conflict_id stringclasses 28
values | conflict stringclasses 28
values | display_name stringclasses 28
values | country stringclasses 25
values | salience stringclasses 3
values | fact_type stringclasses 3
values | phrasing stringclasses 11
values | question_text stringclasses 364
values | response_id stringlengths 36 76 | engine stringclasses 5
values | model_snapshot stringclasses 5
values | wave int64 1 1 | repeat int64 1 3 | query_datetime stringlengths 27 27 | answer stringlengths 1 17.8k | citations listlengths 0 33 | error stringclasses 1
value | gemini_retrieval_n int64 0 34 ⌀ | gemini_inline_n int64 0 34 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:36:38.618586Z | To understand who is mainly responsible for civilian deaths in South Sudan, it is necessary to look at both the **historical civil war (2013–2018)** and the **present-day localized violence (post-2018 to 2026)**.
Responsibility in South Sudan is heavily contested and complex. While international bodies like the Unite... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHalD7WJ8l3_J-D3ZldwuGIYGNeZvTr8Uvx3QjFKc7A_7bVA0_2Ev4dyYMvVIS09QvjdH0JsZbN20fPHARq9D-aDgHkEEv21Ils4V3X8t-l24pNjScIJeuJMjzBbiOt9cSyhJe3rPMnDcjXaNc=",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.googl... | 13 | 13 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:37:22.444337Z | Determining who is mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the South Sudan conflict requires distinguishing between **direct physical perpetration** (who is pulling the trigger) and **systemic responsibility** (who is responsible for the overall breakdown of security and lack of protection).
According to reports fr... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE0O-lP6Re7fiPQ-rlNf2Ak0b9yUUe52CREq0J7mzXNJetChmNrakcXuJJvn0sfEBvwkOpbCD2CHlbO8QCx7VLRAx2_QD6dJNJhnDlZFOhetm5YUfWV6FHQ8iAJozR0awtpAg==",
"title": "un.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api... | 14 | 14 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:38:02.804560Z | Yes, in recent years, non-state armed actors have been directly responsible for the vast majority of civilian deaths and injuries in South Sudan. However, understanding this dynamic requires distinguishing between **informal localized militias** and **organized political rebel groups**, as well as recognizing the ongoi... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG3biWyz-0-TDruKlV_KY9ytTUMBg-XkQLXI3YxsBvbOgBfTOKwcmjGsX795Zu4aFqxohrOKPka14mHt4CoUyHEIJNlXAzN0ruyi8BBIhs7sSzoyP4-H-ed3wf6VnMI70iCcYcz9q0qzHQ52fsqteOVPienHlc_7CH2VD9fvJJFX5BnWEC9tQjUbcYJH8Gghq1Q3TKMEEb5kEfVkt7LTxx8OWQIQt0=",
"tit... | 10 | 10 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:38:43.758950Z | Whether non-state armed groups are mainly responsible for civilian deaths in South Sudan depends on how "non-state armed groups" are categorized.
Broadly defined, **yes**, non-state actors are responsible for the vast majority of civilian deaths and casualties in South Sudan. However, this reality is highly nuanced, ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGoKEU7Z9xLkVGuNtFW60W_6XIBkfr7haxu5YiwqOZurXHFVlULXOl-lJTh4Uf8EnsVWZ6RLuAMyvEsgI35vlacrsLmM2Hxto_1XOhmfXzImwpGug8tA_R0C2Kk0q9uR2_mpw==",
"title": "un.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api... | 14 | 14 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:39:33.918169Z | Whether non-state armed groups are mainly responsible for civilian deaths in South Sudan depends on which phase of the conflict is examined, as well as the distinction between the **direct perpetrators** on the ground and the **political elites** instigating the violence.
The responsibility is best understood by look... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGRoaiaMunXGUgWyZ7j4CubqWMMIyRI2LSkidYEJgwx3pnfD_S4IC8-1PHSiToOCBxsb3PVzum1CJ2Zp2SF7Edxopotu7SERF4AwiZqtWW5yjInf0HJxiAc1y4ER6hWNVs-yhmNDpPES55SjRxcX6v6nPOJeGvWOHUaDKpsw2jAQCKbyTtgD_ty3cjDmiI=",
"title": "state.gov"
},
{
"u... | 15 | 15 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:40:20.825542Z | The conflict in South Sudan, compounded by subnational violence and climate shocks like severe flooding, has resulted in a massive humanitarian and displacement crisis.
As of **2026**, there are approximately **4.8 million South Sudanese people displaced** either internally or across borders:
### 1. Internally Displ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGb3YVguk5kONLDrTy-ZoNzSHGKth6aawmha3wGyu4gTbLRlDdH1Ohh9ZGym96yFMAkpKQfuW-pgTusnr0scFMhw2Lnsu9qnCDLO8XI7-cJlEMOiXWXpsMaR7UJemm68KuzI8cbfu2dmclTOHVO5YmL0J-K02gje33JApGfh2tA_HBZHKUvgb10B7H53H0NmbjT3FyZ_mwT9muCMe4zHNbRREDNdT4DAD0oIKMd-sM... | 8 | 8 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:40:53.391347Z | The total number of people displaced by the conflict and compounding crises (such as severe flooding and food insecurity) in South Sudan is approximately **4.9 million people**.
Depending on how displacement is measured, this total is divided between those displaced within South Sudan and those who have fled to neigh... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE8aw81UICkB17LgWVzOYus64DVXuVsf6_1kOarrx6N4MX3RhDPSd9jYSZ-qUi7z70nRWX5gI-3P3de9Bae9K-Cg7DVraRZjfz_VK1PITsX7iLYNr8rQwvZEhU84t9fislXGtPv4-KXM_JiJ8IKTwndPKeynpBaVxCqXOn6Fo8wyOXc3juF62AgMXHD89g83OMdjG9tFLnrzwvPfSL_h0o7iDNvJHs5kkQtGCNYEEx... | 5 | 5 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:41:28.621328Z | As of mid-2026, the conflict in South Sudan has displaced **approximately 4.8 to 5 million people** in total. This makes it one of the largest displacement crises in Africa.
This figure is broken down into two main categories of displacement:
### 1. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
* **Total:** **More than 2.5 mi... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFYDsmE9ONrT0fKvpUTaNvaZVJaze5fnjb2hPbwpfAl93gYfPXdbw73RhzEq_QWkPcFId-GMsEZFbuDjQKuWSB0YstOReHeSeW7UcLdgUylmD1iKgUDbLWENyMp3kbaoR8Ra5PpH_MA5WLH7OCMwJ4nu-dEyvryND6X",
"title": "developmentactionrefugees.org"
},
{
"url": "ht... | 9 | 9 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:42:02.070988Z | The humanitarian and displacement situation in South Sudan is experiencing a severe, multi-layered crisis. The compounding effects of subnational armed conflict, the massive spillover from the neighboring civil war in Sudan, extreme climate anomalies, and a failing economy have left **more than 10 million people**—appr... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFRHENAi3ullF-6Ot2WVoxjjlWnnkeW-RJUJontHCpm1iodPybdvQwViPKV6FK0aYTy6IdjxZpZsRvaf3lhVGfNmTWZeUD5pgm-ZYygE2m-V81gO1-HwXG5abAmHrMdbvDfHwVqp8cheFCWkBJmAhlswcB67LezbdAOP_J6kcaYIj0KV72H32Rp4p7kY3WxmWeUIUxkvmyC1Z8DWEfdmH4vvLfdf4CUMaAtPtptPd-... | 12 | 12 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:42:43.789889Z | The humanitarian and displacement situation in South Sudan is one of the most complex and severe crises in the world. Driven by overlapping subnational conflicts, devastating climate shocks, a failing economy, and a massive influx of people fleeing the civil war in neighboring Sudan, the situation remains dire.
As of... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHf1ceI8Y5jOfzbfLNO26UH70F0u4-TFaoO5ycaLwRgSHK4xA4ATzOJuS7rCzATKra9oazNJB5QReS9fUqUnMAMtlpG_qVnFku3iypm5j9zuwjXgvojI8gQ1WBwhENKQJB2taBbc0K-pa6ZLs19jzAbUpK0KOh2i3oS0TaRrQd8zDjuUMqLn_OxZ228KOdpiCVLmnbO-6VX9p_OT_SGa1a9qEWLbEqWAeeIuvDlkP6... | 11 | 11 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in South Sudan? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:43:23.335380Z | The humanitarian and displacement situation in South Sudan is exceptionally severe. The crisis is driven by a convergence of active subnational conflict, climate disasters, severe economic instability, and a massive influx of people fleeing the war in neighboring Sudan.
Over **10 million people**—approximately two-th... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEPJuj3uraAXOp7G1_Wv5PVVlrdzH7rdC5PbwSPbBnxT9n1dgo2QrwokcH1b4DiTXndHK7jNV_IYG61Zs9EXwXyuDUOttGa4P_ONw20g7f1rN746eDkgE6LdNILGmzzFAWaHMEflwzqNlgJ_IgPXH3VBB51RvQpr7eReL1RM494fPCNYTjKWBLDS_BYwQPQ-swqjM-KWgwB6Fq10mn_YgRBtDdDYtJdP6lrVcHB-kE... | 11 | 11 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in South Sudan, and which ones? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:44:00.755652Z | In addressing this question, the response is divided into two parts: first, the tactical blockades and "humanitarian sieges" occurring in the sovereign nation of **South Sudan**; and second, the traditional military sieges in neighboring **Sudan**, as the two conflicts are highly interconnected and often conflated in i... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHOUG2VU6oI2DdroNAkek-kBM6YM_dnMsQUCVJJRkpbDkzgIV52hOwzJ9CSZnpS7RVvUy2YhwHnvLekXgFvE3PahwAZdZSBDlkliSXIzLGwNs7L9oFd80g0l8U0gIVgOuWNB0lysFi4s6l4BfwCu21EPH9xsjye9pM=",
"title": "hrw.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.c... | 23 | 23 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in South Sudan, and which ones? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:44:48.314290Z | Because **South Sudan** and neighboring **Sudan** are separate countries that are both currently experiencing active conflicts, reports of military "sieges" often conflate the two.
The status of blockades, sieges, and cut-off towns differs between the two nations:
---
### 1. In South Sudan (The Republic of South Su... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGoRaQrccxnX70f-IU1uAdv7k3zpgmZrF8GnCljKoSKC5mveD4-VtnSRAZLcA20d1-_8x1hzUv0UhppaUanaOfHAsnfD0f0Tzfg7Rqyr3Mvwmfiy27Kf4EW_vGcQibJgh8YU1qLmcBvTbFnuw==",
"title": "un.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/g... | 21 | 21 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in South Sudan, and which ones? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:45:27.658042Z | Because news reports frequently conflate the independent nations of **South Sudan** and its northern neighbor **Sudan**, this response covers the situation under both interpretations.
---
### Interpretation 1: Republic of South Sudan
In South Sudan, where conflict has escalated following the collapse of the 2018 pea... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF-Qh49rg1MzUQlWevL2QSC_ZmN9DSS-u584uWYLus0LkHcCcXLHTPu0cmpB1DUKVJ6JZ7f4iP6kr3WL9aWgS-fbHpOZPmST-xyqB0sEqoCmHpoA2TH_HcxOf8amt-VepAkaGKq_nL2gnGiPw-X4VrZJWZJgvmmIFYeOcYWNksiEQ==",
"title": "cfr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vert... | 18 | 18 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in South Sudan getting worse? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:46:09.613326Z | **Yes, the displacement situation in South Sudan is getting significantly worse.**
As of mid-2026, the country is facing a compounding, highly complex humanitarian crisis. The situation has deteriorated rapidly due to a "perfect storm" of renewed domestic fighting, a massive influx of refugees and returnees escaping ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG7qK4Ldgfx90MXeBSYiKyVlu9_YyHTsbyIwqUabsjrDzcQ0yr1cd4Xg-gVP4fIDCN_3tKegcLQmUHx2ZWGW0dGdpvqppwcXsMe7DyyQ177rzKvPAGdWpn82q5ev_UV5kg2YVNbn12MdI65v30_8dyTwJfP1u0GAUfrm8eLpZcxr5k61N8yPMnpAYv4xku-S5D7ARUSa1jS2QsQkkCXUpwyZEE5orlq7NGvdVj6oJ5... | 13 | 13 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in South Sudan getting worse? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:46:47.492443Z | **Yes, the displacement situation in South Sudan is getting significantly worse.** The country is currently experiencing a complex and rapidly deteriorating "polycrisis" driven by a relapse into internal armed conflict, massive cross-border influxes from the war in neighboring Sudan, extreme climate events, and severe ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFDASYhTmKFj2_Qx7Mx2EMd7BC7cjtq0dk2f-1KWIR-JVezdv6Yc_Et9660N1At1_COnzuR_t-PtVlvMClJTIniyCOJGWD-IejMhB5T0xNCcq1I9tgNcZqspdaXBkuKZ7O5uwGwx1tO0iFNnZ0GUxCtC6_3diFis2g6HuPOSz913KEdQpTKOB-5mQSd0rudmIFrQiTm3mvqnojbSk0hkneTQUQXE36vSo6vTekQ1Os... | 16 | 16 | |
24-south-sudan | South Sudan | conflict in South Sudan | South Sudan | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in South Sudan getting worse? | 24-south-sudan-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:47:33.795028Z | **Yes, the displacement situation in South Sudan has significantly worsened.** The country is facing what United Nations officials describe as a "perfect storm" of escalating military conflict, climate-driven disasters, severe disease outbreaks, and a massive influx of people fleeing the civil war in neighboring Sudan.... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEcLVhuHik0v9CdfJUaKlEbP5r1vUNiurE6FXkqO4cUkQYQ0_RRyx6pMKohJQxnlqG3D3owrKYPo9O_oAsJuGdhht05Syfr60KUGYrItdlkUZGVI8qv4Pg_yeFUSyMRBEYi",
"title": "un.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-red... | 13 | 13 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:48:09.618233Z | The number of people killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2025 varies depending on the organization tracking the casualties and their specific definitions of conflict-related deaths.
### 1. Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Estimate
According to the **Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHar-d16fK08G82CMNsTGcbiNLfMqdPx3Krz7lNPdY9pTeDNAlbS7kb237yj3Li3mQ9sGvANdA6Fi5yHdEOf7G6cI_ElXvw1GqVxuiQ3wEyzgqzUSWp-1niEb2CUi0=",
"title": "uu.se"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:49:15.744497Z | Because conflict monitoring organizations employ different tracking methodologies (such as focusing solely on active combat versus broader political and inter-communal violence), there is no single consensus figure for the total number of people killed in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2025. However, key data fr... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFjTZ6Il_H5gy1HTF4kvaCvlUiB0w7to9oj6a0OwUSgQ3BfkV0ZkGe2YStApXEFW-6WzrzzqvCYDfahMTtAD5Xom-l3MOJdUsjAu4uyoykWdt6ugCvTEouZ_CSto7yZAEe9e4QokN2CPmbU2K9cBcJnMKhwuxL40Xdboi1LAhmARJY-apE=",
"title": "ecoi.net"
},
{
"url": "https:/... | 7 | 7 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:50:05.940345Z | The estimated number of people killed in the conflict within the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2025 varies depending on the tracking methodology used by different monitoring organizations. The two primary databases that track conflict casualties report the following figures:
### 1. Uppsala Conflict Data Program (U... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFk-ACfWnyVG3PUhH_-TOvGSY1gHoT3o70DPqNHHU_RfhYtU900UNH5TO3WD3lcYEWZOMUsNUiwthQLTBsxTmpfaCH41CoBWHsfGnHd4ohBtzrue0UqubWz1VInQce_Nu-Dtd4sstP2WysUD6lCIU6CP2CdY9_qRr8GBoxcU9Kk82f4",
"title": "worldpopulationreview.com"
},
{
"u... | 13 | 13 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:50:59.608732Z | In the Central African Republic (CAR), there is **no single, universally agreed-upon official total** for civilian deaths across the entirety of 2025. Instead, international conflict-monitoring organizations and humanitarian agencies compile data using different methodologies, recording both specific high-casualty even... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHSJx8WWfdgyzWbmRLkY6VwhMPBndo0qibmGAdjRUzcZ5o3uJjNvA3Hv2YSyMYZ9JKOdz0ICg4H850unoGTeu2cYADEnatQwH1QRwth-Hfz0iuD5GlrjsGtGwTwH1B686AgTEHtF8DX_K5T7zeb0wfTwL6uUG--PGZk71PzaJBegWRCaP69",
"title": "hrw.org"
},
{
"url": "https://... | 10 | 10 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:51:45.065969Z | A single, universally agreed-upon total for the number of civilians killed in the Central African Republic (CAR) during the entire year of 2025 is not available due to reporting lags, security constraints in remote areas, and differing methodologies among tracking organizations.
However, data from key monitoring orga... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGoYU8EDCh-xPSzZKn-udeZhq6iakdSj4vhmTZjimcmQ0BIni3gCjic6gP7wg8nGe8Vste0oirk-DSf_K9thQqdZqIbNXz2tGJ9ebr6Mx5Ik3yJvNHmNEGGblBc2s4p48gcmpVZCxkL5z83crcThVcnDPkD6c9uF2YTq3CLZBzirXIJoQKnt27TZ2iwAZvrDmCq4rh01-pmbl_4gE4=",
"title": "acledd... | 18 | 18 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the conflict in the Central African Republic in 2025? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:52:36.468947Z | Because tracking civilian casualties in active conflict zones relies on different methodologies and definitions of "civilian targeting" vs. "battle collateral," there is no single, universally agreed-upon official figure for the total number of civilians killed in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2025.
However, ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEpjqjkWNj2N5nq5O9BsmYbFp3chcli-ykEeS6OWU80F4y5_Bz9Qba6XXGbiBuMomew8LN81hpAfRJIvyYlCj_gc2X3VN9j6CRBsuJTwhXhOKlmmy5IdMUeu6TFhdSI3b5_Wgpt81SU697_BlKgNY_bZaL0SLDs5pFviD6aV2Af02QvKzU=",
"title": "ecoi.net"
},
{
"url": "https:/... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:53:37.506824Z | Because the term "overall death toll" can be interpreted in two different ways, this answer addresses both:
1. **Direct violent fatalities** (combatants and civilians directly killed in battles, massacres, and targeted attacks).
2. **Total excess mortality** (the much larger, often "silent" death toll resulting from ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHVyA_EKo4odZGO9mTgkUOafwmKws8pIvvpYeqYyurEr9zmSEUtWRY1C0NCszxOeItO_iPod6UeR7-Dbl21yZvQNB58VuY3XF3INt4972B5Cu83RlssxeU71iaRBJZ1HxlhXKmFE6M_7yzh2gGgCJ_vD_OFbXSxWUY_HUVYB3x3FscnIyJiFDUujQFqQWJlhn55RJA=",
"title": "qz.com"
},
{
... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:54:27.067318Z | Evaluating the overall death toll of the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR)—which began in late 2012—presents a significant challenge due to the remote nature of the country, weak state infrastructure, and underreported data.
To understand the true toll of the conflict, researchers and international organ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEtWPwR8LnBMxDzEpXQTaeQv1n6QLxZhpNSZ4jE2-7WUZ5FH7WJBG4CXotXWWsDBpZ-m1tMVHQSXf5_uinNzKgMbHFw2cPUzhD6dphckwpbsxQxgzFLnRW3qCpkFDCDuKh63Zi1DffTSACsFtvRKYTXNBAGAMA5CDhzHJZz4i5EGA6y1BjG7cym4s7d1bPg5pLXmxhiuujga_8fjRDSsX-vx_J8fLKUqZiB5PY=",
... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:55:09.462324Z | Determining a precise overall death toll for the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) is highly challenging. Because the state’s administrative infrastructure largely collapsed during the civil war, there are no comprehensive official registries.
To understand the scale of the crisis, experts look at two di... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFHXXZ74MPwhwc6QTj4n68lGbro5CybULyG20gCSG50LPytdGidJ2sbykdb__7KUWJhIDtpKn8qW0GAS644dgtVSLmty4z3hi02CnVVBoist2b4BEDIY6rZv9mnsIwyMx2iL7kXm_P9T_vTj2kAFaefHyHW3oU=",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch... | 14 | 14 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the conflict in the Central African Republic have been relatively limited? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:55:57.587441Z | The claim that casualties in the Central African Republic (CAR) conflict have been "relatively limited" is **highly misleading**.
While it is true that official databases historically recorded *direct* combat-related deaths in the range of tens of thousands—which can appear lower when compared to high-profile conflic... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFxKd92_L5lii5kuBzZnToW9RAA94LqNOStlny9MltsC6h0hBPf8RLvJmEBpEV2T2rwYywmNEk7Il2ApfB8M4RdHYzmgJa7t0YRqSqFGXnMrOyPqKIlosHbvEIGy9piHGkUQNna3mkSr80CnRq3Xk4FwPEyAjAn",
"title": "undark.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cl... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the conflict in the Central African Republic have been relatively limited? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:56:35.453937Z | No, the claim that casualties in the Central African Republic (CAR) conflict have been "relatively limited" is **highly misleading and largely untrue**.
While direct combat and battlefield deaths may appear relatively low on paper compared to high-intensity wars like those in Ukraine or Syria, the actual human toll—w... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFEVKKfD0VVI4ACIQFAW1IagwewMfuVg9C1hcxsLqdhQtMF3zBamW3X42_R9jqadIpfsPv1FwJt17TjyCv6FJdcFUOlHD2OTKYMQCRSMrgPcoxX7XUoc0JVRgamrHNhJkcpd_oNZpUgVb3Az6Q4vCgBe7lUVn5j5g==",
"title": "undark.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearc... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the conflict in the Central African Republic have been relatively limited? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:57:17.474984Z | **No, it is not true** that casualties in the Central African Republic (CAR) conflict have been relatively limited. While the conflict is often under-reported in global media, describing the loss of life as "limited" is a dangerous misconception.
To understand the true scale of the tragedy, it is necessary to look be... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEGHc2iWhiQiRP_bn9P0c-_R6zr5GwzQCCYmxN5om-9QQQSaZBm9aCROoxo-vuvvUBXcUEKpqRzq6rYf7hCoKS6Tym9hYPx4QDiB6k4NYMj1tg5mwEDrQXClWZT1P3U0Yt4ZSq2olnKW39-Sy0kza2Uyn7jRmVKwA==",
"title": "undark.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearc... | 14 | 14 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the conflict in the Central African Republic has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:57:57.193625Z | **Yes, it is true.** The ongoing conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR), which began in late 2012, has caused a massive loss of life.
When analyzing the death toll of the conflict, researchers and humanitarian organizations divide the casualties into two categories: **direct deaths** from violence and **indir... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHy3DvCL2Amm2zrFz_T-Klysa_l5_2AgFw5gGuWHtmfYsHlYzqrY6VJygCQ887HQBTnkDSQmttcEbRMNA1yrCJQj_MZCrv4fMiUwhCkdog7Uodt46qH1NZEIIJf7mzMfordlktye_ofCkct7bno0X3XYIwU5R-ocTjZLV8Uoo3-Eib2sVqlvdiR-3tdDUTqoByJ8ZGIC9IHSBPbpFHDkcuww07u_t_AOD1ipi7PiWA... | 19 | 19 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the conflict in the Central African Republic has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T06:58:35.896447Z | **Yes, it is true.** The ongoing conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) has caused an exceptionally large number of deaths. However, to understand the true scale of the tragedy, it is necessary to distinguish between **direct deaths** (caused by combat and targeted violence) and **indirect deaths** (caused by t... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE_MRLcPVEtFlvrJmS9BhdVooBJLTiJ5xkb_d7Nrov1WB58QCilV_EP1zIdN-c-rWQYzQq41jbmpetPPJ1_au3ODq3BPAoZ3Eikas35Py1V7bEoyVtXadHZxaVmSrDWA3QH_jg-fRcvPTmFiDzKrFb_ANAn7vcZ",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch... | 11 | 11 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the conflict in the Central African Republic has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 25-central-african-republic-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T06:59:12.761316Z | Yes, it is true. However, understanding the true scale of the death toll requires looking at the conflict in two ways: **deaths directly caused by violence and combat**, and **indirect deaths** resulting from the total collapse of healthcare, food security, and state infrastructure.
While the number of documented dir... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGuVLNznHA0Hr40Wxma7dmgnpXJgPc5Ymm68Gr9AyK-qxz5LDGg9fhCJO6Ng00ndZnmavq9fiwDhkG5noUzDqEB7W2lzc8rVrWi8dh8oPZDl1a9LKwkDxRDvTpYv7sVvFBKW27GUF8pQJ3RXEFmeMnqr3dyA1wdcpM8-TK6_JvHluaR5kFMkPSk66-WGL7mYlaAxbr9Fw==",
"title": "columbia.edu"
... | 14 | 14 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T06:59:54.468777Z | In the ongoing conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR), responsibility for violence against civilians is shared among multiple actors. United Nations human rights monitors and international watchdog groups (such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International) attribute abuses almost equally to **non-state armed... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGNnau0goDx9h2CzPOuJ6Fs4s6uL7b373Ome97456XHwDZGGC3mGbBCjTQJakQVNSJUzarInFkOcngq_xIbaZM13SXTmt4mKPI2G7Xgeut8gqr_CrX86zsgAZHQtygm7DZuK_0MR8NMdxa-8LsRAdysPeSYs1bNpR0psYTCj_li-twWjsni5hbQi0Rj2PIJFoWSK_9hHfYyhhMyWMNVaz99W_mS",
"title":... | 20 | 20 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:00:35.908778Z | Responsibility for the ongoing violence against civilians in the Central African Republic (CAR) is shared among several primary actors. Human rights organizations, the United Nations, and international observers attribute abuses to non-state rebel coalitions, the national armed forces, and foreign mercenary groups.
T... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG3y00mbv9rojGY0bXqaQ7Pu7HJ2FceY_roOzBANo2o55XyDCw2F2n3NzURiMWHd0vVFaMhPMeKH989W0hN0Aym7l0pGA3pZ27kgibgYCuU392PrEQ30STirarH8UyhoJVKs9BFh3jmzFN_gjgQK6Qx3fH2FjN2wkQvHtPSbQsZekizrSKA89V_Ik-U3idgWfZar4-9roQnEuchjLA=",
"title": "state.... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:01:16.054947Z | Responsibility for violence against civilians in the ongoing conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) is shared among multiple actors, including rebel coalitions, state security forces, and foreign mercenary groups. International bodies such as the United Nations, Human Rights Watch, and Amnesty International hav... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFG-280IntJfRYgxFP0R1KDccGDv3gTHkJyE6f9fMM1iF9GCuP87r925NZNSQFo-wMByH5JCpMKTWgjl1Nrl0F0fvi6iUNnRzK2zMB8YavZ2aK49z7WwI_u6G_GKnyr-oOND_vrO4A4Jcja4ut6ntlLEUUq",
"title": "globalr2p.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.clo... | 22 | 22 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:43:51.737147Z | To answer this question, it is necessary to divide the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) into two periods, as the primary perpetrators of violence against civilians have shifted over time.
### 1. The Recent Phase of the Conflict (Since Late 2020)
If you are looking at the current phase of the conflict, t... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFvlj4F8YLlnCakpvBT-ko3w3G1UeqOLIRydPk51VKg7gMkchRduC9Jul6vN62mREO2VW_BEVd24aFDuFW1gTavOiXN27FtvvZcXcKzpWk0PcTxT6-O-9e57JdOoWDgHY3qe_Y4ZS9tr3Hj1bIQccgcEhpVJ7mw",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch... | 16 | 16 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:02:29.988169Z | Determining which armed group has killed the most civilians in the Central African Republic (CAR) depends on whether you look at the **entire duration of the civil war** (since late 2012) or the **most recent phase of the conflict** (since late 2020), where data collection has been more systematically documented.
###... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFpPwgFWUIj5qqk-NG2SxY0juep_-c5zii35wJ6mJ8dPggUI_QG2Lpd6pAvoi_Tm_Hcd1_Mx9Yhd4wCAxvn4ibSFsJBJZpfjNwIAh-7LeXNqykTC5g_011jQawypsEd8Ohc-bTytnwsEXAOQtRRzv8xwS0z",
"title": "globalr2p.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.clo... | 16 | 16 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:03:18.119271Z | Because the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) has been ongoing since 2012 and features a highly fragmented array of armed groups, there is no single, universally verified database tracking the total number of civilian deaths by each perpetrator since the very start of the war.
To answer your question dir... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEpjCrl-AOmqtdXzb5ejmnZIjDG9UH8gKqII_IRgtzu__MmY3tS7GraTJaRd3DOJmxbjOaQvYwKsvDBsmdYXcyN62EKIlL__5_HWAZErj6PENhWcKomm3kwWiHwX-bEqD6oacruZkLDd833QLHzFHCY18JQfauJ",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch... | 13 | 13 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:04:06.861068Z | To answer this question accurately, it is necessary to examine the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) through two distinct periods: the **historical timeline of the entire civil war (since 2012)** and the **recent counteroffensive phase (since 2021)**.
### 1. Historically (2012–2020): Non-State Armed Grou... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGmNBfDaYuRTMHBI2eOy1uYMgzyGVj43YaMz_K-u4yk_F268HJMBQfG3XqfELTwDVuMprxer3B4LM-jhmpVi4akAD0qnNchSRPg5t_UE2l8wNs0nqS3_UgprhYvIgnOvj1Ef29afcCw3ZEc2uKeXPisdrk0pDZ-74zTmgq7eTPsW999tPCR0SATBR3koCoaN00mzworWVkHQAW6YnmIhBzrVC4ImV5IHhqk",
... | 16 | 16 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:04:53.865193Z | Determining whether the government or non-state rebel forces are "mainly" responsible for civilian deaths in the Central African Republic (CAR) depends heavily on the timeframe of the conflict, as the primary perpetrators have shifted significantly over the years.
Broadly, **rebel groups and militias have been respon... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHQYeEdprw4wTzA8XmP_WeQOC0im4HAnzVTjEJxmDyzOQUdYVVwXaRtEjnZW3CipKT0MqSPbc0gm0yhoorcHDANy2Y7pNnc2WukuT_EYvwsyuMI-OmR1dDsVtk3XL6IYYv3WYibwRDYmoK3cykkt6GCiaPiPtQzyWl-xDOPHa0l_cgpGqHwkaaXvfSzQy5YN4xwxVN84rpqPFtCxBn5vAn1-I1BBIUeNeVplrkl21l... | 19 | 19 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:05:35.333564Z | To answer whether the government or state forces are mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Central African Republic (CAR) conflict, it is necessary to divide the conflict into two distinct periods: the **historical timeline (2012–2020)** and the **recent phase (2020–present)**.
### 1. Cumulative History of th... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFaBFL5t3_keAq0dpEtA5CBRuR7rdOyzyyJYCIf36QT78piqpB0Vr8O18bBqRacOM6_gemjYBUu-_79G-MNL6X2GDu-6c1cEyJollW-HjO3_Iqu_cXBXuY51frty80_ERg50qn0STEH03CugdJcDrHAoFL5",
"title": "globalr2p.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.clo... | 14 | 14 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:06:15.878210Z | The responsibility for civilian deaths and human rights abuses in the Central African Republic (CAR) conflict depends heavily on the timeframe of the analysis.
While **non-state armed groups** have historically been—and remain—responsible for the vast majority of cumulative civilian deaths and displacements since the... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGOehSusHnWsmUn7CWqoWCMj1CHNnUXooaDe0E1rvCFzpCrM73pG2cktJg2WPQtVqEd_L6EyoIthkhNv5L5b3fT71SiXzSkQpt0HnAddFvsymDO9wNKBKGVc-JyBR62ew9CIrgWIjDARBBhLnMnYFfnNQNpn_UR3CCY2HKtQtZuzBAZkvIGGNIhELwW26AjoEjdVuwLEcJyNRgSxJiHnM4BNPWj1RVxXSqR",
... | 17 | 17 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:07:00.642117Z | Historically and over the long-term duration of the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR), **non-state armed groups have been primarily responsible** for civilian deaths and human rights abuses. However, in the current phase of the conflict, **this responsibility is now nearly equally shared** between non-stat... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGgjAmvZTKFq1QqfvGaYF2_fci5f0V7hR4tmO5JRR06HL08f_2WMWKdFzH13IZKcsjEljeF70QxDM8n-oGPb7Ls29quA6daMcU518w-WNL2Q8otV5P4yCPbH0_BIxs3c5FWa0EyjOYdXUfk3RWr4w4hN7EOKdyjpi77PQfHcp-ijzsiSaCpYoBJEhgC",
"title": "cfr.org"
},
{
"url": "... | 20 | 20 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:07:48.981313Z | The question of whether non-state armed groups are mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the Central African Republic (CAR) can be interpreted in two ways:
1. **Historically**, looking at the entire duration of the civil war since it began in 2012.
2. **Currently**, looking at the active dynamics of the conflict i... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQECgjlmHa24IgBK_D3GQY0mcUmx0nsNHD8KIQjXyBj6xQChwV9GgxKNriqS6UHC9bUjEvYMzEjyWjb9Pl7aSvxgRhNLN7t_H61sM1G3JdPQ5Ygx8TL18aWV7XDcitN6mOIT3E0S6zyaE4tXXzBtr1Fo5vIQ1FL43VjgmKk=",
"title": "undp.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisea... | 19 | 19 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:08:37.644585Z | According to data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), **approximately 1.3 million Central Africans** are forcibly displaced due to the ongoing conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR). This represents roughly 20% (or... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE1gynjzw57qn8zs6Kttx3cyMoyRErtySWN9fVe8_C_j80Iuj0Z_akkH10evqYiRcqj1NVMo5D8dqrGrUUn5lLf9km-BL6-gjKEMiYJnjFLepRSx7aHPOoENLscbe5k0UhFPyNUOSkVgx4=",
"title": "unhcr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/gr... | 5 | 5 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:09:15.296178Z | To answer this question accurately, it is helpful to look at displacement from two perspectives: the number of **Central African citizens forced to flee** (either within the country or to neighboring states), and the number of **people currently displaced inside the borders of the Central African Republic (CAR)**, whic... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFiWeHH6aglw4eYqjcmMMyocWxcSWMX5dUa7JngrAKHddqpO1YnMg8nX8vNK3tFxBNCQS0TqoJ8x6keQ22bP0O8xQNG_-63JuaPzy86_lbv6IutE6vV1VyTqlramJ0qHF39CmEKsc7OsJrh8uaTVyLbOkaQSQo3MGmh1D0B-s6YScvlKRF4GJrnwmbTMbx80AoMdu43",
"title": "europa.eu"
},
... | 9 | 9 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:09:51.944709Z | According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), **over 1.4 million Central Africans** are forcibly displaced due to the ongoing conflict.
### 1. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
* **Number:** Between **428,000 and 469,000... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEMFQHgAHaZIgTGuh-4vqBrvDrwf5VVd4bMGJkMV5s4bsI1Wu8R3CW2RCt5r5PX-hjsR8c0Rq-uDSm9nDy689kLD1cXYgXkCxMSe_n4TMhQIS69b1RowzeMR2XoCbVz1zvzHSBbhGvnRxnjbWoq2WBasbVCLhUUDF3YBwE=",
"title": "unhcr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaise... | 8 | 8 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:10:29.835501Z | The humanitarian and displacement situation in the Central African Republic (CAR) remains a severe, protracted crisis. While some regions have seen relative security stabilization, a toxic combination of localized armed violence, institutional fragility, structural poverty, and spillover from regional conflicts continu... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFRBC6APW0X9snPMnS3pK3NfVcZdvTIRkahuRMh6EopyZgRQj8v_U7WdaZVdvGGiciR5v4MoUOZ_fffZr1hoooKa0GOCXOeAdjscawi18-pZ6C7ABZmwJcQgugcRs_5ZK9TnkJJjz9QvAnEsD14O22poJ5p1CXQhiUMW7cUaoLoyiYrJWnYNlvcINS-bMs3WpBK0wh0EQ==",
"title": "europa.eu"
}... | 13 | 13 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:11:06.482632Z | The Central African Republic (CAR) continues to suffer from a protracted, multidimensional humanitarian crisis. While the security situation has stabilized slightly in certain regions, years of conflict, institutional fragility, structural poverty, and climate shocks leave a massive portion of the population deeply vul... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHcBGS6orAFwIITXIsai5qb_ghnr0v1fT8pKpw8Jm2d2lVW5oH1LzDMP4pehxG_NJ3sxD1VRjEMJVxvkw5MB0PA0Xl94YQxT1Dgd61ygOfZWYHt8G8ocWA65Tgv2uKYj5h-Vox89A==",
"title": "unocha.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/groun... | 18 | 18 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the conflict in the Central African Republic? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:11:46.488436Z | The Central African Republic (CAR) continues to suffer from one of the world's most protracted, severe, and chronically underfunded humanitarian crises. Although some areas have seen relative security stabilization following a ceasefire and peacekeeping efforts, the humanitarian and displacement situation remains criti... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGbEcyRpjJ83WPZugBbqMglcj8eaisAKtp-bewgTZ_kzQLXC-RN_Vq5DbPdnUX6vUd_UcX0JWMOg5MlaUt-lEEPaKXJU48zHfiOG2jElU8nB1jpgGMOrBK_FGNESMxP9hUc0r1dSnk-NpzDSDfjI01et1FuS-ZKHcNKHbRrNq2sHml4s2_SwAbkha9MTRdcnsAzIocq6g==",
"title": "europa.eu"
}... | 13 | 13 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in the Central African Republic, and which ones? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:12:24.359536Z | In the Central African Republic (CAR), the conflict does not currently feature conventional, large-scale medieval military sieges of major urban centers (such as the 2021 rebel blockade of the capital, Bangui). However, **severe geographic isolation, blockade-like road closures, and hostile control of access routes by ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEoMBzSh3Z4XYwGGN-RBsbS-ufLFMwN6oYdZuadAZE0Q8m-AckvmThJirGI4RKlThE8fZyJpoXxiFDQVsxX9bsgPku8kgj0ZSP2bPQCzGqkKi9r43D9FmfLESG6Vh1Vqfq0ruAJO5gNn6QDhX8c6VEBbxvl-qrId5p7rgfllI2k",
"title": "crisisgroup.org"
},
{
"url": "https://... | 11 | 11 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in the Central African Republic, and which ones? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:13:05.077183Z | In the Central African Republic (CAR), the nature of the conflict has shifted away from classic military sieges of major cities, but several remote towns and regions remain heavily isolated, periodically blockaded, or cut off by armed groups and seasonal geography.
The current status of towns and areas experiencing s... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEe3yLmoEeoo2zUjg9KFnI5sRJw9Je0Ft6WYYSZAao1ODY-5ZiRu0kj6f55V_thPalpainORW70JPpCKlV2OMPAinBB9CgqTl8ANJcBBi1ENX-TFaDY6NttW6GUOMwKH93RBIZ7y_EvxIMu0TFEvzGpIEUOM-WiJhWIAFECWo5YQQ==",
"title": "crisisgroup.org"
},
{
"url": "http... | 15 | 15 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the conflict in the Central African Republic, and which ones? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:13:48.697528Z | In the context of the conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR), the term "under siege" is best understood as **siege-like conditions or blockades**. While there are no medieval-style walled-city sieges, several remote towns and enclaves are functionally besieged because armed groups have cut off all road access, ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH-BmavZG-nnpmwCmVnrc-mCw246JboD3r660WNkICDidp9iTiLa_UbUmAn0Hu_joePrG4Arc7EIx_C7PMajwCMXbkt72PQTynKq3rNSmNz1fVwcGj53G8M5Kx4pHBHSW2pVzkJAcoDYq4KQeZk_BdWA7w1g9ByK6aTnSIDtAYUFWz0SLf5",
"title": "hrw.org"
},
{
"url": "https://... | 12 | 12 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in the Central African Republic getting worse? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:14:34.776148Z | The displacement situation in the Central African Republic (CAR) presents a **mixed and deeply nuanced picture**.
While macro-level data indicates that the total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is gradually declining as parts of the country stabilize, specific areas are experiencing worsening conditions... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH2kxbNMp45Qb_8IphzASf_ucBTGoDlj_y6Ozre5A7RUHpc8407pUlNMpU6C5yESCtlgao_WD0ZPUhcOC9NcWjWATAlNasfM5vCljxZAairTg-OAl_TPz8w_GUcWbReZmGwOciu8_JO8QxeIHFB23T70ZoaLDDzj5NjhA==",
"title": "unhcr.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaise... | 10 | 10 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in the Central African Republic getting worse? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:15:16.014037Z | To answer whether the displacement situation in the Central African Republic (CAR) is getting worse, it is helpful to look at both the overall numbers and the localized realities.
While the **total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has gradually decreased** due to security improvements in certain areas, t... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFzO6TGHxwk7gpxUNQUxQTFHEG7UsT_Clbiulhluq40cF7GTrE5SKgj-YyVEDhu7o5Uwuro0jnmYvaqlqG2xSJ4E8-1Zj9pINEbEafmtCoMeKzTVsPjFSrz7w9s0neYMr-JFhZYap-ZjS0gZR4NimlXdI_T_XLBIEEPIAYyeyW-cdF7d8yJ_CcOuHA0QvKEQE0A4Gys94BKbCfXk-fdJ76768haHF4n6EJ8MbRBUpj... | 16 | 16 | |
25-central-african-republic | Central African Republic | conflict in the Central African Republic | Central African Republic | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the conflict in the Central African Republic getting worse? | 25-central-african-republic-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:15:57.725082Z | To understand whether the displacement situation in the Central African Republic (CAR) is getting worse, it is necessary to look at both the overall national numbers and the worsening localized humanitarian realities in 2026.
While the **overall national headcount of displaced people has stabilized or slightly decrea... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEDJAdIKwg3qrE_44z8AJgU2_tLzCDJwI6y1zlpk40KQGBO7vB5X4Kn8HoDh5SNAmttf7OX9iOFgfyKPFhBin5rHZ9x02g77vOz36iGLw7v4Ji_UxhIbo9j7GdLoPwhuhjYElWwvign1bOpdvIP-4KlhSzI9iA4Ev-N7QYJVfySR6BKRGxnrrSRsG5mj9JUBpEajpdc_g==",
"title": "europa.eu"
}... | 14 | 14 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:16:38.124043Z | Because tracking organizations (such as ACLED, Nextier, and human rights groups) often group these fatalities under broader categories—such as "communal violence," "sectarian clashes," or "banditry"—**there is no single, universally agreed-upon official figure isolated solely for farmer-herder deaths in the Middle Belt... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHNJuap8Lw6559PVZbprDtrkXrjtEn5PUDHdEhelO2bkAttEfNCwR0r-WK4p8CAuIYmTihMxco5Q49MoVMM5Ih4e0LWTSIe9SkAq5Q-uh3sfE8Si3Ruyq1krNzUXspB1isi8bQapNkdHID6qr4NBEpSkKbUfoKzt_QwZAQDsjQXE25U46KQ6zUT07u04k6WDc8E3w==",
"title": "europa.eu"
},
... | 11 | 11 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:17:27.229496Z | Determining the exact number of people killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (primarily the North Central region, including Benue and Plateau states) in 2025 is complex, as different databases and local authorities categorize and report these deaths differently.
The statistics for 2025 can be ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEJWWspM45jXBhm-7XxclbFRQI0kW-mQvqyrBJz0YLLJqqXweXlsT4qgiSoHbMy-VcDzcxYp1QSZzExtReDBXZIW4HRdE6n2ecDN340R97RI0oW9p2zRSqiZercEXeuvKf_0LxW1Ez0dQEIDsX-wK7H3fS3aw3iF7bXXtfm95qj_VreKVOzWuJFdyIFXf-WHb_z6GHy",
"title": "persecution.org"
... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:18:12.896317Z | Determining the exact number of casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt is highly complex, as different monitoring databases classify these incidents under various labels—such as "farmer-herder clashes," "communal violence," "ethnic militia attacks," or "rural banditry".
The statistics from ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEaWmvoWo1uOLVC_Q4VZC0lNUnNBEY0yT586ZXRLxF4aY8NmPiMqkNvEYbLw8dzEkrxS9mNP8pQeu8HPjalYQFkZKMN4xC6Frl9TtlCdIB3XIEMEbSSY7l9b7g8u1CxVDi_PZ1Q1w==",
"title": "allafrica.com"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/gr... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:19:08.220526Z | While there is no single, universally agreed-upon final number for civilian deaths exclusively attributed to the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt for the entire year of 2025, data from security agencies, international trackers, and research firms paint a devastating picture of the humanitarian toll.
Ac... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEXuerJtnkdXcDrt3qQIng_ANKm3H1ST0JFIoUV55bByRNbUHQuJDs634hNjOSFYZTDM06lQ90lF4vvywP_10NzgBeWk91uRffdaqgfQftdIG38dJCRs27IfME-pGv-u4olzQnv8fNIFkvJdguHjaImHXphZD0I0pHpsNa-ntzHWj7EQhxuxxZ06iD4h6QdTdc6w5WLmOZ5Lqi2jd5g7zohSifJh98TvoAbw9gpODz... | 12 | 12 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:19:50.385821Z | Providing an exact, universally accepted number of civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (primarily North-Central states like Benue, Plateau, and Nasarawa) for 2025 is difficult because **conflict-tracking organizations categorize the violence differently**. Many attacks on farming comm... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG8t9vj-w2fvyOJJYts8esOYDvDsBxwlIfPv4yqW8Gz6CzdvZ57VUqpvaiHmVdQ4LwufX0Urb2X19fgx1OfQmlsK8mjmQCUFGAvk4fzO6h0K9nupRlR99JiAGNSgMne5NGWXk74mikHsZbhfzyU0cNbgid-tYuCiLBBlJR9kKf9pkbMM1YMHdwABUUWVeUKwkkRwG84J1bdB_Rq55IvTyZkQgip",
"title":... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt in 2025? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:20:41.578967Z | In Nigeria's Middle Belt (primarily the North-Central region, including states like Benue, Plateau, and Kaduna), there is **no single, universally agreed-upon figure** for the number of civilians killed in the farmer-herder conflict in 2025.
This discrepancy exists because tracking organizations, local communities, a... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFhd05AZjgwXZfOTvI1Q3Oaq3Hm6Cd73i7J2Pgb2rPaH3cU2sXV7P2CbqeC3qq5koiCJaivXwrVDYnCOk248DSQzXTbr9l6bvgR-GZh3Zd7n-40fith7E_uTC1Yw8z6Pkg59HKCr5QSo9abjWJjUMJFP4oozLLLCAFM",
"title": "theguardian.com"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexai... | 15 | 15 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:21:34.427305Z | The overall death toll of the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (and nationwide) is difficult to pinpoint exactly, as estimates vary widely depending on the tracking methodology, the timeframe, and whether the data relies on strictly verified reports or local community registries.
The most prominent est... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHTe1HegUzxofxpKcEGlf0CV2VJC6JyiyGBnc0Khl1SMZ_7I0YrVZz0I1C4rk2SkoSHWfV5PNoTojAHhefXQiY3CAp9MLqYqKNGnjwMgiJIrS1_R48R3TWezkobeyK6vsnXCL4vZ9Nmkub5hEabu-ruRXuwieBldC69LRixmEGgUTmGWLk=",
"title": "punchng.com"
},
{
"url": "http... | 14 | 14 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:22:12.830161Z | Because the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (and its surrounding regions) is highly fragmented and often overlaps with banditry, communal clashes, and sectarian violence, there is no single "official" cumulative death toll. Instead, human rights organizations, academic institutions, and security tracker... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF2K07pNcpJHepUudN9Oi-DbQmWbTxWEIsJ9NR5nk2gs8Z1XoGM9w4MD88gtaRjxnGvkC0GMkWKGGKlJSjXGTV8_L10GfzTIhVLNcaYOGmkPXx4Y7wGV1N_DDJIALrTnlaXh9t9EjNdVbg0C5Fyg72SZYtZIwG0pGagIj5dz23NTsHh26z7EszTIu_b",
"title": "thewhistler.ng"
},
{
"... | 14 | 14 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:22:53.153896Z | Because the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (North-Central region) has persisted for decades, and because many of the killings occur in remote rural communities without formal documentation, estimates of the overall death toll vary widely depending on the timeframe and the reporting organization.
The ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGbs6bb3q6sk2JJrC2SBBO1OcJE5xXrEpYV5v9XYGF-2JUaJ7xnvkIH1sDWkykpYclTETsvLOLIPFrf_6SpEhcX6vZxno-2aAjAA6cgQZqRwsCc9ok8NL44CVt0pJ6Y9NPQUklA_Yhu0n-3vUJ7D--3gJGti3THfNBEYHmiQZFQlQuuSVLih_tnszPEB0hQCWmHvzOYdmjVpGspp7s=",
"title": "ibanet... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt have been relatively limited? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:23:31.563020Z | **No, it is not true.** Casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt have been massive, devastating, and far from "relatively limited". For years, the conflict has been recognized as one of Nigeria’s most significant and lethal security challenges.
The scale of the violence is evidenced by severa... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG25bAxZqRzbOM2p46CSdKcz6cEKLLLBMLsyxpQNbpLK2G0nzbDepFsmMuzmMgnDT0p1XXW_5GbHsFF7W6o7H9cu0t7L7kuoVq0C4q_Xa1q2VuT6EHE0UuVPTr0bku3WrS70ieta2oW7tqA51DXv8nFMjPY6xG4510=",
"title": "tandfonline.com"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexai... | 11 | 11 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt have been relatively limited? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:24:08.166370Z | **No, it is not true** that casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt have been relatively limited. On the contrary, the conflict has been incredibly deadly, claiming tens of thousands of lives and displacing hundreds of thousands of people, making it one of Nigeria's most severe and persistent ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEe5AnkQLmoS76poEaZxjzdMkEYrmUVtaW5HuIboloX8xh6CvePOvXTbwtNeFciAoKP6Wk6l1PMz-0XvCci-MMbsSDBqF9QYvU6f7NWZToyGqTgW4TlgV7cs4rqoBRmT_uX0kFbEFxo8lvicTAuxCtj-n081MpJtHDUgEB_r5AE_e1EcUu67s8nt2NPCIpjAMMzucZZeFLVW7xfJ24=",
"title": "nigeri... | 13 | 13 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_low | Is it true that casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt have been relatively limited? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_low-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:24:43.882148Z | **No, it is not true.** Far from being "relatively limited," the casualties in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt are immense and catastrophic. By many measures, it has been one of Nigeria's deadliest security challenges, occasionally claiming more lives in a given year than the Boko Haram insurgency. ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFpjidwFWN5g7-3wS6ZTmoyA2Zbnb0MsL5l4UsxM_YvPKBMh_e-i3EiIH8l_l1HMY7LVFkeFZPO48dROMui6BElUKHZNtE6t83o7zq0pWgi2mTFwLeeO83PtnOg9YMiSb7zpIgzas5yYTY5P64buxOcDKH0hlWaLMJD3zUXBWWVxUbj6WRwtamXCVRpxiK63llN34p-YEXWL8iTijw=",
"title": "nigeri... | 13 | 13 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:25:22.362046Z | **Yes, it is true.** The long-running farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt has caused very large numbers of deaths. It is widely recognized by local officials, international research organizations, and human rights groups as one of Nigeria's deadliest ongoing security challenges—in several years surpassing t... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEJ09StMXtROa5rrqUeG_vqxfaWc7Op4JCnFvL0249ZCBqBHRJr_s09tqbm2D286q9wLNzsbFOVLxMXeJ3ceGMTJUVZuzyQ-DjXLcSvi1zj_EgosvLh0598X0I7B-D3",
"title": "trtworld.com"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-r... | 13 | 13 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:25:59.150708Z | **Yes, it is entirely true.** The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria—concentrated heavily in the country’s fertile Middle Belt—has resulted in a devastatingly high loss of life, with estimates of cumulative deaths ranging from tens of thousands.
### The Scale of the Death Toll
The true number of casualties is difficul... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFD8GiqhzM2amFj0gDEDSKA2lgHviYVv_WlNaEDzZe-wPssew9XFH80PWpMO1T-80QLjynzWgJ6dz2fRJ076TZEXa58EqrWGHYspstvgyAOCUBuhW2apLzhLH1hkYi3GS7GtKBV3h3l4AUo_zPV_ryfDsIXLvwQf1dWr_fTN6FZGkTcWWVQ6Jj3aE9PTngVnDGkIpii41oLFiWhew==",
"title": "ibanet... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | casualty | framed_high | Is it true that the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt has caused very large numbers of deaths? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-casualty-framed_high-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:26:33.938420Z | **Yes, it is entirely true.** The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (primarily the North Central region, including states like Benue, Plateau, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Taraba) has caused a devastatingly large number of deaths. For years, it has been recognized as one of Nigeria’s most lethal and persistent s... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFDW7uabphiZ2xDFFdNVv4ZVrxCGi7XuwiQf_WHpNyaY__RptDihVZPlDkkHqrm25ofZ49L-kR6DU0sVqYBKZFCpO-Qxo9Kh4WNXeWJ9Ov0bDPx3AMhGyjxGjeJyZjO46G6Odh7gdwYPWO3U0ym1JqF0-iG1eGQz59OlNmQZrp6ZR51ephes_TCvzHM0cm6Ojf5dA7c23mXzPOvQw==",
"title": "ibanet... | 16 | 16 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:27:16.641752Z | Responsibility for the violence against civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (including states like Benue, Plateau, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Taraba) is multifaceted. International human rights organizations, conflict analysts, and investigative bodies attribute the violence to a combination of ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHkf1qifMDD1zKaHz4pjh6OL5cEPttY05bKP86SjV_OGeumjhbLKLLasZhQh8ggv4p5Xjhfi1CRWNAwBo-W-IDKKU3eSD9sYhKgcpbw3n1bU6KtdEH7mZOqjbyIBaOzmvP-FGSw4TzhssPz5LaUkOVA",
"title": "policycommons.net"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.clo... | 15 | 15 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:28:03.958480Z | Responsibility for the violence against civilians in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (which includes states like Benue, Plateau, Kaduna, Taraba, Nasarawa, and Adamawa) does not lie with a single actor. Rather, independent research bodies, think tanks, and human rights organizations (such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Wa... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFIl9Ba-rqiGrlYDckW9EKGHdlRigjaUCmvXtAX4FLhy6O2EWAyMRl8iREi8MrsMrhHanmT_-4SzD66PnQ_Gc0b1tQ28k7wqSqlSNo0ModGgbFAk51OZ--iW2QgrUh2p12iLsJPq8BRtm2wkfa6qMjo1HZ6pZL3Kium1dYEAU4cpERkik9iwV8zu79YCTagv_-ASkf_psuftpd49w==",
"title": "crisis... | 19 | 19 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | neutral | Who is responsible for violence against civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:28:47.359436Z | Responsibility for the violence against civilians in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (primarily affecting states like Plateau, Benue, Kaduna, Taraba, and Nasarawa) is shared among multiple actors. What began decades ago as localized, seasonal disputes over land and water has evolved into a highly complex, militarized, and deeply... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGTIiu2lK1G8y1c9r1ydY66stAkr20M7OQZ1ZH8zCXK_0kXK0dDuO45Slx1492NTr1GVsK-3TE7vlPYqk0WxFCeyAQE4yZz4K7iNx-sBlwRA-yAoZrEiJbpE47QvTsImYevEtjut27WEy5cfk9dPxTBaJTim_9CYTwp9KeLxQjmscGhLnnjLoaaQ6Noy8HtFNIZcMhjAIWgMUMuCKg=",
"title": "crisis... | 16 | 16 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:29:32.753242Z | In the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (North Central region and Southern Kaduna), the armed force responsible for the vast majority of civilian killings is the **Fulani Ethnic Militia (FEM)**. In media reports, academic papers, and government statements, this decentralized network of armed actors is al... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHa6B_oOeg1vQS3I9KsSHjL6POmxYoyCopWBwc9D5eqLbB_itsYjD6Ck-Pj3YVaekBezQ4f2PauALqGvIhAvlO2kM_7JRSYKZ0Br1OXXSi8cfcLNdMC9FHC-o2qsOoRd-VcL_XIy_ZQmh1tdGdaGiyiJ82FWWeZTQ-RPTA2mDYH38nvsa0myOjfM-A31Npap4uF",
"title": "christiandaily.com"
... | 18 | 18 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:30:17.077363Z | Because the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt does not involve highly centralized, formal armies, conflict-monitoring organizations evaluate the belligerents as decentralized, ethnic-based communal militias. This response interprets "armed group or force" to mean these decentralized ethnic militias and co... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHl-DN1GzZcQIF2txd8fdd2fhRccQ-EN4mpDCERIQ0uoyXlHLkINBpjjHP1mw_p84Ir-8HWjzca1xyJTgaCVDA5ngl-wYC_Nr6nMqiLBtrrYEX2ZR8oZr-Fybcqpa0jGBnkIageh_k35xzDgT33fn17TSH92_ViHl126q8K7BU9PcoDRHoIwzoVCDg0wsHPuonQusFhHKemvCXSlvpxK9cFcBZp09CcVEhu4n6FZgf... | 10 | 10 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | perpetrator | Which armed group or force has killed the most civilians in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-perpetrator-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:31:02.133412Z | Based on data and reports from international monitoring organizations (such as ACLED), human rights watchdogs (like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch), and security databases, **Fulani herder militias** (frequently referred to as **Fulani militants**, **Fulani militias**, or **armed herder groups**) have kil... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG3r89LGRAjpYIaAxZS8oIxPpiRV713cLDjuFPho6ec1CxfgTDTagmJOyt7N3NR7zM9fDgd6clEh0dLI--sxA4wySiJg81qYNEnO4ZUXLA3qLMLFE7b8x0yhYHhGP3s_vyNfT30Z4a7M_GYb2EE",
"title": "amnesty.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.... | 19 | 19 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:31:47.801812Z | To answer this question, it is helpful to look at it through two lenses: **direct responsibility** (who is pulling the triggers and carrying out the massacres) and **indirect or systemic responsibility** (who is failing in their duty to protect citizens and enforce the law).
While the Nigerian government and its state... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGvp8MsynOtzLBRIr66TZnQW7v31pIR4f7h043LLW1i-1CWjnro3I3Hq4bbUADDY3eur8wezeg-zP1iOUOaKDuSdUD2lQ6c9y_qyuuGPRACoYlscN9nJQAz4iIIlPcU6u66oKzHjeyxF-A40UCrduVO9Mzuq2gGKt2z6diB4VFvTa1U__e64zT73RsZ7d9ZIhILz0LYkbncTkqXNyaoU9Rn6Y-Nnb9X_zIKaqGrRWL... | 21 | 21 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:32:39.603966Z | To answer directly: **No, the Nigerian government and state security forces are not mainly responsible for directly executing civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict.**
However, major human rights organizations, researchers, and local leaders hold the Nigerian government **heavily responsible for the escalation... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHYBGo4SUHMog7jLXh4FhltqlW81j1nFfJTRfRhd89-QVJjLqc9Ky1Z_PTJXCXoP5P07DNPszll51aFYRzKPZvZC4oQZzbNZR2rhh2IrlsciCFVb4RIUWYZ4GSLoiLL4XmYpTDd0YgNMkpt8O27fzh6BzcG1kMNp-Hx4kAFY_neXTmkTP7qvDqNcEbkfGHtJGdtKydRE-iwjVotabc=",
"title": "ibanet... | 15 | 15 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_state | Is the government or a state force mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_state-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:47:01.802619Z | In the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt, state forces are **not the main direct perpetrators** of civilian deaths. Instead, the vast majority of civilian casualties are directly inflicted by **non-state actors** on both sides of the conflict.
However, local and international human rights organizations,... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFdIi3hikgSPMAkzC_-IMTecSaZxj3o6KaV0dju7fUKyeQZvMM4i6Vg5Ecv4yzFXg_-jksVtpuwM-Pb0b5Mma3LI9w6FixVznpCShsrcXKN6RbeND700lKlL_bzoVb90E-bf1uLBfiphUNv8K47SogLj-3pYGd22ke2PJBrilA=",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://ve... | 18 | 18 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:47:40.516225Z | **Yes, non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are overwhelmingly responsible for the civilian deaths** in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt.
While state security forces have occasionally caused civilian casualties—primarily through accidental airstrikes, heavy-handed security sweeps, or excessive force—thei... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHTZy1RoJ7l2Q70-iUx255BnwgHuf1mdVcjZftYBlFoE7d-3ySrm9CDH0y-Ibq-dYNQsOjThCBHzf9RiVhDONqcVSPV1xc2svtKjF7G76nCRYNG-POBDV5QrnzKIHyMyISRXlTKcJu2gqQqZEBWPDfibi9mnkMgxf163nxaWNU7daA8XEgPMtbRQJUYPbD8QCzg6avj6tfgQL-uV6A=",
"title": "ibanet... | 15 | 15 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:48:25.347237Z | Yes, **non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are the primary and direct perpetrators of civilian deaths** in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt.
In this context, "non-state armed groups" refers to herder-aligned militias, farmer-aligned community self-defense vigilantes, and heavily armed bandit gangs that ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEBubPNuqn3DSKg-6bu4zQ6J_7uSpJ1x678E-x7dqwIXi9DqGRmT0XRnrwJUz1-OHlJn5mahRs0lqhXBr08iznFiHmrGoRRK1IejVFzXTRuwfQRTXJ5youy6u88blajozDYnN86lgItNyThJQJ_6T_q1EareuT76Axk",
"title": "wissjournals.com.ng"
},
{
"url": "https://vert... | 19 | 19 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | attribution | framed_nonstate | Are non-state armed groups mainly responsible for civilian deaths in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-attribution-framed_nonstate-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:49:09.789616Z | **Yes, non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are mainly and directly responsible for the civilian deaths** in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt. However, a complete understanding of responsibility requires distinguishing between the **direct perpetrators** (the non-state armed groups who commit the violence)... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGL5IKvszZdm3AY_rQh-BbU0ZZ7A47flZSKMCSYGhNRY-kdz-o-8IQQbMkuIxqYFF9sxdmmTPFnSHTRiKOo7J0kRxSzQWvYXUOjeBqGdyM73JnBlpjEmUAb15UUgJFTA6RywpuhUb-bK6iLYSEfRZAkuk16e15Gb5tVyuDWvydkrhE2EZNm1-nXF5i6ZluipqBWvHXnuunj70ipXJM=",
"title": "ibanet... | 16 | 16 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:50:00.797862Z | The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria—driven by climate change, desertification pushing nomadic herders southward, and intense competition over land and water—has resulted in massive internal displacement, particularly in the Middle Belt (North Central) region.
The exact number of displaced people varies depending on... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEzrjqUCiorox-Dbs0jTBZyk_L-Lk5d4r5KtwTNxeGZPYcpY11laa1PRnZMdfYIoKAODuh4eArN50hHfggS6Svr90y841VBdgn8A33Y3MRrykQBIEBF9m6FfWpMgpM-NI1qgtSjExXUUmhBXriUFu8krXAgKg5KsJfuCIhXidb3rAuuscDbnfyHqbLm5Vq-TM7XjD8Y",
"title": "businessday.ng"
... | 12 | 12 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:50:37.313697Z | An estimated **2.2 million people** have been internally displaced by the escalating farmer-herder (pastoral) conflict in Nigeria.
Key details regarding this displacement crisis include:
* **The Epicenter:** The vast majority of these displacements have occurred in the **Middle Belt region** (the North Central zone)... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGVnqePuWYqJrEl9VMXQ8flv1H3HmcfWXHhDiKBngj48bS6VgDvV3uC8DStDqxDmiQAE1PbB97tfjd6V2eJUU8Aw17iP97PLyjDvJ73p2ZhihGvgOhgEKHs1XPUZkuyw9-oJ1HZ-Fy8iIesmj9QyliV-EXVZPuO1bEmrOh2O5RC-pidOYHziQrgv74usmE9PmwDGEgA",
"title": "businessday.ng"
... | 8 | 8 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | neutral | How many people have been displaced by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:51:36.239485Z | Because displacement figures in Nigeria are highly dynamic and track across different states and timelines, estimates of those displaced by the farmer-herder conflict in the Middle Belt (primarily North-Central Nigeria) vary depending on the scope of the reporting organization.
The most prominent estimates categorize... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHHXp9wfgOCxCOxSR_3NwpiaMdhdEDLFGmm5BcfdW05mJ7xnIOhiD190RS476XQ_eG_7Ar8XTq_JS9ZjLOZNgh5dmxj6Y6hjVNmFIqKVtvc5tGQpmrImYHz3rjnFQ-8cZD2OR6wBnFFNjMmWguW3RNtS--jqVzbBa0duIX2hsoW3VcmF368w6GVWfMNEWy-D4RlakU=",
"title": "businessday.ng"
... | 11 | 11 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:52:31.532484Z | The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (primarily the North-Central region, including states like Benue, Plateau, and Nasarawa) remains one of the country's most volatile and protracted security challenges. Over the past year, the crisis has evolved from localized, seasonal resource disputes into highly or... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHgAxye5AnKzVOmQQxQuos64eoXwupMNP9UjDEehecNepqRwFt1J75AhpYIIeowz1s4TvuN_vURnAAqCNKkcWZxTmXsiO0KASN63p9R9HXYxln2Bqh8VWW3byQi6_nuPVL0gAi5KxDoeZh-yUyFfLQcwmDP5ngkfBfqI8FYwnzbneyDVdQ=",
"title": "iom.int"
},
{
"url": "https://... | 25 | 25 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:53:16.862264Z | The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (primarily the North-Central region, including states like Benue, Plateau, Nasarawa, and Taraba) continues to drive a severe, protracted humanitarian crisis.
The situation is driven by a complex mix of historical land disputes, climate-induced resource scarcity (whi... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEbXoVocYPrgmGLXyzUvBcwPJ6hDTduC0EuDfgHhLQEhR6MkB91v43Z3QY_u2Ct7PMwJmCS9JPMMkesgqDtkB78c4p4Iv5h-wGyzBi7d5R8ZZi1NG4fYgj7DkFVHK5RtgUBuFsbEgybR0e9eyv73Dfd2oh59UgOwR3WbQ9-ZJVitfeJ-AlyicnBt7aeo4hXcYyMzkd_JKyZgSai02bnfJo9V6ZsgKscsvqJA12YRCa... | 15 | 15 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | status | What is the current displacement and humanitarian situation caused by the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-status-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:53:59.795529Z | The farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt (comprising states such as Benue, Plateau, Nasarawa, and Taraba) remains one of the country's most destabilizing internal crises. Characterized by intense competition over land and water resources, which is heavily exacerbated by climate change, the situation has evol... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHG3OIUeSTpWyvgrW7wn7d-9FaXnix9hibxhaPQEhr6MteMUV7JYTJDpUzPUmh38jkpq67dvm40SxtUx3G7Ah88QNbNXR7PAEP8TvjwLp2M98q4NWRVX8BT2cR4RNobTR0PQ6nD4kMNnmEAmysiqPKa1cCxpDrJ4rsFnD9QtGhIDGh6pK19dIWhYLAdi2UKagVxjttaqiuI9xWoAOyhJX9n4lHJvsuz0KYY_8GI7H8... | 22 | 22 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt, and which ones? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:54:43.480401Z | Yes, numerous towns and rural areas in Nigeria’s Middle Belt are under active siege, occupied, or facing severe, systematic attacks related to the farmer-herder conflict. While officially characterized as a "farmer-herder conflict," local leaders, human rights organizations, and international observers increasingly des... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG_nyaR32OMm1k__VkouecqsqPQaEt7rEKtgrnPmQ5ROlgS8NRsBNK84p0o5J0yiAYt6P9C6qImNxnyAWO2g4sFM6gIvJs0iiozfLu-Di-TI2kM1e4hP7N7n2hTdwrwocQKcLPRCiyFOuz2MrykIBqLgVx75JhklHZO2g5Q7ZBgAc2bKdPnSPpqFyGOHfOMMO3woo3b_g3qz25JXZo=",
"title": "ibanet... | 27 | 27 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt, and which ones? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:55:36.678836Z | Yes, numerous towns, villages, and local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria’s Middle Belt are under active siege, have been systematically sacked, or are forcefully occupied by armed herder militias.
While the Nigerian government and international organizations historically framed this as a resource-based "farmer-her... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQENhidY8966_vqPca2IipqDB2CLbW7Ht5iOj_LcExvmRcBAC4m7uKLaNuuW-y37LESsusqe0EEKlEvWZwfisjhU7C4HRR583YX3Ysg3MwZtymvkpBh6223ANmt-QMqD1D7ZrFqF3Ug5b0pR9Mwv8F83m3dOeIJWU0DwNLenPyORe0pJPYF0DHbYqIK7bZHPV0kHvtnm-_DVollrquO4lyuxmFZ6",
"title":... | 20 | 20 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | siege | Are any towns or areas under siege in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt, and which ones? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-siege-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:56:23.709987Z | Yes, numerous towns, villages, and local government areas (LGAs) across Nigeria’s Middle Belt are currently described by local officials, residents, and security analysts as being **under siege**.
In the context of this conflict, "under siege" is used in three main ways: communities under direct, active armed occupat... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGVA-RcY_oLd_SaKAvFKVaBF4aFl-ETwxuAaeQd9JhHXlaSdclTF3BxmRHxs0B3W0bi7YCq0PJH9PhFHUkFnp4JV1Lb_jk_Cz9x9cxGSH_5aDcy43SzVWis56F-j2ImB6P60rhVtFQyhdaD6XG3VxzsSad9SJ7B3Nff_5aFlAjLBe-pDAfjqCmG8YTxJOsp6w9fQ3M7-7qPEisJtiENAc8w",
"title": "gl... | 14 | 14 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt getting worse? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r1 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 1 | 2026-06-20T07:57:40.786552Z | **Yes, the displacement situation resulting from the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt is getting worse.**
Data and reports show a sharp escalation in violence, a widening geographical spread of the conflict, and a severe deterioration of humanitarian conditions for the displaced.
Several key developm... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEgGCB0MCPlahorOt3c9uBvWHvK8f70G1_13Aq4qJYIaSuGRLK29IqmIo9L3O_xLS8jD_i2MWRi-XJwuZPrg0wmDLsZIviXKeN3Merhz_-PjNx_YiTmm773nH9qk5GrT3oFYrfjDcu-2Cx52cmFQBtWghWoJCIPufb_N-YB9v48aLbXJb234gPnEfIr1uGj97K3UV390H_ZRcHnbX7o4hNCkxk-R4L4FwALJ0b0qgO... | 13 | 13 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt getting worse? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T07:58:24.402985Z | Yes, the displacement situation linked to the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt (principally the North-Central region) has gotten significantly worse.
While the conflict has deep historical roots, a dramatic spike in violence, mass displacement, and a structural shift in the nature of the crisis have pu... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGR0_Pe07FyCqrdRoR7MzZ8LfvfgbRdzFhq5HdzTnfGahYSAD0fxLSdCHKGWwIeBv_dKCx0-y00AqAgkKoK6uWF38VZMjgG-fVLyWjA6vW5i56vmRYzv9SLzNaJtks0jSA8b29SC0bUGJmUsE31Gm0ZweNOYYNCOFoJzhjZrogKcQU-eCFEcgr1Hh39OWfxYTkYIT49i8SAPcM=",
"title": "reliefweb.... | 19 | 19 | |
26-nigeria-middle-belt | Nigeria Middle Belt | farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt | Nigeria | low | siege_displacement | framed_worse | Is the displacement situation in the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria's Middle Belt getting worse? | 26-nigeria-middle-belt-siege_displacement-framed_worse-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T07:59:14.586597Z | **Yes, the displacement situation resulting from the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria’s Middle Belt has continued to worsen.**
While historically framed as seasonal, resource-based clashes, the conflict has deteriorated into highly coordinated attacks, systemic land-grabbing, and protracted displacement.
The worse... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEryy-mQKCKOQGDzjelDgJfn7hZMuusK-UR6DeIJcANYWfVq_RTGdFNtgfA2rAa-OQJA1T4RjQdvIVFi6K7dtAj0Ll0yXmnxak6zQdeOT7oW0ZGIzeH-Tiav0fO7RBS9TBgYQmMoIgixlK2fyDw2dZAQAo9RqTh_PQAEZisEfBl-9UfxTnfFYiVuXbIyVhf7Zr9fEap81EZh5nA3jGv7yRHW9UFNtfA",
"tit... | 17 | 17 | |
27-manipur-india | Manipur (India) | ethnic conflict in Manipur, India | India | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India in 2025? | 27-manipur-india-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T08:00:00.695666Z | There is no single official statistic that isolates the exact death toll of the Manipur ethnic conflict specifically for the calendar year 2025. However, data on the cumulative conflict and reports from specific clashes throughout 2025 provide a clear picture of the casualties.
While the violence was significantly le... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG0TlvfDH3YWJcGCt5eNQzkrloVl_vIUSfkRrnhm59jy4pMWjpGWFqfWKYr8Zr4UiPodLUEVanYDSiperAm-HC2ay6kMhW8trBcO7cgzeJCGomNUvcae1nZA6rwBn29kvKQEm-YUAxAOF6AP36Hei79ENj458ViwZyRXNOt27YD2BW_S0XrPymyZTqegughQ1-pdCvDAWDVVGk2MoAclN_c7Q==",
"title":... | 15 | 15 | |
27-manipur-india | Manipur (India) | ethnic conflict in Manipur, India | India | low | casualty | neutral | How many people have been killed in the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India in 2025? | 27-manipur-india-casualty-neutral-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T08:00:43.463279Z | To answer this question, it is helpful to look at both the **number of deaths that occurred specifically during the calendar year 2025** and the **cumulative death toll of the conflict up to that point**.
### 1. Conflict-Related Fatalities in the Year 2025
The active, large-scale direct ethnic clashes that began in M... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHZQF2TU5sYXxKn6Tydmj4TwhuqZTTKh-hOlQrENXvU_COVtNen9r_lFJZQT7xLtzQEKTU9Bq19flwvMX40CStDPD5_9YMHkIgTqH5oiRFz109GlBNkIzYTHNABh1xO3jW9xjt9rA0Cx0Nc33KaOeCCYwjSmCFgikTOKiWU6RLxmp9sIHUUpdiXZvJp5A8dnMCv4gyc6FrHvQEKTDfxN6SLTonCRlnF8xetu25WsQc... | 10 | 10 | |
27-manipur-india | Manipur (India) | ethnic conflict in Manipur, India | India | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India in 2025? | 27-manipur-india-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T08:01:29.105343Z | According to data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), **4 civilians** were directly killed in insurgency-related and ethnic conflict incidents in Manipur in **2025**.
### Broader Conflict Context for 2025
While the ethnic conflict between the majority Meitei and tribal Kuki-Zo communities has claimed ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQElWr8TJ4ODBH-WNlFPWGFzJsvpNFJclYU5bmD9fpDcSXDULmSgmccRQpvwYsL3CSvRZDqKBQzfCd8EJ9xhpy76YCkvMwqnM09eneNjq7JjQPFl4RjI7jjrU45HSNWIO1PTcq3advnfgNP5cnTgypXM8vR9XzeZN6msMOi8UQR1AIzE9pYEwvLI6Qc=",
"title": "eurasiareview.com"
},
{
... | 7 | 7 | |
27-manipur-india | Manipur (India) | ethnic conflict in Manipur, India | India | low | casualty | civilian | How many civilians have been killed in the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India in 2025? | 27-manipur-india-casualty-civilian-gemini-w1-r3 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 3 | 2026-06-20T08:02:20.000166Z | In 2025, the direct civilian death toll from the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India, was significantly lower than in previous years.
According to data tracked by the **South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP)**, **4 civilians** were killed in conflict- and insurgency-related violence in Manipur during the year 2025 (out of ... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQH_uOPqiaIFWyI3DVjSk72fix8XDFOEX8Nh2RfGijDr4lC2BfgYmZiWGzheedAEaiwXBK1w_mVKHOrxf23HrrwN_NC8K9gLH71k5IL6q-lGIba8qljYi8CPXm-dkSt22bTaZBXwPf7VA_zfZl4cLWAYmrpN0lkEZTjdfY6TIE260VRd7KnLIGnY",
"title": "eurasiareview.com"
},
{
"u... | 16 | 16 | |
27-manipur-india | Manipur (India) | ethnic conflict in Manipur, India | India | low | casualty | magnitude | What is the overall death toll of the ethnic conflict in Manipur, India? | 27-manipur-india-casualty-magnitude-gemini-w1-r2 | gemini | gemini-3.5-flash | 1 | 2 | 2026-06-20T08:05:15.028516Z | The overall death toll of the ethnic conflict in Manipur, which erupted on May 3, 2023, is categorized into two main groups: direct casualties of the violence and indirect casualties of the resulting displacement crisis.
### 1. Direct Casualties (Deaths from Violence)
As of June 2026, the official death toll from act... | [
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHovITqE1LWaGIfyAPH7nZsJTVfvWk_8cRJoD-1tmFeJTL08f1g7a4-qhzkZQ9HLtYFpqiSkTC1ie8S7Y7Pu-T7iNPUnDwLx-_SQBdNJfplFVhUZb1bBWOn6oZaEU5qkjhW1nRq13pdENdANRZsEPL0eRWVc7EU",
"title": "wikipedia.org"
},
{
"url": "https://vertexaisearch... | 6 | 6 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.