Sdn Bhd?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00005", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When did the Malaysia LNG complex begin operations?	The Malaysia LNG complex in Bintulu began operations in 1983.	When did the Malaysia LNG complex begin operations?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00006", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What makes Bintulu Port significant?	Bintulu Port is the busiest port in Sarawak and the only port in the state with a liquefied petroleum gas terminal.	What makes Bintulu Port significant?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00007", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When did Bintulu's deep-water port come into operation?	The deep-water port at Bintulu came into operation around 1983, boosting the town onto the global energy stage.	When did Bintulu's deep-water port come into operation?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00008", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis plant?	It is a gas-to-liquids plant in Bintulu that converts natural gas into middle distillates using the Fischer-Tropsch process, and was the world's first commercial plant of its kind.	What is the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis plant?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00009", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is SCORE in relation to Bintulu?	SCORE, the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy, is a development corridor launched in 2008; Bintulu hosts the Samalaju Industrial Park as one of its core hubs.	What is SCORE in relation to Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00010", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the Samalaju Industrial Park?	A large industrial park near Bintulu developed under SCORE, hosting energy-intensive industries such as aluminium smelting and polysilicon production.	What is the Samalaju Industrial Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00011", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is Similajau National Park?	A coastal national park about 30 km northeast of Bintulu, famous for golden beaches, coastal cliffs, rainforest, turtles, Irrawaddy dolphins and saltwater crocodiles.	What is Similajau National Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00012", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When was Similajau National Park gazetted?	Similajau National Park was gazetted as a national park on 1 December 1976 and opened to the public in 1979.	When was Similajau National Park gazetted?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00013", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
How large is Similajau National Park?	Similajau National Park covers about 89.96 square kilometres (roughly 8,996 hectares).	How large is Similajau National Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00014", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Which animals can be seen in Similajau National Park?	Saltwater crocodiles, Irrawaddy dolphins, hornbills, monitor lizards and nesting sea turtles can be seen in and around Similajau National Park.	Which animals can be seen in Similajau National Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00015", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Which beaches are in Similajau National Park?	The park is known for Golden Beach and Turtle Beach, reachable by coastal jungle trails.	Which beaches are in Similajau National Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00016", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When is the best time to visit Similajau National Park?	Between April and September, the drier season, is best for beach hikes and wildlife spotting in Similajau National Park.	When is the best time to visit Similajau National Park?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00017", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is Tanjung Batu Beach?	Tanjung Batu Beach, also known as Temasya Beach, is a popular recreational and picnic spot in Bintulu.	What is Tanjung Batu Beach?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00018", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the Borneo International Kite Festival?	An international kite festival held at the beaches around Bintulu, attracting kite flyers from around the world.	What is the Borneo International Kite Festival?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00019", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the Bintulu Development Authority?	The Bintulu Development Authority (BDA) is a statutory body established in 1978 that combines local council and development agency functions for Bintulu.	What is the Bintulu Development Authority?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00020", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Which university is in Bintulu?	University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), formerly University College of Technology Sarawak, is a public university in Bintulu. Universiti Putra Malaysia also has a campus there.	Which university is in Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00021", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
When did Bintulu's new airport open?	A new Bintulu Airport opened in 2002, replacing the old airstrip.	When did Bintulu's new airport open?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00022", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the IATA and ICAO code for Bintulu Airport?	The IATA code is BWH and the ICAO code is WBGB.	What is the IATA and ICAO code for Bintulu Airport?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00023", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the climate of Bintulu?	Bintulu has a tropical equatorial climate with temperatures between about 24 C and 32 C, heavy rainfall, and a wetter northeast monsoon from around November to February.	What is the climate of Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00024", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What districts make up Bintulu Division?	The Bintulu Division comprises the districts of Bintulu, Tatau and Sebauh.	What districts make up Bintulu Division?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00025", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Which river flows through Bintulu?	The main river in Bintulu is the Kemena River, which flows into the sea near the town.	Which river flows through Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00026", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the main industry in Bintulu today?	Liquefied natural gas, oil and gas support industries, petrochemicals, palm oil, wood processing and cement manufacturing are the main industries of Bintulu.	What is the main industry in Bintulu today?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00027", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Why is Bintulu called the energy hub of Sarawak?	Bintulu hosts Malaysia LNG, a Shell gas-to-liquids plant, a combined cycle power plant and the deep-water port that exports these products.	Why is Bintulu called the energy hub of Sarawak?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00028", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What powers the Bintulu combined cycle plant?	The Bintulu combined cycle power plant produces about 317 megawatts and was the first plant in Malaysia registered with the United Nations Clean Development Mechanism (2010).	What powers the Bintulu combined cycle plant?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00029", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
How far is Similajau National Park from Bintulu town?	Similajau National Park is about 30 kilometres from Bintulu, roughly a 30 to 40 minute drive.	How far is Similajau National Park from Bintulu town?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00030", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Which languages are spoken in Bintulu?	Bahasa Malaysia and English are widely used, alongside Iban, Melanau, Chinese dialects and the local Bahasa Bintulu dialect.	Which languages are spoken in Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00031", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What ethnic groups live in Bintulu?	Bintulu's population is diverse, including Malay, Melanau, Chinese, Iban and other indigenous groups of Borneo.	What ethnic groups live in Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00032", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is bahari or kolo mee in Bintulu?	Kolo mee is a popular Sarawak-style egg noodle dish seasoned with shallot oil; local coffee and fresh seafood are also staples of Bintulu.	What is bahari or kolo mee in Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00033", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is kek lapis Sarawak?	Kek lapis, a colourful layered cake, is a famous Sarawak delicacy that is widely made and enjoyed in Bintulu.	What is kek lapis Sarawak?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00034", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What is the time zone of Bintulu?	Bintulu follows Malaysia Standard Time, UTC+8.	What is the time zone of Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00035", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
What area code covers Bintulu?	The telephone area code for Bintulu is +6086.	What area code covers Bintulu?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00036", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Why is Bintulu historically important to Sarawak's democracy?	The first meeting of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly was held in Bintulu in 1867, making it the cradle of the state's legislative history.	Why is Bintulu historically important to Sarawak's democracy?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00037", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Who was James Brooke?	James Brooke was the first White Rajah of Sarawak, and under his rule the territory of Bintulu was acquired from the Brunei Sultanate in 1861.	Who was James Brooke?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00038", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }
Who chose Bintulu as the venue for the first Council Negri meeting?	Charles Brooke, the second Rajah of Sarawak, chose Bintulu in 1867 as the venue for the first Council Negri meeting.	Who chose Bintulu as the venue for the first Council Negri meeting?	{ "id": "bintulu-t2t-00039", "category": "knowledge_qa", "lang": "en", "source": "ctecx-ai-grounded" }